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Topic: Sephardi Hebrew

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	Hebrew language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hebrew is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by 6 million people mainly in Israel, parts of the Palestinian territories, the United States and by Jewish communities around the world.
		While the term "Hebrew" as a nationality is customarily used to refer to the ancient Israelites, the classical Hebrew language was extremely similar to the Canaanite languages spoken by their neighbors, such as Phoenician ; indeed, Moabite and Hebrew are often considered to be two dialects of the same language.
		Sephardi Hebrew language is the basis of Standard Hebrew and not all that different from it, although traditionally it has had a greater range of phonemes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hebrew_language (3023 words)

	Encyclopedia: Hebrew language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Tiberian Hebrew is an oral tradition of pronunciation for ancient forms of Hebrew, especially the Hebrew of the Bible, that was given written form by masoretic scholars in the Jewish community at Tiberias in the early middle ages, beginning in the 8th century.
		The word Jew (Hebrew: ×™×”×•×“×™) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes.
		The Samaritan Hebrew language is a descendant of Biblical Hebrew as pronounced and written by the Samaritans.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Hebrew-language (7798 words)

	Sephardi Hebrew language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sephardi Hebrew language is an offshoot of Biblical Hebrew favored for liturgical use by Sephardi Jewish practice.
		When Eliezer ben Yehuda drafted his Standard Hebrew language, he based it on Sephardi Hebrew, believing it to be most beautiful of the Hebrew dialects.
		However, the phonology of Modern Hebrew is further constrained to that of Ashkenazi Hebrew, including the elimination of pharyngeal articulation and the conversion of /r/ from an alveolar flap to a voiced uvular fricative.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sephardi_Hebrew_language (134 words)

	Hebrew alphabet - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The number of letters in the Hebrew alphabet, their order, their names, and their phonetic values are virtually identical to those of the Aramaic alphabet, as both Hebrews and Arameans borrowed the Phoenician alphabet for their uses during the end of the 2nd millennium BC.
		The modern script used for writing Hebrew (usually called the Jewish script by scholars, and also traditionally known as the square script, or the Assyrian script), evolved during the 3rd century BC from the Aramaic script, which was used by Jews for writing Hebrew since the 6th century BC.
		The Hebrew alphabet was retained as the alphabet used for writing down the Hebrew language during its rebirth in the end of the 19th century, despite several unsuccessful attempts to replace it with the Latin alphabet.
	www.free-definition.com /Hebrew-alphabet.html (1434 words)

	Seroussi
		1978-1981 M.A. cum laude in Musicology, The Hebrew University in Jerusalem.
		1971-1974 B.A. cum laude in Musicology, The Hebrew University in Jerusalem.
		Jerusalem, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1995, 462 pp.
	www.princeton.edu /~rsimon/seroussi.html (2656 words)

	Sephardi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the vernacular of modern-day Israel, the word Sephardi has also come to include the immigrant Jewish communities that were indigenous to the various countries of the Near East, most notably those of the Yemen, Iraq and Iran who are now resident in Israel, and have no ancestral ties to Spain or Portugal.
		It is a Romance Language derived mainly from Old Castilian ( Spanish) and Sephardi Hebrew, and is often considered a dialect adjacent to modern Castilian â” the official language of Spain â” because of their intelligibility.
		In Amsterdam, where they were especially prominent in the seventeenth century on account of their number, wealth, education, and influence, they established poetical academies after Spanish models; two of these were the Academia de los Sitibundos and the Academia de los Floridos.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sephardi (1745 words)

	JRULM: Special Collections Guide: Hebrew Manuscripts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Hebrew MSS 1-34 were purchased by Mrs Rylands from Lord Crawford in 1901.
		Hebrew MSS 34-49 are miscellaneous manuscripts acquired between 1909 and 1952.
		In addition there are almost 10,600 fragments in Hebrew and Judaeo-Arabic from the Genizah of the Synagogue of Ben Ezra in Old Cairo, purchased from Dr Moses Gaster in 1954.
	rylibweb.man.ac.uk /data2/spcoll/hebrew (347 words)

