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	Sephardi Jews - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Among the Sephardim were many who were the descendants, or heads, of wealthy families and who, as Marranos, had occupied prominent positions in the countries they had left.
		For a long time the Sephardim took an active part in Spanish literature; they wrote in prose and in rhyme, and were the authors of theological, philosophical, belletristic (aesthetic rather than content based writing), pedagogic (teaching), and mathematical works.
		Their thirst for knowledge, together with the fact that they associated freely with the outer world, led the Sephardim to establish new educational systems wherever they settled; they founded schools in which the Spanish language was the medium of instruction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sephardim (4936 words)

	Sephardim
		The conditions in these camps were very bad and it was difficult for the newcomers to work their way out of the lower rung of Israeli society because they had less education than the established Ashkenazic community.
		Today, tensions remain between Ashkenazim and Sephardim in Israel because of the poor treatment the latter received and the long, difficult road Sephardic Jews have had to travel to approach parity in society.
		Sephardim also use a different cantillation for reading the Torah and different melodies for prayers.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Judaism/Sephardim.html (1930 words)

	Sephardim - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Sephardim, Spanish and Portuguese Jews, or their descendants.
		For some 2,500 years Jews have continued to live outside the land of Israel.
		The two main groupings of Jews are Ashkenazim and Sephardim.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Sephardim.html (89 words)

	Where have all Sephardim gone?
		The 80- or 90-year-old residents of the home, who were born in Europe, are among the last Sephardim in America to have a full command of Ladino and to have kept a complete knowledge of their ancestors' traditions.
		Sephardim who immigrated to America in the beginning of the 20th century were never capable of uniting and preserving their identity.
		"Sephardim are unsure and hesitant when it comes to giving or lending artifacts to museums," she says, adding that they don't want to give away the last testimonies of their past.
	www.sefarad.org /publication/lm/036/6.html (4561 words)

	Sephardim - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		SEPHARDIM [Sephardim], one of the two major geographic divisions of the Jewish people, consisting of those Jews whose forebears in the Middle Ages resided in the Iberian Peninsula, as distinguished from those who lived in Germanic lands, who came to be known as the Ashkenazim (see Ashkenaz).
		Those Sephardim who were forced to convert to Christianity during the period lasting from the 1391 massacres in Spain to the 1497 forced baptisms in Portugal, and who secretly maintained a Jewish life, were given the pejorative title of Marrano [pig] by the Christian populace.
		A Livornese "port Jew" and the Sephardim of the Ottoman Empire.(Judeo-Spanish literature)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/S/Sephardi.asp (485 words)

	Home Page Sephardim Hope International
		Sephardim Hope International is a benevolent international non-profit organization formed to bring the message of the Sephardic Jews from Spain to the awareness of the Christian Church and the world.
		Sephardim Hope International is also a support to the nation of Israel working in partnership with other organizations bringing aid and comfort to Jerusalem, Israel and the Jewish people.
		Sephardim Hope International functions as a “bridge” in the Christian community and the Jewish Community to bring this message of hope and survival of our people.
	www.sephardimhope.org /default.asp (390 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Sephardim (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Sephardim SEPHARDIM [Sephardim], one of the two major geographic divisions of the Jewish people, consisting of those Jews whose forebears in the Middle Ages resided in the Iberian Peninsula, as distinguished from those who lived in Germanic lands, who came to be known as the Ashkenazim (see Ashkenaz).
		Jews JEWS [Jews] [from Judah ], traditionally, descendants of Judah, the fourth son of Jacob, whose tribe, with that of his half brother Benjamin, made up the kingdom of Judah; historically, members of the worldwide community of adherents to Judaism.
		Sephardim 101: Fifth Sephardic Film Festival surveys the cultural landscape of Morocco and beyond.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/11698.html (337 words)

	Sephardim and Crypto-Judaism: Definition of Terms and Brief History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Spanish Jews are called Sephardim; the singular is "Sephardi." The Hebrew "sephardi" or "sepharadi" refers either to a single Spanish Jew, or is used as an adjective meaning pertaining to the Sephardim.
		The exact number of Jews who left Spain and Portugal at the end of the fifteenth century is debated by scholars, but may be estimated at several hundred thousand, significant enough to enable Sephardim to establish their own congregations in such places as Morocco, Italy, Egypt, the Ottoman Empire, the Land of Israel, and elsewhere.
		In many places the Sephardim, with their energy, resources, training and vitality, quickly took a leading role in local Jewish cultural and religious life.
	www.du.edu /~sward/sephardim.html (1628 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Jewish History and the Sephardim (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		A new political situation has surfaced in Israel in recent years with the rise of the Sephardim-a term referring to Jews from the lands along the Mediterranean littoral and the Middle East, including the Muslim countries-to a majority position in Israeli life.
		...Perhaps the first thing that needs to be borne in mind in considering the Sephardim is the fact that from the close of the biblical period and almost until the dawn of the modern era, theirs was in effect the dominant position in Jewish life...
		...A NEW political situation has surfaced in Israel in recent years with the rise of the Sephardim-a term referring to Jews from the lands along the Mediterranean littoral and the Middle East, including the Muslim countries -to a majority position in Israeli life...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V75I5P41-1.htm (4486 words)

