Serbs of Croatia - Factbites

Serbs of Croatia - Factbites
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Topic: Serbs of Croatia

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In the News (Fri 10 Oct 08)

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	Mutual Recognition of Croatia and Serbia (+Montenegro)
		The recognition of Croatia as a sovereign State is closely connected with the status of Serbs in Croatia: Croatia wants first to be recognized before talking about possible autonomy for the Serbs in Croatia, while Belgrade wants to recognize Croatia only when an agreement regarding Serbian autonomy has been reached.
		It is, then, up to the Serbs and Croats to find a solution that grants the Serbs in Croatia the establishment of external relations in the framework of their autonomy rights, e.g.
		Despite the armistice, agreed by Croats and Krajina-Serbs in March 1994, these arms may still be used against the Croats or against their interests, and therefore, the supply of arms to the Krajina-Serbs by Belgrade constitutes a breach of the duty of non-interference.
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol6/No4/art4-03.html

	war_48_199701-02_02.txt
		Croatia's sudden conciliatory stance-especially in giving Serbs in the UNTAES area the right to vote where they choose-is the result of strong external pressure, particularly from the US.
		Serbs will also hold the post of deputy governor in the two provinces that make up the UNTAES area, and two seats are reserved for them in the Lower House of the Croatian Parliament.
		A Pleasant Surprise Croatia's apparent generosity to Slavonia Serbs will displease right-wingers in the ruling party by By Drago Hedl in Osijek February 1997 The Croatian government has announced a surprisingly generous deal for Serbs in Eastern Slavonia once the region, formerly held by Serb rebels, is fully reintegrated into Croatia.
	www.iwpr.net /archive/war/war_48_199701-02_02.txt (926 words)

	Mislav Jezic
		Even worse, the majority of the Serbs in Croatia are living in great cities outside the occupied territory which was not occupied in the name of those 11%, but only of the Serbs from the occupied regions, who represent altogether 3% of citizens of Croatia, ie.
		In Croatia, the violence and the racist nazi ideology was opposed by the Catholic church and the ardent sermons of Cardinal Stepinac in the Zagreb cathedral in defence of the rights of the Jews, Serbs and men of all races (the collection of sermons with their dates is preserved).
		This state was acknowledged as sovereign by Serbia on December 8, solely in order to give an illusion of legality to the act of unification of Croatia and other South Slavic countries, dissociated from the Austro-Hungarian state, only to be combined with the Kingdom of Serbia immediately thereafter.
	www.eurolang.mq.edu.au /croatian/jezic.htm (4312 words)

	INDICTED part 9
		According to Boljkovac, the bloodshed in Borovo Selo (12 dead, 31 wounded) “the Croatian side used as a sort of a detonator for initiating violent secession,” and the very essence of this violent act was the general expulsion of Serbs from Croatia.
		That is why the ZAVNOH (Anti-Fascist Council of People’s Liberation of Croatia) had decided on its Topusko session in 1944 that Croats and Serbs were two equal peoples in this federal republic of the Second Yugoslavia.
		It is a tragic facet of historical fate that many more Serbs than Croats fought and died for the present-day borders of Croatia, claimed persistently by the current Croatian government.
	emperors-clothes.com /book/book9.htm (4312 words)

	fascstate.html
		One reason Serbs living in Croatia and Bosnia wanted their own state is that the leader of newly independent Croatia, Franjo Tudjman, immediately abolished the Yugoslav dinar and replaced it with - guess what?
		Since Serbs are mostly farmers, their lands are much greater in acreage than those of the urbanized Croations.
		When Croatia asserted its independence from Yugoslavia, apprehensive Serbs insisted on their independence from Croatia.
	www.mosquitonet.com /~prewett/fascstate.html (461 words)

	Yugoslavia
		As leader of the Roman Catholics in Croatia during World War II, Stepinac authorized and presided over the forced conversions of thousands of Orthodox Serbs and Jews just before they were slaughtered, to ensure that they went to heaven.
		Croatia was set up as a puppet state ruled by the fascist Ustashe, who committed atrocities against Jews, gypsies and Serbs in Bosnia and Croatia.
		At the end of the section on Croatia is a discussion of when it is valid for a group of people to secede from an establish country.
	www.forgottendelights.com /essays/Yugoslavia.htm (9791 words)