	Jerusalem - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Sephardi Hebrew : יְרוּשָׁלַםִ, Arabic : القدس; al-Quds, see also names of Jerusalem) is an ancient Middle East ern city of key importance to the religion s of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
		Jews were forbidden to enter the city, but for a single day of the year, Tisha B'Av, (the Ninth of Av, see Hebrew calendar), when they could weep for the destruction of their city at the Temple's only remaining wall.
		Jews have always known and believed that in the heart of the Old City of Jerusalem, the Western Wall is the only "surviving" edifice of the Second Temple from the era of the Roman conquests.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /jerusalem.htm (7649 words)

	Ashkenazi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		''Ashkenaz'' is a traditional Hebrew languageHebrew/ word for Germany, and in particular to the area along the Rhine where the ''allemani'' tribe once lived (compare the French and Spanish words ''Allemagne'' and ''Alemania'', respectively, for Germany).
		Sephardi Jews, on the other hand, often name their children after the children's grandparents, even if those grandparents are still living.
		Kidnapped, beaten at knifepoint and told he would not leave his makeshift prison alive â” that was the punishment the family of Israel's Sephardi chief rabbi meted out to a 17-year-old youth who sought the attention of the rabbi's daughter, according to an indictment issued Tuesday.
	www.infothis.com /find/Ashkenazi (1238 words)

	The Sword of the Dove
		The Sephardi Jews excelled in their creativity of Purim songs, and this CD, based almost entirely on the materials collected by the late Isaac Levy, reflects such richness.
		This is especially true since the original recordings by Levy of the Sephardi informants are not available for verification;Therefore, Voice of the Turtle presents us with its reinterpretation of the Sephardi songs for Purim, many of which were lost from the memory of the Sephardi Jews of this generation.
		Perhaps the towering figure and the admiration for this poet in the folklore of the Sephardi Jews of North Africa are the reasons for the preservation of these texts in oral musical performances.
	www.geocities.com /votdove/Edwin.html (2230 words)

	Jewish Folklore in Israel-Misgav
		One of the main ventures of Misgav Yerushalayim is to trace the history of Sephardi and Oriental Jewry in various countries of dispersion since the expulsion from Spain.
		The collection was based on the premise that in order to understand the history of any community it is necessary to study the reciprocal influences and interrelationship between patterns of thought and philosophy on the one hand and historical events on the other.
		A collection of essays based on lectures given at the Second International Congress on the Study of Sephardi and Oriental Jewish Heritage in 1984, which marked the centennial of the death of Moses Montefiore.
	www.folklore.org.il /misgav.htm (1793 words)

	Hebrew The Original Language
		Hebrew was the language spoken by Yahweh to Adam, and the language used by the heavenly messengers conversing with mankind.
		Hebrew is still today the language of worship and is heard in the synagogues when prayer and Scripture is heard.
		Angels Spoke Hebrew in NT In examining the New Testament, we find again that when one was spoken to from the heavens, it was always in the Hebrew tongue.
	www.ynca.com /Mini%20Studies/hebrew_the_original_language.htm (3812 words)

	Sephardi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the vernacular of modern-day Israel, the word Sephardi has also come to include the immigrant Jewish communities that were indigenous to various other countries of the Near East now resident in Israel, most notably those of Yemen, Iraq and Iran, that have no ancestral ties to Spain or Portugal.
		The rabbis, who, in common with all the Sephardim, laid great stress on a pure and euphonious pronunciation of Hebrew, delivered their sermons in Spanish or in Portuguese: several of these sermons have appeared in print.
		Their thirst for knowledge, together with the fact that they associated freely with the outer world, led the Sephardim to establish new educational systems wherever they settled; they founded schools in which the Spanish language was the medium of instruction.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Sephardi (1482 words)

	JEWISH MUSIC INSTITUTE - Sephardi Music
		'Sephardi' (Hebrew for Spain) refers to the Jews who lived and flourished in the Iberian peninsula for many centuries, until they were expelled along with the Muslims, in 1492.
		Sephardi Jews took their language and musical traditions with them in to exile and absorbed other traditions from North Africa, the Eastern Mediterranean and countries in the Middle East where they settled.
		The lingua franca of Sephardi Jews was Ladino (or Judeo-Spanish) which was based on mediaeval Castilian and written in Hebrew script.
	www.jmi.org.uk /sephardimusic (186 words)