	Hidden Jewish Heritage: Exploring a Path to Return
		As this information has been revealed there has been a desire from these descendants of Hidden Jews to reconnect to their Jewish roots and to truly understand what it means to be Jewish.
		To facilitate this process, B’nai Sephardim of Colorado is hosting a symposium to help foster the return of Hispanos to their Jewish heritage.
		B'nai Sephardim of Colorado is committed to bringing together the descendants of Hidden Jews through education, community outreach, and advocacy.
	www.prweb.com /releases/2006/8/prweb427385.htm (419 words)

	Amazon.ca: Farewell Espana: the World of the Sephardim Remembered: Books: Howard M. Sachar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Sachar (A History of the Jews in America, LJ 7/92) has written a history of the Sephardim (Iberian Jews) that illuminates the personalities and achievements of those doyens of the Jewish world.
		The Sephardim were an important element of Moorish society, serving as artisans, doctors, and government employees.
		The year 1492 saw the conquest of Grenada, the voyage of Columbus, and the expulsion of the Sephardim from Spain.
	www.amazon.ca /Farewell-Espana-World-Sephardim-Remembered/dp/0679738460 (595 words)

	History of Sephardim in New Jersey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The descendants of these Jews were the first Sephardim to find their way to America and for the next century and a half, small numbers of them founded Jewish communities in New York, Newport, Savannah and Charleston.
		The second wave of Sephardim to enter the United States was at the turn of the 20th century.
		It is this group of Sephardim that founded most of the Sephardic institutions that exist today, including the Sephardic community of New Brunswick and Highland Park.
	home.earthlink.net /~etzahaim/ceajhist.html (1127 words)

	Wandering Thoughts on the Sephardim and Their Language, Ladino
		I found this sensitivity to the Sephardim and to Ladino typical of the other works I studied, and since there is so much unanimity among the scholars, I shall limit my references to Sr.
		However, the Sephardim have been able to pass on to their descendants their mother tongue, whereas we Ashkenazis (Yiddish speakers) began to lose our mother tongue with the first-born generation in the United States.
		As I continued to study the literature of the Sephardim and the scholarly commentaries on their works, there grew an image of them in my mind, an image of their place and their significance in Spanish history.
	dartmouth.edu /~library/Library_Bulletin/Apr1990/LB-A90-Levenson.html (3224 words)

	A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SEPHARDIM OF CURAÇAO
		Historically, the Sephardim together with the Protestant administrators and land owners, constituted the elite of the island.
		The regional trading and commodities and manufactures in which the Sephardim occupied a dominant position, required shipping and the Jews of Curaçao were soon engaged in ship building ship owning, and ship chandelling, As early as 1674, Sephardic Jews were sailing in regional waters.
		A superstition, widely held by the Curaçao Sephardim is that of preserving (from one year to the next) a small piece of the ‘simurim» « a piece of matzah blessed during the Haggadah ritual), carefully wrapped in tissue.
	www.sefarad.org /publication/lm/042/2.html (4651 words)

	Sephardic genealogy at Sephardim.com
		Many of the SEPHARDIM left Spain after conversion because life as a "new Christian" or Marrano was not as promised.
		It should also be noted that many Sephardim who left the Iberian Peninsula and practiced Judaism, changed their names and used aliases to protect their families who remained in Spain and Portugal.
		The names of the Sephardim (and their residences) mentioned were, sometimes, involved with the inquisition.
	www.sephardim.com (3497 words)

	Amazon.ca: Sephardim: The Jews from Spain: Books: Paloma Dias-Mas,Paloma Diaz-Mas,George K. Zucker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The Sephardim are a minority within the Jewish community, descendants of Jews expelled from Spain in 1492 who retain the Spanish language into this century.
		The author begins with an outline of Jewish beliefs and practices but does not make clear which references are to Sephardim specifically.
		Sephardim is an authoritative and completely accessible investigation of the history and legacy of this amazing people.
	www.amazon.ca /Sephardim-Jews-Spain-Paloma-Dias-Mas/dp/0226144844 (387 words)