	Time: The guns of August. (Croatia's large military offensive against rebel Croatian Serbs)(includes a chronology of Croatia's military activities since 1991)@ HighBeam Research
		The self-styled capital of Krajina, the stronghold of nearly 200,000 rebel Serbs who seceded from Croatia in 1991, found itself the focus of a massive assault by the forces of Croatian...
		(Croatia's large military offensive against rebel Croatian Serbs)(includes a chronology of Croatia's military activities since 1991)
		Croatian forces numbering over 100,000 have recaptured the city of Knin from the Serbs, in the largest military offensive in Europe since World War II.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:17109207&refid=holomed_1 (208 words)

	Croatia
		The 2000 retrial of 6 former Croatian soldiers charged with the 1995 massacre of 16 elderly Serbs in the villages of Varivode and Goscici was ongoing in the Sibenik county court at year's end.
		In the wake of the autumn 2000 termination of the OSCE police monitoring group in the Danubian region (and its replacement with a smaller civilian unit), the police continued to respond appropriately to law and order issues, although some NGO's continued to express concern that ethnic Serbs were reluctant to report ethnically-motivated incidents to authorities.
		In October 2000, 13 Serbs were arrested and detained in Baranja on war crimes charges based on 1996 indictments from the Osijek county court, despite the fact that these indictments had little or no supporting evidence; 7 of the Serbs eventually were released but 6 remained in detention at year's end.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2001/eur/8240.htm (13103 words)

	Ustasa (Croatian and Muslim fascists)
		The real ruler [of W.W.II Croatia] was Ante Pavelich, a zealous Croatian nationalist and fanatical hater of Serbs...
		Minority groups such as Jews and Gypsies were to be eliminated as were the Serbs: it was declared that one-third of the Serbian population would be deported, one-third converted to Roman Catholicism, and one third liquidated.
		This is because it clashes with the claim that, somehow, Serbs of these geographical regions were pushed by Belgrade autocrat Miloshevich to "rebel" against "newly born democracies".
	www.srpska-mreza.com /History/ww2/ustashi.html (13103 words)

	The History of Kosovo, Provided as a Public Service By S. Lawrence Dumville of the Virginia State Bar
		Having seized parts of Croatia and Slovenia from Austria, in 1918, the former Serbian government proclaimed a new "Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes" under the Serbian Crown of King Petar I. There was some opposition by non-Serbs but the new Kingdom, with its expanded territory was recognized at the Treaty of Versailles.
		Germany carved out a puppet state of greater Croatia (some Croats saw Hitler as a chance to be free of Serbian domination.) The Croatian Nazi government not only carried out Hitler’s final solution against the Jews and Gypsies but also against their Slavic brethren, particularly the Serbs.
		Croatia and Slovenia, although suffering invasion by the Turks, never succumbed and were at various times a part of the "Holy Roman Empire" (German), Austria or Hungary.
	www.helpcom.net /commentary/kosovo.htm (13103 words)

	CAUSES AND DYNAMIC OF THE WAR IN CROATIA
		In Croatia, armed conflicts expanded and assumed the character of real war operations in which the JNA operated together with rebel Serbs and volunteers which were secretly sent from Serbia.
		Accusing Croatia of discrimination of its Serbian minority and imputing "genocidal" characteristics to all Croats, Serbia succeeded by that metapolitical instrument to "export" its anti-bureaucratic revolution outside Serbia, first of all among the Serbs in Croatia.
		Political leaders of the Serbs in Croatia refused to take part in the new political system.
	www.hr/wwwhr-bin/go.pl?http://www.hr/hrvatska/WAR/causes.html (13103 words)

