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Topic: Separation processes

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	Class Definition for Class 95 - GAS SEPARATION: PROCESSES
		Process in which the flow of the fluid mixture to a sorber is stopped or the flow of the fluid mixture is switched to another sorber based upon the detected concentration or change therein; or process in which a sorbent is regenerated based upon the detected concentration or change therein.
		Process in which the plurality of gases is separated by the effect of centrifugal action which causes the gases to assume a rapid arcuate or circular movement, with this movement causing the constituents of the mixture to separate into more or less distinct layers, depending upon the density of the constituents.
		Process in which a plurality of gases containing a gas to be separated contacts a liquid barrier that is supported or immobilized in or on a porous medium, with the plurality of gases being separated because of the differential permeability of the liquid with respect to the gases.
	www.uspto.gov /go/classification/uspc095/defs095.htm (6151 words)

	Separation process - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In chemistry and chemical engineering, a separation process is the transform a mixture of substances into two or more compositionally-distinct products.
		Separation applications in the field of chemical engineering are very important.
		Separation processes can essentially be termed as mass transfer processes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Separation_of_mixture (482 words)

	Separation
		In magnetic separation, a magnetized medium such as magnetized steel wool is used to separate slightly magnetic radioactive particles from soil.
		Chemical leaching processes use weak acids such as vinegar to dissolve and wash the metals from the soil.
		Magnetic separation may leave a small suspension of radioactive materials in a slurry, which may be more difficult to remediate than the original soil contamination.
	www.cpeo.org /techtree/ttdescript/separatn.htm (574 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions about Solid-Liquid Separation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Solid-liquid separation is a manure treatment technology that separates a portion of the solids from liquid manures.
		Solid-liquid separation has been generally used in the last few years as a physical treatment process for animal manure, mainly for the improvement of its handling properties by taking coarse solids and fiber out of slurry.
		A basic requirement for the efficient separation of swine manure is the continuous agitation of the liquid that is to be processed.
	www.bae.umn.edu /extens/faq/sol_liqfaq.html (1215 words)

	4-50 Separation
		Separation processes seek to detach contaminants from their medium (i.e., ground water and/or binding material that contain them).
		Distillation is a chemical separations process involving vaporization and condensation that is used to separate components of varying vapor pressures (volatilities) in a liquid or gas stream.
		The ex situ separation process is used mainly as a pretreatment or post-treatment process to remove contaminants from waste water.
	www.frtr.gov /matrix2/section4/4-51.html (1139 words)

	Universal Industrial Gases, Inc...Air Separation Plant Technology - Producing Oxygen, Nitrogen, Argon
		These air separation process cycles have evolved in parallel with advances in compression machinery, heat exchangers, distillation technology and gas expander technology.
		Cryogenic processes are the most cost effective separation process for producing at high production rates and are capable of making the highest purity products (see System Optimization Guidelines).
		The portions of the cryogenic air separation process that operate at very low temperatures (the distillation columns, heat exchangers and cold interconnecting piping sections) must be well insulated to minimize energy consumption and avoid operating problems.
	www.uigi.com /compair.html (1308 words)

	Membrane Separation Processes - Technology and Business Opportunities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Its separation characteristics are determined by the nature of membrane material or pore size, and the mass transport rate is determined mainly by the skin thickness.
		Gas separation is thus affected by three key performance attributes of membranes, viz., selectivity towards the gases separated, membrane flux or permeability and the life of the membrane, maintenance and replacement costs.
		This means increasing the ionized fraction and then separating the feed liquor by reverse osrnosis into a retentate having an enhanced concentration of chemical in ionized form and a permeate, having a reduced concentration of chemical in ionized form relative to the feed liquor.
	www.tifac.org.in /news/memb.htm (6506 words)

	US EPA Pervaporation-based Separation Processes - Membrane Development, Clean Processes, Sustainability, Risk ...
		Separation of alcohol streams when contaminated by water at certain concentrations becomes difficult due to the formation of azeotropic mixtures which complicates the standard distillation process.
		The main component of the pervaporation process is the membrane material which determines the selectivity and hence the separation properties of the process.
		The two values used to define membrane performance are flux and selectivity; these two values are evaluated in a bench-scale pervaporation unit by varying the membrane type (i.e., changing the extent of ceramic content, type of cross linking agent in the membranes) feed temperature, flow-rate, concentrations, and permeate pressure.
	www.epa.gov /nrmrl/std/cppb/pervapor/pervaporationmembr.htm (474 words)

