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	Serapeum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Serapeum of Alexandria in Ancient Egypt was built by Ptolemy III and dedicated to Serapis, the syncretic Hellenistic-Egyptian god who was made the protector of Alexandria.
		Theophilus, Gospel in hand, stands triumphantly atop the Serapeum in 391 CE Bishop Theophilus I of Alexandria was Nicene patriarch when the decrees of emperor Theodosius I forbade public observances of any but Christian rites.
		The destruction of the Serapeum was seen by many ancient and modern authors as representative of the triumph of Christianity over other religions and an instructive example of the attitude of the most educated Christian class to pagan learning.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Serapeum (437 words)

	Serapeum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The legendary Serapeum is where the sacred bulls of Apis are buried.
		In Le Serapeum de Memphis, Mariette describes some of his excitement about his find: Its rockcut corridors and burial chambers were excavated for the Apis bulls which were sacred to god Ptah.
		The Serapeum was in use from the New Kingdom down to the Graeco-Roman period.
	www.crystalinks.com /serapeum.html (160 words)

	Serapeum Commentary @ GreatArtworks.com (Great Artworks) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Serapeum of Alexandria in Ptolemaic Egypt was a temple built by Ptolemy III (reigned 246–222 BC) and dedicated to Serapis, the syncretic Hellenistic-Egyptian god who was made the protector of Alexandria.
		By all of the detailed descriptions, the Serapeum was the largest and most magnificent of all temples in the Greek quarter of Alexandria.
		Theophilus, Gospel in hand, stands triumphantly atop the Serapeum in AD Bishop Theophilus of Alexandria was Nicene patriarch when the decrees of emperor Theodosius I forbade public observances of any but Christian rites.
	www.greatartworks.com /encyclopedia/Serapeum (1069 words)

	Cemetary of the Apis Bulls
		THE SERAPEUM is one of the edifices of Memphis rendered famous by a frequently quoted passage of Strabo, and by the constant mention made of it on the Greek papyri.
		Thus was begun the discovery of the Serapeum.
		The Serapeum is a temple built without any regular plan, where all was conjecture, and where the ground had to be examined closely, inch by inch.
	members.tripod.com /~ib205/apis_4.html (1325 words)

	Library of Alexandria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Library's contents were likely distributed over several buildings, with the main library either located directly attached to or close to the oldest building, the Museum, and a daughter library in the younger Serapeum, also a temple dedicated to the god Serapis.
		Then he destroyed the Serapeum, and the bloody rites of the Mithreum he publicly caricatured; the Serapeum also he showed full of extravagant superstitions, and he had the phalli of Priapus carried through the midst of the forum.
		The Serapeum housed part of the Library, but it is not known how many books were contained in it at the time of destruction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Library_of_Alexandria (1325 words)

	NationMaster.com - Encyclopedia: Serapeum
		The decree that went out in AD 391, that "no one is to go to the sanctuaries, walk through the temples," resulted in many temples throughout the Empire that could be declared "abandoned" and the universal practice immediately began of occupying these sacred sites with Christian churches.
		Theophilus and the Serapeum Theophilus of Alexandria, (died 412) was the Nicene patriarch of Alexandria, Egypt (385 - 412).
		The Serapeum of Alexandria in Ptolemaic Egypt was a temple built by Ptolemy III (reigned 246 BC–222 BC) and dedicated to Serapis, the syncretic Hellenistic-Egyptian god who was made the protector of Alexandria.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Serapeum (1922 words)

	The Great Library of Alexandria
		The Serapeum temple, where a later library was founded, stood in the South Eastern corner of the city mounted on an acropolis in an area well away from the royal palaces.
		The new Serapeum was a truly magnificent structure of which there are detailed descriptions by the rhetorician Aphthonius[61] and the Christian scholar Rufinus who begins his account “Everyone must have heard of the Serapeum”[62].
		It would be reasonable to conclude that a major library was founded at the Serapeum during its rebuilding in the second century AD and that this library became confused in the minds of various writers with the Royal Library of the Ptolemies that had disappeared over two centuries before.
	www.bede.org.uk /Library2.htm (8017 words)

	Serapeum - TheBestLinks.com - Ancient Egypt, Alexandria, Library of Alexandria, Papyrus, ...
		Serapeum - TheBestLinks.com - Ancient Egypt, Alexandria, Library of Alexandria, Papyrus,...
		Serapeum, Ancient Egypt, Alexandria, Library of Alexandria, Papyrus, Syncretism...
		He stripped the pagan images and arcana and publicly displayed them in his new church in such an offensive manner that a mob of pagan Alexandrians fell upon the Christians.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Serapeum.html (465 words)