	CROATIA
		In June 1991, as Slovenia and Croatia declared their independence, militant Serbs launched offensives to establish control of the regions with a significant Serb population, including the eastern regionof Croatia bordering Serbia across the Danube River - called Eastern Slavonia, and including parts of the counties of Baranja and Srijem.
		Meanwhile, tensions rose between Serb and Croat extremists in Eastern Slavonia, and armed conflict began in early May 1991, when rebel Serbs in Borovo Selo, north of the city of Vukovar, killed thirteen Croatian police officers who were seeking to rescue two other police officers taken hostage by the Serbs earlier.
		As suggested by the U.N. Security Council in February 1995, UNCRO's mandate was to include implementation of the aforementioned 1994 cease-fire accord and facilitate the implementation of an economic agreement between the Croatian and RSK authorities.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1997/croatia/Croatia-02.htm (13103 words)

	Annex IV : The policy of ethnic cleansing
		When the Serbs of Croatia's Krajina region declared their independence, there was a massive transfer of heavy weapons from the JNA to Serb paramilitary forces.
		The policy of «ethnic cleansing», however, has been systematically carried out by Serbs in BiH and Croatia against their opponents, though Croats have also carried out similar policies, but on a more restricted scale, against Serbs in Croatia and Muslims in Herzegovina.
		In Croatia, for example, after Franjo Tudjman and the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ--Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica) came to power in April of 1990, a law was enacted adopting Croatian as the official language of state administration and the red and white checkered shield, a symbol of the Croatian nation, hanged from many windows.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /comexpert/ANX/IV.htm (13103 words)

	Breakdown in the Balkans--Events in 1991
		Most Croats (93%) decide that Croatia, ``as a sovereign and independent country which guarantees cultural autonomy and all civic rights to Serbs and members of other nationalities in Croatia, may with other republics join a confederation of sovereign states.'' Croatia threatens to secede completely if steps toward confederation are not taken.
		The government of the ``Serbian Autonomous Region of Krajina,'' claiming to speak on behalf of Serbs in Croatia, adopts a resolution to form an independent state that in the future would join with Serbia, Montenegro, and Serb-populated parts of Bosnia.
		Croatia and Slovenia suspend their declarations of independence for three months, but outbursts of fighting continue.
	www.ceip.org /pubs/balkan-power/pubsbr91.htm (13103 words)

	Lonely Planet World Guide Destination Croatia
		Croatia is located on the north-eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea, bordered by Slovenia and Hungary to the north, Yugoslavia to the east and Bosnia-Hercegovina to the south and east.
		The aura of medieval Croatia endures in the cobbled streets of Rovinj and the recently restored other-worldliness of Dubrovnik's Stari Grad.
		The southernmost portion of Croatia's Adriatic Coast, including the town of Dubrovnik, is separated from the rest of the country by a knuckle of Bosnia-Hercegovina.
	www.statraveluk.lonelyplanet.com /europe/croatia (4531 words)

	Human Rights Watch: Publications: Europe and Central Asia : Croatia
		However, there remain concerns that the transition may be accompanied or followed by serious violations of human rights, as occurred after Croatia recaptured the Krajina, or by a mass exodus of Serbs in the region, repeating on a much broader scale the problems that arose during the transition of authority in Sarajevo=s suburbs last year.
		As a result of discriminatory laws, and aboveall discriminatory practices, Croatian Serbs do not enjoy their civil rights as Croatian citizens.
		As a result of discriminatory laws, and above all discriminatory practices, Croatian Serbs do not enjoy their civil rights as Croatian citizens.
	www.hrw.org /hrw/pubweb/Webcat-30.htm (2440 words)

	Croatia Human Rights Practices, 1995
		Many Serbs left government-controlled Croatia during the year as a result of the combination of economic discrimination and physical threats and the lack of interest shown by the Government in devising measures to restore confidence among Serbs remaining in the formerly occupied areas.
		Parliament's October reduction in the number of Serbian representatives was based on estimates of the number of Serbs who fled Croatia and the assumption that they would not return, disregarding the fact that they remained Croatian citizens.
		Croatia is a multiparty democracy in which all citizens 18 years of age and older have the right to vote by secret ballot.
	www.hri.org /docs/USSD-Rights/95/Croatia95.html (9369 words)

	Croatia - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Croatia
		In January 1996 the UN Security Council condemned Croatia for human-rights offences against Serbs in Krajina.
		Diplomatic relations were restored between Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (consisting of Serbia and Montenegro) in August 1996, and in October 1996 Croatia entered the Council of Europe.
		As many as 100,000 Serbs and 55,000 Jews were massacred by this Croatian regime, which sought to establish a ‘pure’ Croatian Catholic republic.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Croatia (1499 words)

