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Topic: Serum protein electrophoresis

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	SPE Interpretations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Serum protein electrophoresis demonstrates evidence of acute and chronic inflammation with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and elevation of acute phase proteins.
		Serum protein electrophoresis demonstrates an abnormal band in the fast gamma region, which is suspicious for fibrinogen (i.e., a plasma sample vs serum).
		Serum protein electrophoresis is normal except for a band of protein precipitate at the origin.
	dpalm.med.uth.tmc.edu /clinicalservices/Interps/SpeINT.html (1755 words)

	Immunofixation of Serum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Serum immunofixation demonstrates a monoclonal IgG kappa paraprotein corresponding to the abnormal protein detected on serum protein electrophoresis.
		Serum immunofixation demonstrates a monoclonal IgG Lambda paraprotein corresponding to the abnormal protein detected on serum protein electrophoresis.
		Serum immunofixation demonstrates a monoclonal IgM kappa paraprotein corresponding to the abnormal protein detected on serum protein electrophoresis.
	dpalm.med.uth.tmc.edu /clinicalservices/Interps/IFIXINT.html (1637 words)

	Electrophoresis: The Test
		Electrophoresis is not usually necessary to assess the loss of small to moderate amounts of protein due to temporary conditions, such as a urinary tract infection or an acute inflammation.
		Protein electrophoresis may be ordered when a doctor is investigating symptoms that suggest multiple myeloma, such as bone pain, anemia, fatigue, unexplained fractures, and recurrent infections.
		Serum protein electrophoresis may also be ordered when symptoms suggest an inflammatory condition, an autoimmune disease, an acute or chronic infection, a kidney or liver disorder, or a protein-losing condition, even if the total protein and/or albumin concentrations are apparently normal.
	www.labtestsonline.org /understanding/analytes/electrophoresis/test.html (916 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Protein electrophoresis - serum
		Individual proteins, with the exception of albumin, are not usually measured.
		Serum proteins are separated into albumin and globulins.
		Albumin is the protein of highest concentration in the serum.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003540.htm (901 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine: Protein electrophoresis
		Protein electrophoresis is used to evaluate, diagnose and monitor a variety of diseases and conditions.
		Protein electrophoresis is used to determine the total amount of protein in the blood, and to establish the levels of other types of proteins called albumin, alpha
		Protein electrophoresis is performed on urine samples to classify kidney disorders that cause protein loss.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0011/ai_2601001128 (1104 words)

	American Family Physician: Understanding and interpreting serum protein electrophoresis
		Serum serum protein electrophoresis is a laboratory examination that commonly is used to identify patients with multiple myeloma and other disorders of protein.
		The subsets of these proteins and their relative quantity are the primary focus of the interpretation of serum protein electrophoresis.
		An M protein is characterized by the presence of a sharp, well-defined band with a single heavy chain and a similar band with a kappa or lambda light chain.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_1_71/ai_n8702975 (1280 words)

	► Protein electrophoresis - serum
		Protein electrophoresis - serum is a test that roughly quantitates the various protein fractions in serum (see also immunoelectrophoresis - serum; immunofixation - serum; serum globulin electrophoresis).
		Proteins are important constituents of all cells and tissues.
		Serum proteins are grossly separated into albumin and globulins, i.e., total protein = albumin + globulin.
	www.umm.edu /ency/article/003540.htm (734 words)

	Case 390 --Clinical Immunopathology Case
		Once the diagnosis of CIDP was made, serum protein electrophoresis was performed to evaluate for monoclonal gammopathy.
		Immunofixation electrophoresis (Figure 2) was performed to further characterize the band.
		The serum sample used to perform the electrophoresis procedures was visually examined, and fine filamentous yellow precipitate was observed in the serum sample.
	path.upmc.edu /cases/case390.html (341 words)

	Total Serum Protein
		A total serum protein test measures the total amount of protein in blood serum as well as the amounts of albumin and globulin.
		An increase in serum globulin can indicate a rare type of blood cancer called multiple myeloma, leukemia, an autoimmune disease (such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or autoimmune hepatitis), kidney disease, liver disease, a chronic infection (such as tuberculosis), hemolytic anemia, sarcoidosis, or severe dehydration.
		If the results of the total serum protein test are abnormal (especially the globulin levels), another test called serum protein electrophoresis is often done.
	www.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/hw43614.asp (1198 words)