	Broder's Rare and Used Books Your Jewish Bookstore on the Internet
		Sephardim Theology/Religion Jews Jewry Judaism Jewry Jews Sephardic.
		The author describes a spiritual portrait of the Sephardic Jews influenced by the Golden Age of Spain and the Mystics of the 15th century.
		Sephardim Sephardim Sephardic Jewish Judiaca Jew Jews Jewry Jewish religion Jerusalem.
	members.aol.com /bookssss/sephardimbooks.html (2580 words)

	The Sephardim in England
		The Jews came to England in 1657 at the time of Oliver Cromwell, and the Bevis Marks Synagogue was built in 1701.
		This is the first Sephardi school opened by Sephardim in 100 years.
		Everyone in the community is important, and although we have to look after everybody in the community, if we want a future, we have to devote our energies to the young.
	www.dangoor.com /70011.html (1400 words)

	Ottoman Sephardic Genealogy: An Introduction
		Sephardim: Ladino speaking Jews whose ancestors lived on the Iberian peninsula prior to the 1492 Expulsion.
		Version 1.0 of this Introduction covers resources, tools, and techniques for Sephardim living in those regions of the Ottoman Empire comprising the Balkans, western Turkey ("Turkey-in-Europe", and the western coast of Anatolia) and the Aegean Islands.
		Many of the illustrated items, understandably, are not described for their utility to genealogical research, but for their artistic or stylized characteristics.
	www.sephardicstudies.org /cal.html (2288 words)

	The Sephardim of England
		The Jewish community was established by Sephardim in England, and over the years attracted many Marranos from Spain and Portugal, trying to flee the Inquisition.
		There were Ashkenazi refugees from Poland and Germany who were helped by the Sephardim, but the Sephardim remained the dominant section of British Jewry for over a hundred years, with names such as Montefiore, Disraeli, Mocatta, Lindo and Da Costa.
		It was not until the 19th century that a flood of refugees from Poland and Eastern Europe changed the demographic composition of British Jewry, and Ashkenazi families, such as the Rothschilds became prominent.
	www.sephardicstudies.org /uk.html (611 words)

	Songs of the Sephardim<
		As they settled in communities around the world, Sephardim relied on ballads to help preserve their memories of Spain.
		In studying the ballad tradition, Armistead has particularly enjoyed discovering that the tradition is eclectic and far from frozen in the Middle Ages.
		Little attention was directed to material the Sephardim may have acquired after their exile from the diverse peoples among whom they lived."
	www.neh.gov /news/humanities/2000-03/sephardim.html (1964 words)

	Sephardim \| Jews of Sepharad \| Sephardi \| Sephardic Jews \| Questia.com Online Library
		Sephardim in the Americas: Studies in Culture and History » Read Now
		Sephardim in the Americas STUDIES IN CULTURE AND HISTORY...darkness of the Shoah and the light of liberation with Sephardim from the Greek community of Saloniki AJP To the...
		The cultural interplay between Sephardim and Ashkenazim is rich and complex:...
	www.questia.com /library/religion/sephardim.jsp (505 words)

	HistoryLink Essay:Seattle Sephardim: Early Beginnings
		Until 1906, when there were enough Sephardim in Seattle to form a minyan (quorum needed for prayer service), the first Sephardim participated in the Orthodox Ashkenazi services at Bikur Cholim.
		Upon arriving in Seattle, the first thing he did was go to the waterfront and breathe the air deeply.
		Sephardim from Constantinople and Rodesto joined those from Rhodes and Marmara.
	www.historylink.org /essays/printer_friendly/index.cfm?file_id=864 (1224 words)

	Sephardim and their History
		Today the distinction between Sephardim and Ashkenazim is primarily one of differing traditions due to their backgrounds.
		However it is an Orthodoxy that encompasses the entire spectrum of Sephardim, with obviously some Sephardim more religious than others, and possibly due to its Moorish exposure and free thinking Jewish philosophers such as Maimonides (see later) it is usually, in practice if not in dogma, often less rigid than one would expect.
		Not all those known today as Sephardim have ancestors who lived in Spain and they too have equally fascinating histories of their own which I will get into if I have the time to do so.
	www.orthohelp.com /geneal/SEPH_who.HTM (2213 words)

	Alibris: Sephardim
		From the late fifteenth century onward, in exile from their Spanish and Portuguese homelands, the Sephardim made their mark as viziers and intimate advisers of Ottoman sultans, as vastly esteemed physicians of Renaissance dukes and popes, and as dynamic importers and exporters in the Dutch maritime traffic.
		The expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492 gave rise to a series of rich, diverse diasporas that were interconnected through a common vision and "joie de vivre.
		The exodus took these Sephardim to other European countries; to North Africa, Asia Minor, and South America; and, eventually, to the American colonies.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/subject/Sephardim (1107 words)

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