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Topic: Sergey Witte

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	Sergey Yul'evich Witte (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Witte knew that there were many opponents of his reforms, so he began to collect different materials on the Manifesto history.
		Sergey Yul'evich realized that the revolution was coming and that the force of army and police was not strong enough to stop it.
		Witte was a follower of the old methods, a man of the XIXth century who didn't realize the depth of the changes of the XXth.
	www.bschool.yar.ru /page77.htm (1714 words)

	Count Sergey Witte
		Witte's father, of Dutch ancestry, directed the agricultural department in the office of the governor general of the Caucasus.
		In August 1903 Witte was removed from the Ministry of Finance and appointed to the largely decorative position of chairman of the Committee of Ministers.
		Witte was also instrumental in concluding arrangements in 1906 with a group of European bankers for a series of loans that restored Russian finances, which were in a state of virtual collapse through the effects of defeat in the Far East and the widespread revolts of 1905.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/hornton/890/RussiaNew3/Witte.html (808 words)

	Reference Encyclopedia - Russian history, 1892-1920 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Witte and some Russian diplomats wanted to compromise with Japan and trade Manchuria for Korea, but a group of Witte's reactionary enemies, courtiers, and military and naval leaders refused to compromise.
		Witte championed foreign loans, conversion to the gold standard, heavy taxation of the peasantry, accelerated development of heavy industry, and a trans-Siberian railway.
		In late 1905, Witte pressured Nicholas to issue the so-called October Manifesto, which gave Russia a constitution and proclaimed basic civil liberties for all citizens.
	referenceencyclopedia.com /?title=Russian_history,_1892-1920 (3691 words)

	Nicholas II - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		From 1894 to 1902 Nicholas II allowed his finance minister, Sergey Witte, to dominate domestic policy.
		Witte launched a drive to develop Russian industry as quickly as possible.
		As competition for land increased, peasants resented the continued existence of large estates held by nobles; with the growing weakness of the nobility and the imperial regime, they felt more able to realize their dream of seizing the land for themselves.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761570283___3/Nicholas_II.html (822 words)

	www.rian.ru
		He signed the Manifesto under pressure from Prime Minister Sergey Witte, and never understood that it delayed the downfall of his empire.
		Sergey Witte himself was fastidious about the revolution.
		This is what he wrote in his memoirs: "At that time everyone was going crazy, demanding an overhaul of the Russian Empire along the extremely democratic lines of the people's representation." Considering this "craziness," the reformer was prepared to resort to force, but strongly recommended that the tsar should also use a sedative.
	en.rian.ru /analysis/20051017/41803965-print.html (734 words)

	RUSNET :: Encyclopedia :: N :: Nicholas II - Intro, Early Life & Reign
		Disregarding the advice of his future prime minister Sergey Yulyevich Witte, he refused to make concessions to the constitutionalists until events forced him to yield more than might have been necessary had he been more flexible.
		On March 3, 1905, he reluctantly agreed to create a national representative assembly, or Duma, with consultative powers, and by the manifesto of October 30 he promised a constitutional regime under which no law was to take effect without the Duma's consent, as well as a democratic franchise and civil liberties.
		Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin, who replaced Witte and carried out the coup of June 16, 1907, dissolving the second Duma, was loyal to the dynasty and a capable statesman.
	rusnet.nl /encyclo/n/nicholas_II.shtml (948 words)

	Russian Sergey Witte, Sergei Witte of Russia, Serge Witte on RussiansAbroad.com
		Russian Sergey Witte, Sergei Witte of Russia, Serge Witte on RussiansAbroad.com
		In reaction, the regime was forced to adopt the ambitious but costly economic programs of Sergey Witte, the country's strong-willed minister of finance.
		Witte championed foreign loans, conversion to the gold standard, heavy taxation of the peasantry, accelerated development of heavy industry, and a trans-Siberian railroad.
	www.russiansabroad.com /russian_history_41.html (334 words)