	CROATIA
		In June 1991, as Slovenia and Croatia declared their independence, militant Serbs launched offensives to establish control of the regions with a significant Serb population, including the eastern regionof Croatia bordering Serbia across the Danube River - called Eastern Slavonia, and including parts of the counties of Baranja and Srijem.
		Meanwhile, tensions rose between Serb and Croat extremists in Eastern Slavonia, and armed conflict began in early May 1991, when rebel Serbs in Borovo Selo, north of the city of Vukovar, killed thirteen Croatian police officers who were seeking to rescue two other police officers taken hostage by the Serbs earlier.
		Inter-ethnic tensions in Croatia, as in the former Yugoslavia, increased in the late 1980s and intensified after the Croatian elections in April and May 1990.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1997/croatia/Croatia-02.htm (1926 words)

	Croatia - History of the National Flag
		After a short time, Croatia was united with Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the State of Slovenians, Croats and Serbs (not to be mistaken with the later Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians), and a month later occupied by Serbian forces united in a Kingdom under Serbian dynasty which already had annexed Montenegro.
		One of interpretations of colours dating from late 19th century is Red Croatia, White Croatia, and Kingdom of Slavonia (blue).
		This state was then named Kingdom of SHS (Serbs, Croats and Slovenians), and took a neutral combination of pan-slavene colours blue white red (both Serbia and Montenegro had red blue white and Slovenia white blue red).
	www.z6.com /z6files/z6files/fotw/flags/hr-hist.html (1926 words)

	The Media Suppressed the Truth about the Rebirth of Croatian Fascism!
		The entire Serbian population of the Krajina (a mountainous land between Croatia and Bosnia) as well as virtually all Serbs living in Croatia proper were subsequently driven from that part of Yugoslavia.
		Croatia has named a downtown street after the author of anti-Semitic laws who also served as a deputy to Croatia's World War II fascist leader, newspapers reported Tuesday.
		One such incident occurred in September 1995, when the U.S. sent personnel to Croatia to inspect long-range rockets bound for Bosnia, but once it was determined that the rockets were not equipped with chemical warheads, American officials did not object to allowing them to continue on to Bosnia.
	www.emperors-clothes.com /analysis/toronto.htm (1926 words)

	Croatia in 1999
		Croatians voted 93% in favour of independence in May 1991 but when the Croatian government declared independence from the federation on June 25th, the Krajina Serbs backed by Serbia claimed independence from Croatia to join the Bosnian Serbs in their pursuit of the "Greater Serbia" promoted by Slobodan Miloevic.
		Croatia was not as fortunate as Slovenia for its Orthodox Serb minority was larger (10% in '91), and concentrated in well defined areas which made it susceptible to irredentist activism.
		The Croats took control of western Slavonia in May and of Krajina in August 1995 causing hundreds of thousands Serbs to flee to the Serb held areas of Bosnia.
	berclo.net /page99/99en-croatia-1.html (1926 words)

	XXII WRI Triennial, Porec, Croatia
		The town includes 11,000 Croatians, 2500 Bosnian Croat refugees (who are living in houses abandoned by Croatian Serbs who were forced to flee during the war) and 1,000 Croatian Serbs who are returning to their homes.
		The newspaper article reported that the group assisting the refugees was one-sidedly helping the Serbs to return, and this had led to death threats against the three staff members of the group (which is associated with Pax Christi).
		After the exercise we had a real-life opportunity to support someone experiencing great fear, when a participant suddenly joined the group and spoke of death threats his group had received after a misleading article about them was published in the local paper in Krajina, where they were working in support of refugees.
	www.wri-irg.org /archive/tri1998/en/wk-vs.htm (1926 words)

	Yugoslavia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the Independent State of Croatia, Serbs, Jews and Gypsies were marched to the Jasenovac concentration camp
		Very high losses were among Serbs of Bosnia and Croatia, and members of non-aryan (according to the German racist theory: Jews, Gypsies) minorities, high also among all other non-collaborating population.
		The first was a kingdom formed in 1918 as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, which was re-named the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929 and existed under that name until it was invaded in 1941 by the Axis powers.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yugoslavia (3353 words)

