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	Sepphoris By James F. Strange
		Sepphoris suffered from the destruction caused by the civil war between Herod the Great and his archrival Matthias Antigonus.
		Josephus also claims that Sepphoris was the "strongest city in Galilee," an observation of a military man and, therefore, to be taken seriously.
		Sepphoris was known to the Roman world from the second century CE by its Roman name, Diocaesarea.
	www.bibleinterp.com /articles/sepphoris.htm (1676 words)

	Archaeological World in Roman & Greek period (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Sepphoris is mentioned for the first time in the days of the Hashmonean king Alexander Yannai (103 B.C.E.), Although a few remains from the first Temple period (8-7 cent.
		In 55 B.C.E. Gabinius, provencial governor of Syria, declared Sepphoris the capital of the Galilee District.
		The role played by Sepphoris in the Bar Kokhba Revolt (132-135 C.E.) is unclear, but during that time its name was changed to Diocaesarea, the Jewish leadership was ousted, and a Gentile administration appointed.
	www.archaeology-classic.com /israel_e/Sepphoris.html (1904 words)

	Sepphoris
		A few miles north of Nazareth was Sepphoris, in the region of Galilee and the largest city in Palestine outside of Jerusalem.
		For many years Sepphoris was the capital of the king of Palestine and the Roman military had the army stationed there.
		Sepphoris burned to the ground and the population sold as slaves.
	latter-rain.com /background/sepp.htm (307 words)

	Sepphoris - Text Only
		Continuing archaeological excavations at Sepphoris are yielding evidence of a sophisticated urban culture that places Jesus in a radically different environment that challenges traditional assumptions about his life and ministry.
		The hill of Sepphoris may be seen 3 miles north, rising four hundred feet from the valley floor.
		The wealth of Sepphoris was largely based on the rich agricultural lands within the Bet Netofa Valley which stretched north of the city.
	www.webedelic.com /church/seppt.htm (1823 words)

	Sepphoris
		Jonathan Reed, lead archaeologist at the Palestine site of Sepphoris is speaking at the LaVerne's Auditorium.
		Excavating Jesus, focusing on biblical archaeology, seeks to redefine the historical figures of the bible in a scientific manner.
		Sepphoris, a long abandoned Jewish settlement on the Sea of Galilee, is important to archaeology - and all that it represents; religion, culture, history and future - because it is a representation of a Roman-ruled town from the time of Jesus.
	www.notesfromtheroad.com /desertsouthwest/desertsouthwestlakabul.htm (273 words)

	TFBA - Directory of Projects: Sepphoris in Galilee
		According to one rabbinic text, Sepphoris was one of the cities fortified by Joshua during the conquest of Canaan.
		Though excavations have not revealed evidence of a city from this earliest period, excavations have revealed that Sepphoris was a walled city as early as the Hellenistic period (around 200 BCE), and it was a regional center at the crossroads of major trade routes during the Roman period.
		Sepphoris was within easy walking distance of Nazareth, and such a massive and long-term building project would have provided much work for the family trade, workers of wood and stone.
	www.tfba.org /projects.php?projectid=11 (619 words)

	Sepphoris - Walking in Their Sandals - location profile
		It was situated on the well-traveled highway that connected the port of Ptolemais, seventeen miles to the northwest, and the Sea of Galilee.
		Sepphoris boasted a 4,000-seat amphitheater, built into the eastern side of the hill, probably while Jesus was a teenager.
		According to tradition, Sepphoris was the home of Joachim and Anna, the parents of Mary, the mother of Jesus.
	www.ancientsandals.com /overviews/sepphoris.htm (685 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2002.06.25
		Sepphoris was, to an extent, a bastion of rabbinic networks in late antiquity and its Jewish community was evidently both prosperous and, one would expect, 'mainstream' or 'normative' (in rabbinic terms).
		In the synagogue of Sepphoris the central panel of the floor mosaic features the zodiac with the chariot of the sun, in itself not an uncommon sight in Palestinian synagogues of Late Antiquity.
		She suggests that the Sepphoris mosaic was "attuned to synagogue literature and probably directed not only to the pagan population of Sepphoris but also to the growing influence of Christianity in Palestine" (p.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2002/2002-06-25.html (3852 words)

	Kelsey Museum of Archaeology: Exhibitions
		Described by the Jewish historian Josephus Flavius as "the ornament of all Galilee," Sepphoris was a thriving provincial capital where Jews, pagans, and later Christians coexisted in relative harmony.
		In the Roman and Byzantine periods, Sepphoris was a leading center of Jewish scholarship and culture, richly attested in literature.
		"Sepphoris in Galilee: Crosscurrents of Culture" was organized by the North Carolina Museum of Art as part of its participation in the Israel/North Carolina Cultural Exchange.
	www.umich.edu /~kelseydb/Exhibits/Sepphoris/Press_release.html (480 words)