	Vitamin C Serum -- Recommendations and Resources
		Serum sickness is a reaction to an antiserum derived from an animal source.
		Serum sickness typically develops up to ten days after exposure to the antiserum, and symptoms are similar to an allergic reaction.
		Serum sickness can be developed as a result of exposure to antibodies derived from animals.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/161/vitamin-c-serum.html (241 words)

	Electrophoresis: The Test Sample (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Protein electrophoresis is a method for separating the proteins found in blood (serum) or urine.
		These separated proteins may be detected by the use of a dye that binds to (stains) all of the proteins and reveals a characteristic pattern of bands.
		In contrast to other proteins in serum, which are typically of a single type, antibodies (immunoglobulins) must differ from each other to be able to recognise bacteria, viruses and other 'foreign' substances.
	www.labtestsonline.org.uk /understanding/analytes/electrophoresis/sample.html (590 words)

	Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPE) - [Medical Test]
		Proteins are substances made up of smaller building blocks called amino acids.
		Proteins carry a positive or a negative electrical charge, and they move in fluid when placed in an electrical field.
		Serum protein electrophoresis uses an electrical field to separate the proteins in the blood serum into groups of similar size, shape, and charge.
	www.peacehealth.org /kbase/topic/medtest/hw43650/descrip.htm (308 words)

	Appendix II: Protein Studies: BC Cancer Agency
		Serum protein electrophoresis with or without certain additional tests is required on all new patients with multiple myeloma or other plasma cell disorders, malignant lymphoma and all patients with chronic B or T lymphoid leukemias.
		SPE is performed by cellulose acetate or high resolution agarose gel electrophoresis.
		In the majority of patients with myeloma, SPE is useful for diagnosis usually demonstrating a monoclonal protein, associated hypogammaglobulinemia or both.
	www.bccancer.bc.ca /HPI/CancerManagementGuidelines/Lymphoma/AppendixII.htm (436 words)

	Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPE)
		Serum protein electrophoresis is most often done to screen for multiple myeloma, a rare type of cancer that causes overproduction of a type of the antibody IgM (Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia), or a disease that causes an abnormal buildup of protein in various body organs (amyloidosis).
		Although abnormal protein levels may be found in many conditions (such as kidney disease, chronic liver disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, or leprosy), serum protein electrophoresis is not done to diagnose these conditions.
		Serum protein electrophoresis may be done to evaluate hypogammaglobulinemia (HGG), a condition characterized by low levels of gamma globulin antibodies.
	www.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/hw43650.asp (1288 words)

	Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPE) What To Think About, Eastern Carolina
		Electrophoresis on protein in urine may also be done, especially if the results of the serum protein electrophoresis test are abnormal.
		Normally very little protein is found in urine, but certain diseases (such as multiple myeloma) cause large amounts of protein to leak into the urine.
		Although abnormal protein levels may be found in many conditions (such as kidney disease, chronic liver disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, or leprosy), serum protein electrophoresis is usually not done to diagnose these conditions.
	www.uhseast.com /167650.cfm (262 words)

	Multiple Myeloma
		The frequency of the various immunoglobulin types of MM parallels the serum concentrations of those Igs: IgG in 60% to 70%, IgA in 20%, and light chain in only 15%; few cases of IgD and IgE have been reported, and approximately 1% of patients are nonsecretors.
		A monoclonal protein (M-protein) is usually seen as a narrow peak (like a church spire) in the densitometer tracing.
		Features of MM that distinguish it from MGUS include greater concentrations of serum and urine M proteins, increased percentage of bone marrow plasma cells, higher plasma cell label-ing index, the presence of lytic bone lesions, and the presence of circulating plasma cells in the peripheral blood.
	members.tripod.com /enotes/myeloma.htm (1620 words)