	Expert: Membrane Purification Processes, Separation Processes Expert
		Expert has investigated biochemical separation processes on both a fundamental level and as a consultant for major firms.
		He is particularly well-versed in membrane processes used in bioseparations such as ultrafiltration, microfiltration, and pervaporation.
		He is especially knowledgeable in using membrane processes for waste minimization and water reuse, and solvent and material recovery in various industries.
	www.intota.com /viewbio.asp?bioID=604043&perID=108352 (996 words)

	Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
		Separation processes are of major importance to these companies and this has led to active collaborations.
		The separation technique thus offers the advantage of product capture, feedstock clarification and product concentration in one step; examples include the recovery of recombinant human serum albumin from mammalian cell cultures and separation of cloned sialidase from E. coli fermentation broths.
		Experimental and theoretical studies includes the tailoring of adsorbents for specific separation problems, and the measurement of adsorption kinetics as well as single and multi-component adsorption isotherms.
	coewww.rutgers.edu /www3/cbe/Web2001/separation.html (304 words)

	4.20 Separation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Gravity separation is a solid/liquid separation process, which relies on a density difference between the phases.
		Physical separation is based on the fact that most organic and inorganic contaminants tend to bind, either chemically or physically, to the fine (i.e., clay and silt) fraction of a soil.
		Physical separation often precedes chemical extraction treatment based on the assumption that most of the contamination is tied to the finer soil fraction, which alone may need to be treated.
	www.frtr.gov /matrix2/section4/4_20.html (732 words)

	Universal Industrial Gases, Inc...Non-Cryogenic Air Separation
		Non-cryogenic air separation processes are used to produce gaseous nitrogen and oxygen.
		The PSA process is inherently a batch process, as the adsorbent bed requires periodic desorption.
		The process cycle is similar to that described above for PSA plants, except that vacuum blowers are used to reduce the desorption pressure.
	www.uigi.com /noncryo.html (1173 words)

	Transport Processes and Separation Process Principles (Includes Unit Operations) - PowerBookSearch! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In this text the principles of the transport processes are covered first, and then the separation processes (unit operations).
		A few topics, primarily those concerned with the processing of biological materials, may be omitted at the discretion of the reader or instructor; these include Sections 5.5, 6.4, 8.7, 9.11, and 9.12.
		If the reader has had courses in the transport processes of momentum, heat, and mass, Chapters 2-7 can be omitted and only the separation processes chapters in Part 2 studied in a one-semester or two-quarter course.
	www.powerbooksearch.com /booksearch013101367X.html (1411 words)

	Separation Processes
		Course Objectives: Although separations have been an integral part of chemical engineering education for many years, the recent emergence of new industries such as biotechnology and high-performance materials have significantly increased the demand for chemical engineers well schooled in the fundamentals of separation processes.
		The objective of this senior course is to familiarize the chemical engineering students with the fundamental principles of Separation Processes.
		However throughout the course, a wide variety of separation processes will be brought to the student?s attention to broaden the discussion.
	www.rpi.edu /dept/chem-eng/WWW/faculty/cramer/sp.htm (347 words)

	Handbook of Separation Process Technology
		Discusses the underlying principles on which the processes are based, and provides illustrative examples of the use of the processes in a modern context.
		Features thorough treatment of newer separation processes based on membranes, adsorption, chromatography, ion exchange, and chemical complexation.
		Includes a review of historically important separation processes such as distillation, absorption, extraction, leaching, and crystallization and considers these techniques in light of recent developments affecting them.
	www.knovel.com /knovel2/Toc.jsp?BookID=1055 (94 words)

	Gas separation: processes patents new
		20060191410 - Ngl trap-method for recovery of heavy hydrocarbon from natural gas: A pressure swing adsorption process for the separation of nitrogen and/or CO2 from natural gas utilizes two separate pressure swing adsorption stages, the first containing a hydrocarbon-selective adsorbent and the second containing a nitrogen- and/or CO2-selective adsorbent.
		There are a variety ways to browse Gas separation: processes patent applications on our website including browsing by date, agent, inventor, and industry.
		If you are interested in receiving occasional emails regarding Gas separation: processes patents we recommend signing up for free keyword monitoring by email.
	www.freshpatents.com /Gas-separation--processes-dtnewntc095.php (831 words)

	Separation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Gas separation membranes have emerged as a viable alternative to more mature technologies such as chemical absorption and cryogenic distillation.
		Multiple separation stages and recycle are required for demanding applications such as the separation of methane/carbon dioxide mixtures in natural gas treatment and enhanced oil recovery.
		Membrane systems currently are designed via a suboptimal procedure in which the permeator configuration is chosen by process heuristics and the operating conditions are determined using some type of optimization procedure.
	www.che.lsu.edu /control/Separation.html (501 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		The critical micelle concentration (CMC) value of these proteins was determined by surface tension measurements and was found to be dependent on the physicochemical characteristics of the protein molecule.
		Separation of BSA was carried out both in semi-batch and continuous operation mode.
		It was shown that higher enrichment (about twice that of semi-batch) is achievable if the process is operated continuously.
	www.bioline.org.br /abstract?id=au98036 (154 words)