	Saqqara. Serapeum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Serapeum was the centre of a cult relating to the Apis bull, a bull selected from the sacred flock of bulls and cows.
		When it died it was buried at the Serapeum with the finest of ceremonies.
		The Serapeum was also used by dignitaries and princes as a tomb, people seeking the holy presence of the divine powers.
	i-cias.com /egypt/saqqara23.htm (228 words)

	Regio III - Insula XVII - Serapeum (III,XVII,4)
		The Serapeum was a temple dedicated to Serapis, an Egyptian deity, resulting from syncretism between Osiris-Apis (hence the name Serapis) and Jupiter.
		Inscriptions testify to the existence of a Serapeum in Portus.
		In the same period a passage to the House of the Serapeum was blocked.
	www.ostia-antica.org /regio3/17/17-4.htm (642 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| HERITAGE \| From Coptic texts to sacred bulls (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Inside the second sarcophagus he was able to picked up from the bones a beautiful naos-shaped pectoral in gold inlayed with coloured glass with a cartouche bearing the prename of Ramses II and six bull-headed funerary statuettes.
		Throughout 1952, the excavation continued in the Serapeum resulting the discovery of a third series of smaller bull burials.
		Octavian refused to visit the Serapeum and while the bull continued to be an emblem sacred to the god Montu through Diocletian reign, its cult faded and soon disappeared afterwards.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2004/679/hr2.htm (756 words)

	Egypt: The Serapeum of Saqqara
		Serapeum is a name usually applied to building that were associated with the cult of the Apis bulls, or the later composite god, Serapis.
		In reality, these two complexes served very different purposes, the Serapeum in Alexandria being more Greek in origin, while the one at Saqqara was built at least as early as the 18th dynasty.
		Mariette was led to the site of the Serapeum through his discovery of traces of some of the sphinxes (over 100) lining the dromos, that were faithfully described by the Greek writer Strabo.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/serapeum.htm (961 words)

	SAQQARA
		Napoleon's expedition had searched for the Serapeum in vain, however in 1850 Auguste Mariette and his team uncovered an avenue of over a hundred sphinxes.
		The subterranean galleries of the Serapeum consisted of a long gallery inset with numerous votive stelae and sealed by a huge sandstone door.
		Mariette's work at the Serapeum continued throughout 1852, and resulted in the discovery of a third series of smaller bull burials, the earliest yet uncovered, ranging in date from Amenophis III of the 18th Dynasty down into the 19th Dynasty.
	www.egyptologyonline.com /saqqara.htm (800 words)

	Serapeum
		The Serapeum is the name given to the galleries of tombs of the 'Apis Bulls', situated to the north-west of Djoser's Step Pyramid at Saqqara.
		It was once thought that Khaemwaset who was something of an antiquarian, was also buried in the Serapeum in a wooden coffin, but Egyptologists now believe the burial to have been that of an Apis Bull.
		Emery worked in an area which was strewn with pottery sherds from a late pharaonic date and went on to discover their source while clearing the shaft of a Dynasty III mastaba tomb.
	www.aldokkan.com /geography/serapeum.htm (1577 words)

	[No title]
		According to this noted authority on the Serapeum stela, the five bulls died in the 6th year of Cambyses (524 B.C.), the 4th (517 B.C.), 31st (490 B.C.) and 34th (487 B.C.) years of Darius I and the 11th year of Darius II (412 B.C.).
		According to the Serapeum stela Louve #357 [20] an Apis bull died in the 4th year of a king Darius at the age of slightly over eight years.
		Depending on where the stelae were erected, and when they were ultimately consigned to the Serapeum vaults, some may originated at the time of the bull's funeral in the 34th year, some in the interim between the bull's death and its funeral, and some, perhaps, in the decades immediately following Darius 34th year.
	www.kent.net /DisplacedDynasties/Apis_Bulls_Again.htm (5470 words)

	The Mysterious Fate of the Great Library of Alexandria
		But the Serapeum was a huge structure, high on a mound and beyond the abilities of the raging Christian fanatics to assault.
		The contention made is that there was another library in the Serapeum temple that a Christian mob destroyed during their sacking of the temple.
		However, we can be sure he was not talking about the Serapeum as all sources agree it was razed to the ground and the temples Orosius visited are not only still standing but even have their internal furninshings.
	www.bede.org.uk /library.htm (4645 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| HERITAGE \| Sacred galleries under threat
		One began to wonder when, if ever, the Serapeum, as it is called, would reopen and it would be possible to meander along its 200 metre-long corridors flanked by 24 vaulted burial chambers.
		Hawass concluded that the method used to support the rock above the Apis galleries was entirely suitable for its purpose, and that the iron shields would be used in nine of the 24 galleries which were the most seriously undermined.
		One was to leave the iron shields where they are, the other was to remove them and replace them with steel frames which were as strong as iron but less intrusive.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2004/679/hr1.htm (759 words)

