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Topic: Separation of church and state (medieval)

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	sociology - Separation of church and state
		The separation of church and state is a concept in law whereby the structures of state or national government are kept separate from those of religious institutions.
		The separation of church and state is related to freedom of religion, but the two concepts are different and one should not infer hastily that countries with a state church do not necessarily have freedom of religion, nor should one infer that a country without a state church necessarily enjoys freedom of religion.
		Churches, synagogues, temples and cathedrals built before 1905, at the taxpayers' expense, are now the property of the state and the communes; however they may be gratuitously used for religious activities provided this religious use stays continuous in time.
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Separation_of_church_and_state (4774 words)

	Separation of church and state - Wikipedia
		The separation of church and state is a concept in modern thought and practice, whereby the structures of state or national government are kept separate from those of religious institutions.
		The separation of church and state is related to freedom of religion, but the two concepts are different and one should not infer hastily that countries with a state church do not necessarily have freedom of religion, nor should one infer that a country without a state church necessarily enjoys freedom of religion.
		The opposite end of the spectrum from secularism is a theocracy, in which the state and state religion are inseperable, and the rule of law is based on interpretation of a religious texts such as the Bible or the Qur'an.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state (5317 words)

	Church and State - Search View - MSN Encarta
		Church and State, relationship between the organized church and the government of a country, especially with regard to the extent of their powers within each other's sphere of activity.
		By the 13th century Pope Innocent III made extreme claims to the effect that the Holy Roman emperor (state) was subordinate to the pope (church) because of the relative significance of the different jurisdictions given the two institutions.
		The United States, as a new nation, undertook an experiment in the separation of church and state, although not so forthrightly as is sometimes assumed.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761573998__1/Church_and_State.html (1555 words)

	Vision Driven African American People V-DAAP
		In the United States, separation of church and state is governed by the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and by legal precedents, some quite controversial, interpreting that clause.
		Other secularists assert that the state ought to encourage religion (such as by providing exemptions from taxation, or providing funds for education and charities, including those that are "faith based"), but ought not establish one religion as the state religion, require religious observance, or legislate dogma.
		The opposite end of the spectrum from secularization is a theocracy, in which the state is founded upon the institution of religion, and the rule of law is based on the dictates of a religious court.
	tiptopwebsite.com /websites/index2.php?username=alxlsny&page=15 (2019 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The church as hierarchical, juridical corporation was declared to have public legal jurisdiction within a very definite and declared area of social life, the spiritual; while the state was entrusted with the temporal jurisdiction, with matters of civil justice which were concerned with temporal life.
		The state was a separate entity from the church whose duties included the establishment and protection of the Roman church hierarchy, and the maintenance of civil justice.
		The elaboration of boundaries between church and state and the formulation of respective complementary duties between them, the division of their responsibilities in terms of an overall agenda, was among the most important fruits of this transformation.
	www.wordbridge.net /ccsp/res02.htm (3787 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Separation of church and state
		Separation of church and state is a political doctrine which states that government and religious institutions are to be kept separate from each other.
		The separation of church and state is similar to the concept of freedom of religion, but the two concepts are not the same.
		The phrase "separation of church and state" is derived from a letter written by Thomas Jefferson to a group identifying themselves as the Danbury Baptists.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state (3100 words)

	Ebon Musings: The Wall
		Separation of church and state applies to every branch and level of government and all agencies and organizations that are part of the government, including public schools, courthouses, the military, and legislatures.
		Under Dutch rule, the Dutch Reformed Church was the official religion of the state, and all residents were compelled by law to contribute to its support and to have their children baptized by a Reformed minister in a Reformed church.
		Separation of church and state is not a value in opposition to America's ideals, but the true essence of them; and we are all, atheists and theists alike, better off when that wall is kept high and strong.
	www.ebonmusings.org /atheism/thewall.html (12326 words)

	[No title]
		Separation of church and state may be defined as the relationship that exists between formal religious institutions, their leadership, and officials within a government.
		The Church of England was a state church: consequently, its structure fell under the authority of the crown.
		Whereas, the Lutheran influence upheld the principle of the separation of church and state.
	home.fuse.net /cgilbert/state.htm (1407 words)

	Church&States
		the definition of "church" and the "state" in this period; that is, the latter was formed in opposition to the former.
		Church and state after 1050 (n.b.: wealth of church the root of the problems).
		As nation states (France and England, but not Holy Roman Empire) developed and as culture was secularized (universities), their rulers could rely on loyalty of subjects [instead of the church] to confirm and to legitimize their authority.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~klio/wc05/23-ch&state.htm (1546 words)