	The Institute of Jewish Studies - General (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This research is innovative in that it seeks to compile the earliest literature pertaining to deeds, and re-creates Saadya's work, the first of its kind, which, although lost for centuries, was used extensively by medieval writers, without reference.
		Grossman, A. (1998) From the legacy of Sephardi Jewry: The attitude towards the "killer wife" in the Middle Ages.
		Hacker, J.R. (1992) The Sephardi Diaspora in Muslim lands from the 16th to the 18th century.
	jewish.huji.ac.il /history/staff.htm (9216 words)

	Sephardi Mizrahi Studies Caucus Discussion List
		Sephardi Jews are those who consider themselves belonging to the Judeo-Spanish population group according to their historical-geographical region of origin.
		During the centuries after their expulsion from Spain in 1492, most of the Sephardi Jews settled in the countries of the Ottoman Empire such as Turkey, the Balkans and Palestine – as well as in the northern Africa.
		The fact that it was written in Hebrew letters (principally in the script attributed to Rashi) contributed to this fact.
	www.umass.edu /sephardimizrahi/past_issues/050515.html (2371 words)

	History of Eliezer Ben-Yehuda Hebrew
		As his health deteriorated, Ben-Yehuda entered the Rothschild Hospital in Paris, and there he met the Jerusalem scholar A. Lunz who spoke Hebrew to him in the Sephardi pronunciation, and told him that the members of the various Jewish communities in Jerusalem were able to converse with one another only in Sephardi Hebrew.
		The Hebrew living language must have Sephardi phonetic sounds because that was the pronunciation which served in the transliteration or biblical names in ancient and modern translations of the Bible.
		Hemda Ben-Yehuda mastered Hebrew quickly, published translations and original Hebrew stories in his periodicals, and wrote columns for his papers on everything from fashion to cooking to advice for love-struck maidens.
	www.levsoftware.com /history.htm (2022 words)

	Hebrew at Dartmouth/FAQ
		The use of the name Ivrit for Modern Hebrew was in fact a loud political statement, to the effect that Hebrew was no longer going to be a holy language of the synagogue and Cheder, but a secular modern language.
		The dominant Israeli or American Hebrew pronunciation, which is often called 'Sephardi', is just a DERIVATIVE of traditional Sephardi pronunciation, but without their characteristic guttural 'ayin' and 'chet'.
		Of all the pronunciations that have survived, by far the closest to ancient Hebrew is the Yemenite.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~damell/hebrew/faq.html (504 words)

	Rebuttal to Mohamed Ghounem : Is the Gospel Originally in Greek or Hebrew?
		Characteristic of Hebrew of all stages is the use of word roots consisting usually of three consonants, to which vowels and other consonants are added to derive words of different parts of speech and meaning.
		The Hebrew living language must have Sephardi phon etic sounds because that was the pronunciation which served in the transliteration or biblical names in ancient and modern translations of the Bible.
		I am NOT suggesting that the Hebrew Text underlying the LXX was itself a major substrate in the DSS; merely, that the various textual traditions at Qumran had knowledge of this strain of text.
	www.answering-islam.org /Responses/Ghounem/greek.htm (6999 words)

	Ashkenazi Hebrew language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The vowel şērê (/ē/) is always pronounced /ei/ in Ashkenazi Hebrew, where it would in some cases be pronounced /e/ in Modern Hebrew.
		The vowel qāmeş gādhôl (/ā/) is pronounced /o/ in Ashkenazi Hebrew, where it is /a/ in Modern Hebrew.
		Although Modern Hebrew was based on Sephardi Hebrew, the language as spoken in Israel is essentially Sephardi Hebrew constrained to Ashkenazi Hebrew phonology, including the elimination of pharyngeal articulation and the conversion of /r/ from an alveolar flap to a voiced uvular fricative or trill.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/ashkenazi_hebrew_language (291 words)

