
	Where results make sense

Topic: Serratus anterior

	IV. Myology. The Muscles Connecting the Upper Extremity to the Anterior and Lateral Thoracic Walls. Gray, Henry. 1918. ...
		It arises from the anterior surface of the sternal half of the clavicle; from half the breadth of the anterior surface of the sternum, as low down as the attachment of the cartilage of the sixth or seventh rib; from the
		The coracoclavicular fascia is pierced by the cephalic vein, thoracoacromial artery and vein, and external anterior thoracic nerve.
		The Subclavius is suplied by a filament from the fifth and sixth cervical nerves; the Serratus anterior is supplied by the long thoracic, which is derived from the fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical nerves.
	www.bartleby.com /107/122.html (1805 words)

	eMedicine - Breast Anatomy : Article by Linda Li
		The long thoracic nerve serves to innervate the serratus anterior, which acts to rotate the scapula, raising the point of the shoulder and drawing the scapula forward toward the body.
		Because the serratus anterior underlies the lateral aspect of the breast, in aesthetic surgery, blunt elevation of the pectoralis major laterally inadvertently elevates a small portion of the serratus muscle.
		Its origin is from the lower 8 ribs, and its insertion is along the anterior half of the iliac crest and the aponeurosis of the linea alba from the xiphoid to the pubis.
	www.emedicine.com /plastic/topic113.htm (1168 words)

	Self-Treatment for Side Stitch Caused by Trigger Points in Serratus Anterior Muscle
		Pain from trigger points in a serratus anterior muscle is usually felt in the side and in the mid back at the lower end of the shoulder blade.
		When serratus anterior muscles are in trouble, additional stress is put on the scalene, sternocleidomastoid, and serratus posterior muscles, all of which aid in forced inhalation.
		Since the serratus anterior is so active, not only in strenuous breathing, but also in movements of the arm and shoulder, it’s particularly vulnerable to overuse in tennis, swimming, running, chin-ups, push-ups, weight lifting, and workouts on the pommel horse or the rings.
	www.triggerpointbook.com /sidestit.htm (631 words)

	Chapter 8: THE SHOULDER AND AXILLA
		Paralysis of the serratus anterior (e.g., from injury or inflammation of its nerve) is characterized by "winging" of the scapula, i.e., the medial border of the bone stands away from the chest wall.
		The anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks unite to form the lateral cord, that of the lower trunk constitutes the medial cord, and the three posterior divisions join to form the posterior cord.
		Similarly, in flexion the arm is carried anterior and medial across the front of the chest, and in extension it moves posterior and lateral away from the chest.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~humananatomy/part_2/chapter_8.html (5094 words)

	SERRATUS (Site not responding. Last check: )
		: vorderer Sägezahnmuskel; veraltet: Musculus serratus lateralis [Jenaer Nomina Anatomica, 1935]) beginnt an einer Leiste unter der ganzen Länge des Schulterblatts (Margo medialis scapulae und Angulus inf.
		Der obere Teil des Serratus wird vom Brustmuskel überdeckt und ist nicht auf der Körperoberfläche sichtbar.
		Bei dieser Aufgabe hat der Serratus einen Helfer: den Trapezmuskel.
	www.toonorama.com /encyclopedia/S/Serratus (184 words)

	Rahul Kumar Nath, MD ^ Long Thoracic Nerve, Winging Scapula Injury, Winging Scapula Surgery, Serratus Anterior Injury, ...
		Anterior scalene resection was also performed at this time, although this was generally partial, and only sufficient to release the most superficial fibers compressing the upper trunk.
		Its lack of substance in relation to the bulk of the serratus anterior muscle teleologically predisposes the neuromuscular unit to dysfunction.
		As with the anterior scalenectomy, the middle scalene was resected sufficiently to decompress the long thoracic nerve as it traversed and exited the muscle.
	www.drnathwingingscapula.com /surgery/index.php (916 words)

	serratus anterior (anatomy) - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: )
		On each side, serratus anterior is a large, broad sheet-like muscle which runs from thorax to scapula.
		Serratus in Latin means saw-like, the appearance of the anterior origin of the muscle.
		Serratus anterior is innervated by the long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7); nerve damage or muscular weakness may cause a winged scapula - see submenu.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/315621454.htm (296 words)