	Energy Efficient Hybrid Separation Processes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		As energy costs rise, hybrid separation strategies-strategies that combine one or more separation techniques with distillation-are attracting attention as a means of saving energy.
		In this work, the energy efficiency of hybrid separation schemes is studied using the novel concept of shortest separation lines.
		Hybrid separation of acetic acid and water using extraction/distillation is used to show that the shortest separation lines correctly define the target extract compositions for the extractor and lead to the most energy efficient hybrid separations.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/iecred/asap/abs/ie060035t.html (187 words)

	CACHE TRC, Separation Processes
		Objective is to help senior chemical engineering students understanding the process of concentration movement in an adsorption column.
		All the processes included in this site are based on portions of actual experiments in the Widener Ch.
		Course Description: Theory, applications, design, and scale-up of separation processes that are mostly employed in the pharmaceutical and specialty-chemicals industry.
	www.che.utexas.edu /cache/trc/t_separate.html (119 words)

	Electromigration Separation Processes
		Polymeric continuous beds or monoliths, as packing materials for capillaries in CEC, enable to avoid the use of frits, that are often a source of irreproducibility or a cause of bubble formation.
		The advantage of these systems, compared to packed capillaries, is the possibility of variation of selectivity of the separation system by an easy modification of the composition of the background electrolyte.
		The theoretical investigations of physico-chemical properties enabling the separation of neutral analytes are based on models correlating linear free energies of separation systems, or other empirical models.
	www.natur.cuni.cz /~pmc/group.php?id=30 (1123 words)

	155: 423 Design of Separation Processes Fall 2001
		Course Description: The purpose of this course is to provide fundamental instruction on the mathematics and science associated with separation processes.
		This course will review techniques required to design the classical separation processes such as distillation, absorption and extraction.
		Educate students to structure and solve the problems arising in all chemical engineering industry related to design of separation processes.
	sol.rutgers.edu /staff/marianth/423_intr.html (290 words)

	LPT: Fluid Separation Processes
		The separation of fluids is one of the major cost factors in chemical engineering.
		Therefore the selection and design of separation units is a key issue for the reduction of plant and operating expenses.
		In process control the stability of the nonlinear process dynamics is analyzed.
	www.lpt.rwth-aachen.de /Research/FluidSeparations.php (262 words)

	PERMANENT - Industrial Processes - Magnetic Separation
		After grinding, the streams of material are put through magnetic fields to separate the nickel-iron metal granules from the silicate grains.
		They are all based on the same principle, and all use a provision for feed to run into and through the magnetic field and various means for discharging separately the magnetic and nonmagnetic portions.
		See also the PERMANENT section on electrostatic beneficiation, a similar process for separation of minerals based upon electrostatic, instead of magnetic, properties.
	www.permanent.com /i-magnet.htm (459 words)

	Membrane Separation Processes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Separations of liquids and gases are commonly accomplished using membrane separation methods which include dialysis, reverse osmosis, and ultrafiltration Hybrid and more exotic membrane methods that have also proven effective are electrodialysis, helium separation through glass, hydrogen separation through Palladium and alloy membranes, immobilized solvent and liquid-surfactant membranes.
		The driving force is achieve either by pressure or concentration difference across the membrane.
		In conjunction with conventional separation methods (such as using membranes to break azeotropic mixtures before feeding them to a distillation column).
	tristate.apogee.net /et/eptsmem.asp (134 words)

	Amazon.com: Synthetic Membranes and Membrane Separation Processes: Books: Takeshi Matsuura (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Membrane materials, membrane preparation, membrane structure, membrane transport, membrane module and separation design, and applications are discussed for each separation process.
		Explains the fundamental concept underlying the membrane separation process as thoroughly as possible.
		Membranes for industrial separation processes can be classified into the following groups according to the driving force that causes the flow of the permeant through the membrane.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0849342023?v=glance (661 words)

	Expert: Membrane Separation Processes Expert
		Since 1974, his avocation has been to apply these technologies in industries where their advantages of continuous operation and low energy utilization can be exploited.
		For processing and wastewater applications, he has the necessary test equipment available, as well as knowledge of all competitive and complimentary technologies.
		Expert is active in the engineering evaluation and design of water disinfection technologies, with particular emphasis on ozonation, ultraviolet irradiation, and other advanced oxidation technologies.
	www.intota.com /viewbio.asp?bioID=614541&perID=712443 (493 words)

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