	Stjepan Radic
		However, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was established and the CPP became an opposition party.
		After World War I he rose to political prominence among Croats for his opposition to merging Croatia with the Kingdom of Serbia without guarantees for Croatian autonomy.
		Although he is generally viewed as an obstructionist politician for his party's frequent boycotts of parliament, Radić is credited with galvanizing the Croatian peasantry into a viable political force for the first time.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/s/st/stjepan_radic.html (3353 words)

	Croatia, Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow
		The most disturbing aspect of this agreement is the fact that Croatia publicly announced the lack of funds that would enable the return of exiled Serbs, yet funds exist to finance an army in a foreign state.
		A reason for concern with Racan is the fact that at no time did he condemn the HDZ regime for murder and expulsions of national minorities in Croatia - Muslims, Serbs, Jews and others.
		According to the Simon Wiesenthal Centre, more than 750,000 Serbs, Jews and Roma perished in concentration camps of Hitler-sponsored Croatia.
	www.balkanpeace.org /our/our01.shtml (983 words)

	Pretty Village, Pretty Flame Movie Review by Anthony Leong
		Written by a group of Serbian academics, the document argued that the Serbs were in danger of being wiped out by the economic and political discrimination of Yugoslavia's other ethnic groups, especially in Kosovo and Croatia.
		Serb history is filled with stories of blood, sacrifice, and the never-ending struggle for independence and self-determination, from the modest beginnings of the independent Serb kingdom in the 11th century, to their brutal extermination by the Nazi-backed Ustashe regime in Croatia during the Second World War.
		It further argued that the Serbs had been unjustly treated since the end of the Second World War, and that drastic measures had to be taken in order to safeguard the Serbian identity, which was no longer compatible with the existing political structure in Yugoslavia.
	members.aol.com /aleong1631/prettyvillage.html (2211 words)

	YUGOSLAVIA: A VERSAILLES FAILURE
		They also did their best to prevent the reconstruction of highways and railroads outside of Croatia, which had been destroyed, partly by Croats themselves, in World War I. From the beginning there were many individuals and political parties in Croatia that wanted to secede from the kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes.
		The Serbs live mainly in the eastern, the Croats in the western, and the Slovenes in the northwestern part of the kingdom and, as is often the case in mountainous countries, the characteristics of these different races are strikingly distinct.
		The Croats of the United States, who were afire with the hope of political independence for Croatia to be guaranteed by the Great contained the provision that German troops were not to pass through Yugoslav territory, this was, of course, purely hypocritical, since the right of passage to Greece was what Germany wanted.
	www.suc.org /culture/history/The_Serbs_Chose_War/yu_versaj.html (2211 words)

	Serbian Orthodox Church - Article on Kosovo
		In 1995, with the assistance of the CIA and American military advisers, he drove several hundred thousand Serbs from their ancestral homes in Croatia where they had lived since the fifteenth century.
		He declared a few years ago that the Jewish Holocaust was a fabrication, and he destroyed all records of the notorious Croatian concentration camp at Jasenovac In Bosnia, where tens of thousand of Jews, Gypsies, and Serbs perished in the 1940s.
		Albright seems dominated by a Central European Catholic prejudice against the Serbs that has so warped her judgment as to make her ineffective as a negotiator or mediator, which requires some element of neutrality and willingness to understand the legitimate security concerns of all parties.
	www.serbianorthodoxchurch.net /historyofchurch/article (5863 words)

	C R O A T I A
		His calls for a greater Croatia touched off protests by ethnic Serbs in Croatia, but the CDU prevailed in the elections, winning a majority of the seats in the Assembly.
		Italy approved the pro-Fascist puppet state dominated by the Ustaša regime, which encompassed much of Croatia and Bosnia, and was notorious for its policies towards minorities; vast numbers of Jews, Serbs, Gypsies, and political dissidents were murdered in extermination camps.
		Population Characteristics The total population of Croatia according to the 1991 census was 4,784,265; it was estimated in 1996 at 4,775,000.
	www.1001medrecipes.com /mCROATIA.htm (4927 words)

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