	1st Amendment Separation of Church and State: Freedom of Religion and the Intent of our Founding Fathers
		[6] The church sanctifies the state, and the state proselytizes the church.
		He proposed a bill to the Virginia State Legislature in 1779 which was entitled "Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom."[26] The Bill asks the Assembly to adopt laws which would prohibit the government from coercing an established religion upon its citizens, and that no citizen shall be punished for their religious opinions or beliefs.
		Even in the event someone finds a long lost document written by Mason or Madison, that states that the separation of church and state is not a separation between religion and irreligion, it would not matter, because at this time the meaning of their original statements has changed.
	www.geocities.com /ldjandl/thesis/articles_dobbs_freedomofreligion.html (9319 words)

	Securing Church/State Separation,Religious Freedom & the Vote
		America was founded on the wall of separation between church and state as crucial for true democracy.
		Making church/state separation and religious freedom foundational issues of bedrock concern as to where our democracy is headed can be used as an endless wedge showing the authoritarian and really anti-American nature of those who oppose it.
		State by state partisan control of federal elections undermines the vote as the democratic leveler it is supposed to be (one person, one vote of equal value) and makes elections vulnerable to tampering.
	www.rit.org /editorials/sepchurchstate2.html (3774 words)

	Church and State
		The relationship of church and state, or religion and politics, mirrors the interplay of ecclesiastical and governmental institutions in society--- in the Judeo-Christian[sic] tradition, between religious officials and state authorities, and in the Islamic tradition, between the imam-caliphs and sultans.
		Historically discussions of church and state in the West have referred to the relationships between the formal institutions and leadership of the church and officials of the government.
		By defining the state purely as a "hangman," charged with establishing worldly peace through punishment of crime, and considering the church as primarily concerned with spiritual matters unrelated to politics, Luther effectively sundered the secular authority from the ecclesiastical and placed the church under the governance of the state.
	www.holysmoke.org /sdhok/separate.htm (1728 words)

	Journal of Church and State Spring 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It says that “Islam is the official religion of the state,”; but the state is obligated to guarantee the sanctity of all places of worship and to respect other religions.
		In Scheidler, three separate pro-life protest leaders and their affiliations were ordered to pay more than a quarter of a million dollars to two abortion clinics in the Chicago area as a result of their demonstrations outside of these clinics.
		Church leaders from the Christian Council of Zambia, the Evangelical Fellowship of Zambia, and the Zambia (Catholic) Episcopal Conference met with President Levy Mwanawasa and told him they were disappointed in his approving salary increases for government ministers and members of parliament.
	www3.baylor.edu /Church_State/journ2003Spring.htm (8431 words)

	Amazon.com: The Crisis of Church and State 1050-1300 (MART: The Medieval Academy Reprints for Teaching): Books: Brian ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Brian Tierney's THE CRISIS OF CHURCH AND STATE: 1050-1300 is an interesting study of the struggle between European secular rulers and the Catholic authroities for control of the "Universal Church" (the Catholic Church).
		One of the internal Catholic Church questions was that of reform and the relationship between the secular clergy and regular clergy.
		In the medieval era, the Church Militant was every bit a secular authority as well as a spirtual one, and the boundaries between church and state blurred.
	www.amazon.com /Crisis-Church-State-1050-1300-MART/dp/0802067018 (2222 words)

	Worshiping a Strange God
		In the United States, where capitalism asserts its power in a particularly unrestrained way, powerful people use the logic of separation of church and state to enforce a capitalist morality of self-interest and competition on the entire society.
		The Church, for the same reason, said it was a sin to "buy low and sell dear." [5] And while Jesus said to render unto Caesar what was Caesar’s, by the Middle Ages the Catholic Church was a power in Caesar’s as much as in the spiritual realm.
		The institutions of the Church (including its ecclesiastical courts with their claim to rule on matters of everyday life and business) were dismissed as not necessary, since according to Protestantism each individual had a direct relationship with God.
	www.newdemocracyworld.org /Revolution/Worshiping.Strange.God.htm (3770 words)

	church - Definitions from Dictionary.com
		The church visible "consists of all those throughout the world that profess the true religion, together with their children." It is called "visible" because its members are known and its assemblies are public.
		(See BAPTISM.) The church invisible "consists of the whole number of the elect that have been, are, or shall be gathered into one under Christ, the head thereof." This is a pure society, the church in which Christ dwells.
		The church to which the attributes, prerogatives, and promises appertaining to Christ's kingdom belong, is a spiritual body consisting of all true believers, i.e., the church invisible.
	dictionary.reference.com /browse/church (1512 words)

	The Liberty Papers »Blog Archive » What Separation Of Church And State Really Means
		The struggle for the church’s freedom in China reminds us that what the separation of church and state calls for is not a public conversation or social landscape from which God is absent or banished.
		Properly understood, the church and the state are neither enemies nor rivals, they are independent institutions, and the doctrine of separation allows both to exist in a way that is most beneficial for human liberty.
		Until only recently, the separation of church and state was considered a vital and non-negotiable principle of the Baptist denomination, which traces their roots back to the apostolic age.
	www.thelibertypapers.org /2007/03/26/what-separation-of-church-and-state-really-means (1118 words)