	ANATOMICAL EVIDENCE FOR PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WOODPECKERS
		Origin of the anterior superficial portion usually is from part or all of the last two cervical spinous processes, and insertion is on the dorsal margin of the scapular blade near the bend (Figure 3).
		Origin of serratus anterior from the first thoracic and last cervical ribs, serratus posterior from ribs 1, 2, 3, and 4 and the origin of serratus metapatagialis from rib 3 are considered primitive features in Dinopium.
		Serratus anterior originates from the last cervical rib (Figure 2) except in Melanerpes formicivorus and Centurus pucherani in which the origin is the last cervical and first thoracic.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Auk/v089n01/p0065-p0085.html (13438 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For the serratus anterior muscle, the subject was seated and resistance was applied to a forward thrust of the arm and protraction of the scapula.
		During the 31- to 60-degree phase, the decreased serratus anterior muscle activity was consistent with decreased upward rotation in the subjects with shoulder impingement.
		The serratus anterior muscle is believed to provide the primary muscular force to produce posterior tipping of the scapula and stabilize the scapular inferior angle against the thorax during humeral elevation.
	www.ptjournal.org /PTJournal/March2000/v80n3p276.cfm (8229 words)

	Serratus anterior paralysis in the young athlete - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		One patient had recurrent partial paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle, the first such case reported.
		From studies on cadavera and clinical observations, we concluded that paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle results from a traction injury to the long thoracic nerve of Bell.
		Non-strenuous use of the involved extremity with avoidance of the precipitating activity, followed by exercises designed to maintain the range of motion of the shoulder and to increase the strength of associated muscles, is advocated for treatment of acute or repetitive injuries to the long thoracic nerve of Bell.
	new.wheelessonline.com /ortho/serratus_anterior_paralysis_in_the_young_athlete (167 words)

	The Physician and Sportsmedicine: Detecting and Treating Shoulder Impingement Syndrome
		The superior fibers of the serratus anterior are activated to maintain proximity between the scapula and thoracic cage and to oppose the pull of the deltoid muscle (figure 2B).
		The combined lateral torque of the serratus anterior and rotator cuff is counterbalanced by the levator scapulae, rhomboids, and lower fibers of the trapezius.
		Thus, the lower fibers of the serratus anterior are free to drive the inferior scapular angle laterally, achieving upward scapular rotation about an imaginary axis extending from the sternoclavicular joint to the point of the root of the scapular spine.
	www.physsportsmed.com /issues/2003/0703/depalma.htm (3456 words)

	Home Page
		Weakness or paralysis of the serratus anterior, secondary to palsy of the long thoracic nerve, is the commonest cause of winging.
		Scapular winging associated with serratus anterior dysfunction is characterized by prominence of the lower tip of the scapula and loss of scapula protraction during shoulder elevation.
		In 12 of 20 extremities (60%), no serratus anterior abnormalities were found, in 7 examinations (20%) subtle, transient abnormalities in the serratus examination were described, and in one patient (5%), evidence of supraclavicular long thoracic nerve injury was clearly documented prior to surgery, with possible loss of continuity.
	freespace.virgin.net /steven.fromm (14065 words)

	Serratus Anterior - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		- serratus anterior arises from upper eight ribs, inserts on vertebral border of scapula, is innervated by long thoracic nerve,
		- inferior three slips of serratus anterior may be used for free tissue transfer for coverage of dorsal and palmar defects in the hand;
		The serratus anterior free-muscle transplant for reconstruction of the injured hand: an analysis of the donor and recipient sites.
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/serratus_anterior (498 words)

	KIRSCH et al. Model-based neuroprostheses development (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The serratus anterior participates in the rotation and fixation of the scapula.
		Anterior (subscapularis) and posterior (infraspinatus, supraspinatus, teres minor) views of each of the rotator cuff muscles are illustrated, along with a lateral view of all four muscles and their anatomical relation to the glenoid fossa.
		However, adding a set of stabilizing muscles (subscapularis, supraspinatus, teres minor, and serratus anterior), made it possible for the arm to be held at all elevation angles except one--when the arm was horizontal and the gravity moment in abduction was maximum.
	www.vard.org /jour/01/38/6/kirsc386.htm (3764 words)