	Sepphoris -- A City Set On A Hill
		Sepphoris was the center of government selected by Herod Antipas for the district of Galilee after his father, Herod the Great, died.
		Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and the leaven of Herod.’;"
		The place of Sepphoris in the life of Jesus is suppositional, but not unreasonable, considering the proximity of Sepphoris to Nazareth, and the occupation of Jesus’ father Joseph as a carpenter.
	www.heraldmag.org /literature/arch_1.htm (1316 words)

	from jesus to christ: jesus many faces: the surprises of sepphoris
		Sepphoris was known as the jewel of the Galilee.
		Sepphoris was a city that existed already in Hellenistic times, first, second century BCE.
		I think the beginnings of Jewish culture in Sepphoris, as we can reconstruct them now from archaeology in the first century, might be characterized as upscale, living very much as some of the Jews from Jerusalem might have lived at the same time in the Jewish quarter.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/jesus/sepphoris.html (1075 words)

	Israel Now
		Now a national park, Sepphoris was continuously inhabited from the late sixth century B.C. until 1948, when the population of the Arab village of Saffuriyeh fled en masse as the newly created Israel Defense Forces invaded during the War of Independence.
		Sepphoris is testimony to the repeated invasions, infiltrations, and displacements that have lent the Middle East—geographic Palestine in particular—its distinctive feature of discontinuity, especially by comparison with such aged and revered regions as India and China.
		Sepphoris remained an outpost of rabbinical scholarship and Jewish culture for almost 400 years after Rabbi Yehudah's death, as evinced by the remains of a sixth-century Byzantine synagogue with a magnificent mosaic floor.
	www.theatlantic.com /doc/200001/kaplan-israel/2 (3554 words)

	Interpreting an Ancient Mosaic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Discovered in 1993 on the floor of a fifth-century synagogue in the city of Sepphoris, the mosaic and its interpretation shed new light on the beliefs of an ancient Jewish community in Galilee.
		Ancient literary sources reveal that Sepphoris also contained many synagogues during the first several hundred years A.D. The first one, discovered in 1993, contained the magnificent mosaic that is being exhibited around the world.
		Subsequently, Sepphoris was for Judaism a center of Jewish scholarship and intellectual life and for Christianity a place vital to understanding the context of Jesus' ministry and the development of Christianity in the region.
	www.carnegiemuseums.org /cmag/bk_issue/1998/sepoct/feat3.htm (1141 words)

	Can Archaeology Uncover Eschatology?
		Sepphoris lies in the heart of Galilee, perched on a hill "like a little bird," from which it gets it name (Zippori is Hebrew for bird).
		Furthermore, all excavations of Sepphoris at the first-century layer have revealed its citizens were primarily Jewish, and its rich villas kept kosher in how they ate.
		Instead of a pagan Roman city like Caesarea, Sepphoris was a cosmopolitan Jewish city, comprised of a large priestly component that assimilated Hellenistic forms and fashions into their urban lives.
	www.jaygary.com /archaeology.shtml (3832 words)

	Caesar's Messiah by Joseph Atwill
		Significantly, it is not as large as the nearby city of Sepphoris.
		Medieval Christians revered Sepphoris as the birthplace of Saint Ann and Mary the mother of Jesus.
		Sepphoris was rebuilt around 4 BCE after the death of Herod the Great and Tiberius was built as its rival, and almost replacement around say 19-20 of the Common Era.
	www.insmkt.com /supportingjoe.htm (2119 words)

	Sepphoris
		Herod's son Antipas reconstructed Sepphoris as a model Roman city, renaming it Autocratoris in honor of the emperor Augustus.
		The extent of the Romanization of Sepphoris was dramatized by the fact that the city refused to join the great Jewish revolt against Rome [66 CE].
		The Mishna was published at Sepphoris and it remained a center of rabbinic teaching clear down to 363 CE when it suffered a major earthquake.
	virtualreligion.net /iho/sepphoris.html (509 words)

	USF Excavations at Sepphoris (long) (fwd)
		Sepphoris was first excavated for one season in 1931 by the University of Michigan.
		Sepphoris remained a loyal Roman city of largely Jewish population through the First and Second Jewish Revolts against Rome.
		Your expenses incurred within the provisions of a "volunteer worker" in the Excavations at Sepphoris may be eligible as a deduction from your Federal Income Tax.
	orion.mscc.huji.ac.il /orion/archives/1997a/msg00050.html (1105 words)

	The Glass from Sepphoris
		R. Johanan, who was born in Sepphoris, was for most of his life, the head of the academy at Tiberius.
		To pursue this further, and thus consider again the possibility of a 'Sepphoris' connection, let us consider Weinberg's observation that the Jalame factory was in no sense a pioneer establishment; "the glassblowers certainly worked elsewhere before and they and their successors probably continued to work at other places after leaving Jalame." (Weinberg, p.
		It certainly seems conceivable that with the possible destruction of the market at Sepphoris in 351, and the establishment of the glass factory at Jalame during the same year, glassware workers may have moved on to pursue their livelihood.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Archaeology/glass.html (2551 words)