	SHALOM SYNAGOGUE OF THE SEPHARDI HEBREW CONGREGATION OF ZIMBABWE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		SHALOM SYNAGOGUE OF THE SEPHARDI HEBREW CONGREGATION OF ZIMBABWE
		The interior of the Sha'are Shalom Synagogue of the Sephardi Hebrew Congregation of Zimbabwe, which was consecrated in 1958 at a ceremony attended by the Haham, Rabbi Dr. Salamon Gaon, Chief Rabbi of the Sephardi Congregations of the British Common- wealth.
		Philip Hasson, with the Rev. Leon Mayo as its Gabbai, and Messers Jacques Hasson and Leon Hanan as assistant Gabbais.
	www.sefarad.org /publication/lm/046/0.html (182 words)

	EVEN-ZOHAR: EMERGENCE OF A NATIVE HEBREW CULTURE
		In modern Hebrew, it means immigrating to (the Land of) Israel.
		Hebrew as a spoken language or that Eliezer Ben Yehuda was con-
		Hebrew man/woman" and the subsequent adoration of the native-
	www.ifrance.com /itamarez/ps/hebcult.html (6637 words)

	Sephardi - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		In the vernacular of modern-day Israel, the word Sephardi has also come to include the immigrant Jewish communities that were indigenous to the various countries of the Near East, most notably those of the Yemen, Iraq and Iran whom are now resident in Israel, and have no ancestral ties to Spain or Portugal.
		Note that the term Nusach Sepharad does not refer to the liturgy generally recited by Sephardim, but rather to an alternative European liturgy used by many Chassidim.
		For a long time the Sephardim took an active part in Spanish literature ; they wrote in prose and in rhyme, and were the authors of theological, philosophical, belletristic (aesthetic art writing rather than content based writing), pedagogic (teaching), and mathematical works.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Sephardi (1616 words)

	Adam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		According to the Book of Genesis of the Bible, Adam ( Tiberian Hebrew אדם ’Ādhām "Dust; mankind", Sephardi Hebrew Ådåm, Ashkenazi Hebrew Odom, IsraeliHebrew Adam) was the first man created by God.
		Adam's mate, Eve ( Tiberian Hebrew חוה Ħawwāh "Living", Sephardi Hebrew Ħavåh, Ashkenazi Hebrew Chavoh, Israeli Hebrew Hava), was either created from his rib (Gen. 2.21-22), or created at thesame time (Gen. 1.27) as Adam, depending on which part of Genesis is read and how it is interpreted.
		Depending on which traditionis believed, she may or may not have been the first woman or Adam's firstwife.
	www.therfcc.org /adam-6831.html (1120 words)

	Oxford University Press: The Joys of Hebrew: Lewis Glinert
		The first such guide to Hebrew, this volume is more than a mere lexicon--it is a jubilant celebration of Hebrew itself, a treasure trove of Jewish wit, wisdom, culture, and tradition.
		This celebration of Hebrew language and culture is a joy to read and to use.
		The author of The Grammar of Modern Hebrew and editor of Hebrew in Ashkenaz: A Language in Exile, he has written and broadcast widely on the sociology and linguistics of Hebrew and Yiddish, including two BBC documentaries, "Tongue of Tongues" and "Golem".
	www.oup-usa.org /isbn/0195074246.html (391 words)

	Judaism and Jewish Resources - Andrew Tannenbaum
		Full Hebrew text of the Tanach, Talmud Bavli, and Talmud Yerushalmi is available from Snunit at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem for web browsing.
		ORT provides the Torah in Hebrew with vowels and ta'amim, in hand-written-style script, transliterated into Roman letters, RealAudio cantillation, and Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan's Living Torah English translation and light commentary.
		The National Center for the Hebrew Language in New York is an American advocate for the Hebrew language.
	www.shamash.org /trb/judaism.html (7670 words)

	BAYT Hebrew Calendar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Welcome to the BAYT Hebrew (Jewish) Calendar page.This form generates a calendar month with all the corresponding hebrew dates, jewish holidays, parsha readings, omer counts, and candlelighting and havdala times.
		The Ashkenazi pronunciation of hebrew is a bit different than Sephardi pronunciation.
		The calendar can only be used from the year 1 C.E. onward and loses its accuracy after the year 2999 C.E. The times that are calculated are based on sunset times.
	www.bayt.org /calendar (897 words)

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