	Nationalism - People
		He dismissed Bismarck to try to win support of the workers, but he could not stop the rise of socialism.
		Sergey Witte (1842-1915) - He was the Finance Minister of Russia.
		He increased railroads, protective tariffs to build industry, the gold standard to strengthen finances, and encouraged foreigners to build factories in Russia.
	www.coldwater.k12.mi.us /apeuro/nationalism_-_people.htm (635 words)

	RUSNET :: Encyclopedia :: W :: Witte, Count
		These measures reduced the gap between the industrial development of Russia and that of Europe and also expanded the Russian industrial proletariat, which was concentrated in a few large cities.
		Witte was dismissed in 1903, probably because he opposed the aggressive policy of Tsar Nicholas II in East Asia, but he was recalled in 1905 at the close of the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) to negotiate peace with Japan.
		Returning to Russia during the Revolution of 1905, he was called on by the tsar to draw up the manifesto of October, 1905, by which Nikolay II promised more liberal government under a duma, or legislative assembly.
	www.rusnet.nl /encyclo/w/witte.shtml (292 words)

	Sergei Witte - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Witte's family from his father's side was russified Lutheran German and his mother's side Russian nobility.
		He was born in Tiflis and raised in the Caucasus region of Russia, in the house of his mother's parents.
		This, and overwhelming victories by left-wing political parties in Russia's first elected parliament, the State Duma, forced Witte to resign as Chairman of the Council of Ministers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sergei_Witte (691 words)

	News and Events at the Bureau of Economic Geology
		The Witte Museum in San Antonio held a grand opening on March 3 for its newest exhibit, titled "World of Water at the Witte.
		Papers presented by Bureau researchers Sergey Fomel and Paul Sava at the 2004 SEG Annual Meeting in Denver in October were judged by fellow SEG members to be among the top 20 best papers presented at the convention.
		Sergey's presentation, titled "Local Slope as a Universal Seismic Attribute," was presented on February 24.
	www.beg.utexas.edu /mainweb/news_eventsrkiv/mar05.htm (1316 words)

	Nicholas II - ninemsn Encarta
		Nicholas presided over a period of rapid industrialization that brought economic and social development not often matched by the political imagination to guide it.
		He was well served in the 1890s and early 1900s by Sergey Witte, minister of finance (1892-1903), who encouraged foreign investment in Russia and oversaw the building of the Trans-Siberian Railway (completed in 1904).
		Russia’s industries and cities grew in size and sophistication; liberal, populist, and socialist ideas found favour with workers and a rising middle class.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761570283_1____3/Nicholas_II.html (791 words)

	Russia: A Country Study
		In 1833 the minister of education, Sergey Uvarov, devised a program of "autocracy, Orthodoxy, and nationality" as the guiding principle of the regime.
		The people were to show loyalty to the unlimited authority of the tsar, to the traditions of the Orthodox Church, and, in a vague way, to the Russian nation.
		In an effort to stop the activity of liberal factions, the constitution included most of their demands, including a ministerial government responsible to the tsar, and a national Duma (see Glossary)--a parliament to be elected on a broad, but not wholly equitable, franchise.
	www.cla.wayne.edu /polisci/kdk/easteurope/sources/russia1.htm (16148 words)

	AllRefer.com - Russia - Witte and Accelerated Industrialization - Radical Political Parties Develop \| Russian ...
		Witte championed foreign loans, conversion to the gold standard, heavy taxation of the pe asantry, accelerated development of heavy industry, and a trans-Siberian railroad.
		In 1894 the acc ession of the pliable Nicholas II upon the death of Alexander III gave Witte and other powerful ministers the opportunity to dominate the government.
		Western historians d iffer as to the merits of Witte's reforms; some believe that domestic industry, which did not benefit from subsidies or contracts, suffered a setback.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/russia/russia26.html (1011 words)