	"L'épaule" Démo
		CONCLUSION: Serratus anterior paralysis, following anesthesia or local invasive procedures on the anterolateral aspect of the thorax, may cause considerable and long-term dysfunction of the shoulder girdle and affect the function of the whole upper limb.
		Duncan MA, Lotze MT, Gerber LH, Rosenberg SA The purposes of this study were to determine the occurrence of serratus anterior muscle weakness after axillary node dissection, to monitor the recovery of serratus anterior muscle strength, and to compare shoulder range of motion in palsied and nonpalsied groups.
		The mechanism of long thoracic nerve injury and the clinical significance of serratus anterior muscle palsy are discussed as well as the rationa le for early detection and proper physical therapy management.
	www.ombregt.be /schouder/fr/snthlon.htm (806 words)

	Anantomy and Asana Serratus Anterior
		The serratus anterior is located in the area of the scapula and rib cage.
		When the whole serratus anterior contracts, it pulls the scapula into protraction, as if the scapula was moving forward, under the arm pit.
		However, there are a lot of yogis and yoginis whose serratus anterior are contracted and weak and unable to maintain their arm in an overhead position, leaving them prone to unfortunate dysfunction of their shoulder girdle which can lead to neck pain, elbow pain and wrist pain.
	www.vancouveryoga.com /anatomy_serratusanterior.html (628 words)

	Muscles of the Pectoral, Back and Shoulder Regions (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The serratus anterior protracts the scapula and holds or fixes it against the thoracic wall.
		In addition the arm cannot be abducted farther than the horizontal position because the serratus anterior is unable to rotate the scapula and raise the glenoid fossa.
		The muscles of the shoulder are divided into three groups: (1) the superficial extrinsic muscles (trapezius and latissimus dorsi); (2) the deep extrinsic muscles (levator scapulae, rhomboids, and serratus anterior); and (3) the intrinsic muscles (deltoid, supraspinous, infraspinous, teres minor, teres major, and subscapularis).
	www.geocities.com /medinotes/mmp-b-s.htm (1326 words)

	Clinical Case - Axilla & Arm (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the process of performing the mastectomy, the surgeon probably damaged the long thoracic nerve, which is particularly vulnerable due to its location on the superficial side of the serratus anterior as it proceeds down the thoracic wall.
		Ordinarily, the lower fibers of the serratus anterior and the upper fibers of the trapezius produce lateral rotation of the scapula.
		Winging of the scapula during this maneuver is generally associated with weakness of the serratus anterior.
	www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/limbs/axilla_case.html (753 words)

	Prelab Images - Pectoral Region & Breast (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The lateral thoracic artery branches off the axillary artery in plates 410 and 412 and supplies blood to the serratus anterior in plate 185.
		Plate 176 is another view of the neurovascular supply of the serratus anterior.
		The insertion of the serratus anterior into the scapula is shown in plate 403.
	www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/musculoskeletal_system/pectoral_pre.html (538 words)

	Shoulder Update, Part II
		The serratus anterior punch, scaption with external rotation, dynamic hug, knee push-up plus and push-up plus exercises demonstrated muscle activity greater than 20% of a maximal voluntary contraction.
		The serratus anterior is also maximally stimulated at all higher ranges of elevation, including abduction, scaption and flexion.
		Using cadavers, simulated protraction of the scapula was performed and anterior translation using a 15N force was added at neutral, 10 degrees and 20 degrees of protraction.
	www.chiroweb.com /hg/18/02/19.html (782 words)

	Scapular Winging Secondary to Serratus Anterior Dysfunction: A Case Report and Literature Review
		Various conditions may result in scapular winging; however, dysfunction of the serratus anterior muscle from long thoracic nerve injury is the most common cause.
		Paralysis of the serratus anterior can be functionally disabling and present with pain, weakness, decreased shoulder elevation, medial translation of the scapula, rotation of the inferior angle towards the midline, and prominence of the vertebral border of the scapula.
		EMG nerve conduction studies confirmed long thoracic nerve injury as the cause of the patient’s serratus anterior dysfunction.
	www.datatrace.com /medical/jsoa/JSOA_alabama-23.htm (290 words)