	Sepphoris (BiblePlaces.com)
		Josephus said Sepphoris was the largest city in Galilee and an exceptionally strong fortress at the time of the First Revolt in 66 A.D. The people of Sepphoris supported Vespasian in the Jewish Revolt, surrendering to the Romans and thus preventing the destruction of the city (War III.2.4).
		Sepphoris was rebuilt and fortified after Galilee came under the rule of Herod Antipas.
		Sepphoris (The Bible and Interpretation) Excellent article by James F. Strange that synthesizes the historical and archaeological data relating to Sepphoris.
	www.bibleplaces.com /sepphoris.htm (671 words)

	Jesus and the Forgotten City : New Light on Sepphoris and the Urban World of Jesus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The title says it all: this book is about a city called Sepphoris that was about an hour's walk from Nazareth and postulates whether Jesus grew up in a much more urbanized setting than is usually depicted when conjuring up images of Jesus' everyday life.
		Sepphoris in the first century is described as "the ornament of all Galilee, its capital and its largest and most ornate city, and at that time second only to Jerusalem in importance in all Palestine" (p 14).
		Archaeological evidence in the area seems to point to a much different overall setting for Jesus' early life than we are used to hearing for it is pretty hard to believe that a city of that size and that proximity would have no influence on the inhabitants of Nazareth.
	philologos.org /guide/books/batey.richard.htm (180 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Diocaesarea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		During the Crusades Sepphoris played an important role, though only the necropolis was occupied by a Frankish garrison.
		The springs, at half an hour's distance southwest of the town, were naturally the site where the Christian armies awaited the coming of the Saracens from beyond the Jordan, thus King Guy of Lusignan encamped there before the battle of Hattin, which caused the loss of Palestine (July, 1187).
		Today Sefourieh, as it is now called, is inhabited by 3000 fanatic Mussulmans; there are preserved the ruins of the former acropolis, a high tower, two synagogues, the beautiful church of Sts.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04798b.htm (547 words)

	JewishGates.Com - The Definitive Source for Talmudic Learning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Abba said in the name of R.Yochanan: If one was walking on the eve of Sabbath in Tiberias, or at the conclusion of Sabbath in Sepphoris, and smelled an odor [of spices], he does not say a blessing, because the probability is that they are being used only to perfume garments.
		It was said of R. Eliezer that he sat and studied Torah in the lower market of Sepphoris while his linen cloak lay in the upper market of the town.
		R. Judah observed: It actually happened with the water-channel which flowed from Abel to Sepphoris that water was drawn from it on the Sabbath on the authority of the Elders.
	www.jewishgates.com /file.asp?File_ID=869 (763 words)

	Tzippori
		The first historical evidence we find is in Josephus' "Antiquities" (13, 338), where Sepphoris is mentioned in connection with the unsuccessful attempt by Ptolemy Lathyrus son of Cleopatra the ruler of Egypt, to capture the city during the reign of the Hasmonean King, Alexander Jannaeus (103-70 B.C.E.).
		Gabinius, the Roman Proconsul, divided the former Hasmonean Kingdom into five districts and declared Sepphoris the capital of Galilee, perhaps because it was already the most important city in the area.
		The role of Sepphoris during the First Jewish Revolt against Rome is rather confused; the people of the town refused to join the rebels and signed a pact with the Roman army, opening the gates of the city to Vespasian in 67 C.E., thus averting the destruction of their city.
	www.jafi.org.il /education/noar/sites/Tzipor.htm (2780 words)

	New Page 1
		Sepphoris was a Greco-Roman city, sometimes called "the ornament of Galilee." It was a large urban area located astride two major ancient roads, the Via Maris running north and south and the Acra-Tiberias road running east and west.
		The markets of Sepphoris supplied many items needed in Nazareth but unavailable there; and it provided Nazareans with the opportunity to sell their agricultural products and other saleable goods.
		Being "builders" (the probable meaning of "carpenter" at that time), they could market in Sepphoris the artifacts they made in Nazareth and they could hire out their skills so necessary in an expanding urban area.
	www.udayton.edu /mary/resources/HOLYLANDPG4.htm (1167 words)

	Christianity in the Roman Empire - Alternate History
		The first archaelogical dig at Sepphoris was done in 1930 by a team from the University of Michigan under the direction of Leroy Waterman.
		Herod's son Antipas reconstructed Sepphoris as a model Roman City, renaming it Autocratoris in honor of the emperor Augustus.
		Sepphoris had a major impact on the economy and social life of southern Galilee during the first two decades of the first century ACE, including residents of surrounding villages such as Nazareth, just 3.5 miles to the southeast.
	www.barrybenning.com /sepphoris.html (215 words)

	Tzippori - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Additional interest on the part of Biblical archaeologists is related to the belief in Christian tradition that the parents of the Virgin Mary, Anna and Joachim, were natives of Sepphoris, which at the time was a Hellenized town.
		Although the date of the city's establishment is a point of some dispute, it is at least as old as the 7th century BCE, when it is fortified by the Assyrians, subsequently serving as an administrative center in the region under Babylonian, Hellenistic and Persian rule.
		The Hasmonean Kingdom was divided into five districts by the Roman pro-consul Gabinius and Sepphoris came under the direct rule of the Romans in the year 37 BCE, when Herod the Great captured the city from Mattathaias Antigonus reportedly at the height of a snowstorm.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sepphoris (1918 words)

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