	Russia - Printer-friendly - ninemsn Encarta
		For the first time a prime minister was appointed, initially Sergey Witte, who as minister both of finance and communications during the 1880s and 1890s was a key figure in the increasing industrialization of Russia.
		Also in December the State Duma accepted the draft budget for 1998, after President Yeltsin had warned of the imminent collapse of the currency if the budget was rejected.
		It came at a time when Yeltsin’s increasingly difficult relations with the Duma had led to an attempt to impeach the president on charges that included undermining the Russian military, starting the disastrous war in Chechnya, and causing widespread hardship by destroying Russia's economy.
	au.encarta.msn.com /text_761569000___42/Russia.html (15764 words)

	netcyclo: Russia: History 5 (1855 - 1905)
		During the 1890s, Russia's industrial development led to a significant increase in the size of the urban bourgeoisie and the working class, setting the stage for a more dynamic political atmosphere and the development of radical parties.
		The next year, Witte used French capital to establish the Russo-Chinese Bank.
		The goal of the bank was to finance the construction of a railroad across northern Manchuria and thus shorten the Trans-Siberian Railroad.
	www.netcyclo.com /places/polit/nations/russia/rs-his05.htm (4206 words)

	Norman Cohn, Warrant For Genocide
		When Witte took office in 1892 he took up the task begun by Peter the Great and largely neglected bylater rulers: the transformation of backward Russia into a country as modern as the countries of western Europe.
		Witte was under heavy pressure to resort to inflation, even if this meant abandoning the newly adopted gold-standard.
		Sergey Nilus is in fact the key figure in the launching of the forgery.
	users.cyberone.com.au /myers/cohn.html (20837 words)

	October Manifesto: Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
		Document issued by Tsar Nicholas II in October 1905.
		In response to the unrest caused by the Russian Revolution of 1905 and on the advice of his minister Sergey Witte, Nicholas promised to guarantee civil liberties and establish a popularly elected Duma.
		The manifesto satisfied the moderate revolutionaries, and further unrest was crushed.
	ref.enotes.com /britannica-encyclopedia/october-manifesto (119 words)

	Publication of the Tsar's Manifesto: The Times Report - Sidebar - MSN Encarta
		This report of the reaction of the people of St Petersburg to the publication of the Tsar’s manifesto appeared in The Times on November 1, 1905.
		The return of the statesman Count Sergey Witte to Russia from the treaty negotiations at the end of the Russo-Japanese War had led to a policy of concessions to attempt to end the political strikes that marked the Russian Revolution of 1905.
		On October 17, 1905, Tsar Nicholas II issued the imperial manifesto that promised an increased level of civil rights and the creation of the Duma, Russia’s legislative assembly.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /sidebar_1461500864/Publication_of_the_Tsar's_Manifesto_The_Times_Report.html (152 words)

	In Honor of Russia - The 100 Anniversary of the Portsmouth Treaty - Page Two
		His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias Nikoli II was represented by his Excellency Sergei Witte, Secretary of State and President of the Committee of Ministers of the Empire of Russia.
		Seeing American men and women thank God with tears in their eyes for the peace He had granted to Russia, moved Count Witte and all those in attendance of the Russian delegation.
		Ochen' trogatelno bilo dlya Witte e ostalnikh chlenov Rossiyskoi delegatziyi videt' Amerikanskih muzhchin e zhenshin blagodarivshikh Boga za meer so slezami na glazakh.
	sarskaya42.tripod.com /id4.html (630 words)

	Russia
		Sergey Kirov assassinated in Leningrad; Great Terror begins, causing intense fear among general populace, and peaks in 1937 and 1938 before subsiding in latter year.
		Human rights activist Sergey Kovalev estimates 10,000 Russian soldiers and 25,000 Chechen civilians killed in Chechnya since 1994.
		In parliamentary elections, communists and nationalists gain strength, reformists split and in decline.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/russia/all.html (12947 words)

	mhp: The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion
		However, the general consensus is that it was probably done by Elie de Cyon (Ilya Tsion), a Russian journalist living in Paris, who was an opponent of Sergey Witte, the Russian Minister of Finance.
		When Witte took office in 1892, he began to modernize Russia by doubling steel, iron, and coal production and constructing railroads.
		The Protocols say that such economic depressions are caused by the Elders to gain control of the money and that the gold standard has ruined every country that has adopted it.
	www.modernhistoryproject.org /mhp/ArticleDisplay.php?Article=FinalWarn06-1 (5101 words)