	PNEUMON (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The procedure during which the lateral thoracic wall muscles the latissimus dorsi and the serratus anterior are being spared, represents an alternative approach.
		During this type of thoracotomy, the skin incision is identical to the standard procedure, the latissimus dorsi muscle is partially divided and the serratus anterior muscle is mobilized, after its posterior margin is identified and his posterior fascia divided and thereafter, the hemithorax is entered through the 4th, 5th or 6th interspace.
		By sparing the serratus anterior muscle, as well as the greatest part of the latissimus dorsi muscle, faster patient recovery, while postoperative pain and use of analgetics, as well as duration of hospital stay are descreased.
	www.mednet.gr /pneumon/1401-6e.htm (255 words)

	Medicine and Science in Tennis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The serratus anterior is a large muscle attached to the scapula, covering much of the lateral aspect of the thorax.
		It is formed by the anterior branches from the fifth, sixth and seventh cervical nerves, which pass through the scalenus medius.
		Hester recently suggested that one cause of long thoracic nerve injury could be 'bow-stringing' of the nerve across a tight fascial band arising from the inferior aspect of the plexus brachial and extending to the proximal aspect of the serratus anterior.
	www.stms.nl /june2001/artikel28.htm (847 words)

	Military Medicine: An Isolated Long Thoracic Nerve Injury in a Navy Airman
		Serratus anterior paralysis attributable to injury of the long thoracic nerve was first described in the literature by Velpeau1 (in 1837 as winging of the scapula known as scapula alata).2 In serratus anterior palsy, the pain and deformity at rest are minimal, with slight winging of the lower portion of the scapula.
		The lower part of the medial border of the scapula is closer to the vertebral column due to the action of the rhomboids and levator scapulae.
		The scapular winging was thought to be primarily due to serratus anterior muscle weakness.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3912/is_200409/ai_n9432784 (1031 words)

	AAPM&R - January 1999 EMG Case (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The primary function of the serratus anterior muscle is to stabilize the medial scapula against the thorax when the upper limbs are thrust forward.
		The serratus anterior also functions as an upward rotator of the scapula, thus active abduction of the limb is typically limited.
		In contrast to serratus anterior weakness, trapezius weakness produces winging which is most pronounced with abduction rather than forward flexion of the limb.
	www.aapmr.org /education/archive/emg9901a.htm (726 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The muscular activity of the deltoid, trapezius and serratus anterior was recorded by mean of surface EMG.
		The muscular activity of the deltoid (anterior, middle and posterior), trapezius (upper and lower) and serratus anterior was recorded in each stationary arm position by means of silver chloride self-adhesive electrodes (Medi-Trace®), glue to the skin with an inter-electrode distance of 24 mm.
		It was verified that the deltoid, trapezius and serratus anterior activity, it is not only greatly influenced by the magnitude of the external load but also by the arm elevation angle (Hz), the elevation plane (Hy), some clavicular and scapular rotation and some parameters regarding the initial position of the shoulder girdle.
	feswww.fes.cwru.edu /archive/isg/proceedings/pascoal.doc (2017 words)

	AAPM&R - December 1998 EMG Case (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The serratus anterior functions to upwardly rotate and protract the scapula, as well as maintain the scapula’s position against the chest wall during forward elevation of the limb.
		Unlike serratus anterior dysfunction, winging from trapezius weakness is accentuated with humeral abduction rather than forward flexion.
		In designing the electrophysiologic study, it is important to verify involvement of the serratus anterior versus other causes of scapular winging, determine the extent of axon loss if possible, and distinguishes an isolated long thoracic nerve lesion from a more diffuse neuropathic process.
	www.aapmr.org /education/archive/emg9812a.htm (1071 words)

	AAPM&R - Case No. 51, cont
		The nerve then descends dorsal to the brachial plexus and the first part of the axillary artery to the lower border of the serratus anterior, where it is superficial and susceptible to local trauma.
		Contraction of the serratus muscle causes the scapula to move anteriorly, holding it against the thorax during shoulder protraction.
		The patient should also be instructed to restrict everyday activities that cause overstretching of the serratus anterior muscle, especially those that require the arm to assume a forward flexed position.
	www.aapmr.org /education/archive/emg0105e.htm (618 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)