	Separation of Church and State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In this sense, therefore, the so-called "principle of separation of Church and State" appears as a political principle; for it is related to a political end.
		In this peculiarly American sense, the United States is a "lay" or "secular" state, and therefore "separate" from the Church; though in certain public acts it honors God.
		When they opposed, and oppose, "separation of Church and State" elsewhere, they opposed and oppose something quite different in principle—a "lay" state predicated on atheistic or agnostic principles, militantly aggressive in its opposition to religion, and deliberately contemptuous of the religious realities of an historic situation.
	www.georgetown.edu /users/jlh3/Murray/1946e.htm (2519 words)

	Ephilosopher :: Law & Politics Today :: Separation of Church & State
		Posted: Mar 23, 2005 - 01:11 PM An interesting observation about the separation of church and state in the west: I think those advocating (as baylorbear did above) the melding of church and state in contemporary america may not quite realize the implications of actually getting their wish: the melding of church and state.
		But I think that, at least in the United States, the notion of evangelical protestantism is not the same notion of what Locke meant by "Church," which was an institution with a governing hierarchy, even in protestant churches at the time.
		Hence, there is often no real "Church" as an organized institution in many cases, as there was (and still is to some degree) in europe, where the concept of separating church and state was born.
	www.ephilosopher.com /bb-topic-125.html (2386 words)

	Separation of Church and State - Liberal Values - Defending Liberty and Enlightened Thought
		In an interview, she said she told candidates not to use the phrase “separation of church and state,” which does not appear in the Constitution’s clauses forbidding the establishment or protecting the exercise of religion.
		The concept of separation of church and state is a fundamental principle upon which this nation was founded.
		Separation of Church and State is a fundamental principle upon which this nation was founded, and a fundamental liberal value today.
	liberalvaluesblog.com /?cat=10 (10956 words)

	Some Alternatives to Church-State Separation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Those states which claim to abolish the death penalty still retain it on the whole for crimes against the state.
		The major churches of any society are all maneuvering for power, so that their idea of lawful legislation will become predominant.
		In the Medieval Ages, they had to separate from the cities — statesmanship from the religious field — because people were corrupted at that time.
	www.church-state.org /alts.htm (4499 words)

	One Nation, Under...: Notes on the Founding Fathers and the Separation of Church and State.
		Even though those with a formal church membership constituted only a small fraction of the population, ideals and institutions were being moulded by their faith.
		Separation of church and state does not mean separation between politics and religion or politics and the Bible.
		As other states began to revise their constitutions in the post-Revolutionary period, they turned to the Massachusetts model for guidance, as did the framers of the United States Constitution.
	one.promoguy.net /archives/001316.php (11604 words)

	Separation [of Church and State] Has Its Roots in Anti-Catholicism, Authors Say
		One of the reasons for the rise of the medieval "Bishop Prince" was the struggle of the Church to keep itself free from the local King.
		Certainly, there were many times when the Church and the State worked together so closely that it did not appear that there was any difference between them, until one or the other would do something that made them go their separate ways, often in a very dramatic and violent manner.
		A month after Jefferson wrote the now infamous "separation of church and state" letter, he signed a treaty with the Kiskishka Indian tribe authorizing, among other things, funds for the construction of a Catholic Church on their reservation.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/799540/posts (3592 words)

	IRFWP News Pages: Constitutional Separation of Church and State?
		However, the constitution does NOT call for “separation of church and state.” Just because certain groups masquerading as protectors of civil liberties keep hammering this phrase, distorting both the spirit and actual content of the 1st amendment, that doesn’t make it true.
		It is a flagrant distortion to suggest that the First Amendment in any way implies a “separation” of Church and State when the words, the authors, and the cultural context all demonstrate that its purpose is to prevent an official “state church” and not to remove religious morality from government.
		It is intentionally worded to preserve religious freedom by preventing a singular established state church and preventing laws that would hamper the free exercise of religion.
	www.irfwp.org /content/archives/000193.shtml (712 words)

	Anti-Separation of Church and State Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		That slogan has nothing to do with churches, and really means "the separation of God and state." Our goal is to persuade you that America was intended to be a Christian nation.
		Most of the Founders' remarks used by atheists in our day to support the separation of religion and state were actually anti-clerical remarks designed to separate churches and state, and reduce competition between clergy.
		This means the government in America endorses Christianity, and the "separation of church and state" as it has become expressed in the "no-endorsement" test of the Supreme Court, is completely mistaken.
	members.aol.com /VFTfiles/A-T3.htm (952 words)

	Medieval America - Non-Denominational Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It took many generations to solidify the new symbiosis between church and state as all the factions tried to wrestle the law in their direction.
		Similarly, the state is relatively free from day to day interference by the church, and common criminals are judged and punished by the secular laws of the warlords.
		Geographically, the Church is conservative, being centrally administered by the Supreme Court in Washington, and locally adminstered by District Supervisors headquartered in the old state capitals.
	users.rcn.com /mwhite28/medvam/nondenom.htm (625 words)

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