	PhotoPostcards :: Japan-America Relations :: 6
		Left to right: Russian Finance Minister Count Sergei Witte, Baron Rosen, US President Theodore Roosevelt, Japanese Ambassador to the US Kogoro Takahira, and Japanese Foreign Minister Jutaro Komura.
		Count Sergei Witte created the Trans-Siberian railway and he was highly respected by the US.
		It would be nice to have Sergey Witte on a postcard.
	photojpn.org /postcards/jpnusa/ja6 (476 words)

	Notes and references - Chapter II - Alexander Kotok, M.D.
		While speaking of Prince Meshchersky, I would like to refer to the opinion of Sergey Witte, (1842-1915) - a Russian state figure, Minister of Communications (1892), Finance Minister since 1892, Chairman of the Committee of Ministers since 1903, Chairman of the Board of Ministers in 1905-06.
		He wrote in 1911 on Meshchersky: "Prince Meshchersky, the editor-publisher of ‘Grazhdanin’, has played a rather important role in our political life during the last 25 years.
		Sergey Witte, "Izbrannye vospominaniia, 1849 - 1911" (Selected Memoirs, 1849-1911), Moscow, 1997, v.
	www.homeoint.org /books4/kotok/notechap2.htm (3351 words)

	The Protocols of Zion & Proposals for World Government
		Witte's most spectacular railway was the Trans-Siberian line, of which well over 3,000 miles had been completed by 1899.
		Witte's critics complained that prices were rising, that grain was being exported even when there was a poor harvest and that 'Witte's system' could survive only so long as foreign - particularly French - investors were prepared to go on buying Russian State bonds and shares in new Russian joint-stock companies.
		While Witte believed that an autocratic form of government was essential for Russia, he realized that Nicholas II lacked the understanding and will-power needed to carry out the crucial reforms.
	users.cyberone.com.au /myers/toolkit.html (14810 words)

	Sean's Russia Blog: 11/01/2006 - 12/01/2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The group’s leader, Sergei Fateyev, told Interfax, "More than 6,000 young people decided to check possibilities for equal access of vendors to 20 markets in 20 Moscow region towns, including Lyubertsy, Khimki, Reutov, Mozhaisk and others.
		Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov told reporters, "Litvinenko is not the kind of person for whose sake we would spoil bilateral relations." Adding, "It is absolutely not in our interests to be engaged in such activity."
		Politkovskaya’s articles were instrumental in the arrest and conviction of his associate, Sergei Lapin.
	seansrusskiiblog.blogspot.com /2006_11_01_archive.html (10866 words)

	Putin's Corporate Utopia \| Boris Kagarlitsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Companies that have the state as majority shareholder are permitted to issue additional stock, hereby reducing state shareholding.
		All in all, as for the economic policy, I don't think there has ever been more liberal government in Russia, except for the earl Sergey Witte's ill-fated administration, which as you might know, let the country plunge into the 1905 Revolution.
		In a strange way, all the current free-market measures not only have failed to fight monopolies but strengthened them.
	www.tni.org /archives/kagarlitsky/utopia.htm (1275 words)

	The Hoary Hoax of Hate - Chapter Four (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Their enclave was opposed by other powerful interests — the Grand Duchess Elizabeth, for example, who was intent on installing her own favorite close to the throne.
		One of her favorites was a contemptible individual known as Sergei Nilus.
		Nilus, lawyer, sometimes civil servant, part-time police informer, journalist, and soon-to-be popular mystic, was told by Rachkovsky to write something with which to totally discredit with the Tsar the leadership of the new democratic reform movement.
	gargoo.freesuperhost.com /fear/protocolD.htm (3162 words)

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