	Apis Bulls - The Serapeum
		The earlier chambers of the Serapeum were built by Prince Khaemwese, a son of Ramesses II (Prince Khaemwese has also been thought to of been the architect behind KV5).
		Apis Bulls before Ramesses II Before the Serapeum was built under Ramesses II (and further extended by succeeding dynasties), previous dynasties had built other tombs to house the Apis Bulls (but these were not built to the same scale).
		The Serapeum has provided many examples of stela showing the varying degree of Apis worhsip from both royal and private persons which may be simple expressions of faith to the more formal record of the death of the bull.
	members.tripod.com /~ib205/apis_5.html (1047 words)

	Serapis by Georg Ebers: Chapter XXIV.
		The learning which was the boast of Alexandria dwelt under his protection; to the Serapeum was attached a medical Faculty which enjoyed the reputation of being the first in the world; from its observatory the course of the year was forecast and the calendar was promulgated.
		The men who had defended the Serapeum were led away; it had been determined in a council of war that they should be treated with clemency, and Cynegius had proclaimed free and full pardon to every prisoner who would swear never, for the future, to sacrifice to the god or worship in his temple.
		The Bishop and the monks in the Serapeum, meant the overthrow of the statue of the sovereign god--death and destruction.
	www.online-literature.com /georg-ebers/serapis/24 (3464 words)

	ARCE/NC ARCHIVES
		Dodson opened his lecture with a map of the necropolis at Saqqara, highlighting the Serapeum, with is the burial place of the sacred Apis bulls.
		The bull was buried in the oldest section of the Serapeum.
		The route to the Serapeum passed beside the pyramids and tomb chapels of Teti and Menkauhor, and the stela seems to be a "guardian of the gateway" leading to the Serapeum.
	home.comcast.net /~hebsed/dodson3.htm (1799 words)

	Serapis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		One of the experts was the one of the Eumolpidae, the ancient family from whose members the hierophant of the Eleusinian Mysteries had been chosen since before history, and the other was the scholarly Egyptian priest Manetho, which gave weight to the judgement both for the Egyptians and the Greeks.
		Osiris') wife, Isis, and their son (at this point in history) Horus (in the form of Harpocrates), Serapis won an important place in the Greek world, reaching Ancient Rome, with Anubis being identified as Cerberus.
		The great cult survived until 385 AD, when early Christians destroyed the Serapeum of Alexandria, and subsequently the cult was forbidden by the Theodosian decree.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/serapis (611 words)

	Serapeum at Saqqara (Greater Cairo & Surroundings) ... youregypt.com
		It is believed that prince Khaemweset, son of Ramesses II, was the one who began construction of the catacombs.
		The Serapeum continued to be used as a burial for the sacred animals till the Greco-Roman era.
		The founder prince himself was even buried in the Serapeum perhaps because of his desire.
	www.youregypt.com /eguide/destinations/greatercairo/surroundings/saqqara/serapeum (181 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Alexandrian Library
		The Great Library of Alexandria, so called to distinguish it from the smaller or "daughter" library in the Serapeum, was a foundation of the first Ptolemies for the purpose of aiding the maintenance of Greek civilization in the midst of the conservative Egyptians.
		The small library in the Serapeum is supposed to have perished when the temple of Serapis was destroyed by Theophilus, but there is no definite statement to that effect.
		Up to the time of Gibbon, the generally accepted version of the destruction of the library was that, on the capture of the city by the Mahommedans in A.D. 642, John Philoponos, having formed a friendship with their general Amrou, asked for the gift of the library.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/01303a.htm (905 words)

	Serapeum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Serapeum is a beautifully appointed three bedroom cottage located in a secluded setting close to the centre of Halls Gap.
		Serapeum is suited to family or couples looking for affordable accommodation close to the centre of Halls Gap and an ideal base from which to tour the Grampians region
		for those of you who have decided to read this far, and are curious about the name - Serapeum is the legendary Egyptian tomb of the sacred bulls of Apis, and also the name of an Australian Army camp in Egypt where Harland's grandfather was stationed during WWI.
	www.warrnamboolcam.com /serapeum (521 words)

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