	HAPS - Education Information - Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Serum samples are injected into a narrow-bore capillary tube and the protein fractions are separated in a liquid phase buffer by the application of high voltage across the capillary.
		The typing of the monoclonal component is determined by overlaying SPE electropherograms from before and after incubation with antisera to visually determine which heavy and light chain antisera has removed the monoclonal protein (immunosubtraction) from the serum.
		The immunosubtraction indicates the monoclonal protein is IgG Kappa.
	www.haps.nsw.gov.au /edrsrch/edinfo/cze.html (396 words)

	Protein electrophoresis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In chemistry and medicine, protein electrophoresis is a method of analysing a mixture of proteins by means of gel electrophoresis, mainly in blood serum (blood plasma is not suitable).
		There are two large classes of blood proteins: albumin and globulin.
		They are generally equal in proportion, but albumin is much smaller and lightly negatively charged, leading to an accumulation of albumin on the electrophoretic gel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Protein_electrophoresis (178 words)

	Final Diagnosis -- Case 390
		The position of the band and the observation of material in the serum raised the possibility that fibrinogen was the band in the gamma region on serum protein electrophoresis.
		Fibrinogen is not normally seen in serum but if present would appear in serum electrophoresis as a distinct band between the β- and γ-globulins.
		If the immunofixation had not been performed and only protein electrophoresis reported, it is possible that this patient would have been evaluated for a monoclonal protein that did not exist.
	path.upmc.edu /cases/case390/dx.html (606 words)

	SERUM PROTEINS
		Serum protein electrophoresis is generally performed to identify patients who have paraproteins.
		This is a single protein involved in the transport of thyroid hormones and vitamin A derivatives, worth mentioning because it migrates on the far side of albumin (hence the misleading old name "prealbumin").
		It is usually not visible on routine serum protein electrophoresis, but measuring it by a separate assay is usable as an indicator of general health.
	www.pathguy.com /lectures/proteins.htm (2748 words)

	A List of the Immunoassays
		The Coomb's test is used to detect the presence of human immunoglobulin bound to the surface of patient RBCs (Direct Coomb's) or the presence of immunoglobulin in the patient's serum with the POTENTIAL for binding to appropriate RBCs from an Rh+ infant or a MHC incompatible tissue donor or recipient (Indirect Coomb's).
		Serum Protein Electrophoresis is a method that utilizes electrophoretic separation of blood proteins from patient serum OR plasma within a agarose matrix.
		Proteins are separated on the basis of native charge and can be detected by staining.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/micro/pops2.htm (953 words)

	Plasma cell hyperplasia and monoclonal paraproteinemia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.
		Serum protein electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis and/or immunofixation electrophoresis revealed monoclonal spikes in five of 18 patients tested.
		The remaining patients with an abnormal serum protein electrophoresis showed a polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia.
		Immunohistochemical stains for kappa and lambda light chains were performed in the bone marrow specimens to determine the presence and/or absence of light-chain preponderance or monoclonality.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1993/aug/M9380491.html (411 words)

	Dr. Schilling's Net Health Book - Multiple Myeloma
		The serum M protein on serum protein electrophoresis is very suggestive of multiple myeloma.
		The overall survival is 2.5 to 3 years, but depending on the extent of the disease at diagnosis this can be modified significantly, in some cases with survivals of up to 10 to 20 years.
		Generally speaking poor prognostic indicators at the time of the initial diagnosis are: high levels of M protein in serum or urine, diffuse bone lesions, anemia, high blood calcium levels and renal failure.
	www.nethealthbook.com /multiplemyeloma.html (1093 words)

	SERUM PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Serum protein electrophoresis (e-lek-tro for-e-esis) or "SPEP" is a blood test.
		If you have an abnormal serum total protein or have certain symptoms your caregiver may want you to have an SPEP.
		Your caregiver may suspect that you have a problem with the proteins in your blood.
	www.medformation.com /ac/mm_qdis.nsf/qd/nd7021g.htm (458 words)

	Information Directory serum protein electrophoresis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Pathology Associates of Lexington, P.A. our pathology group notes Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPE) The most common reason for doing the SPE is to check for the presence of a monoclonal gammopathy.
		Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPE)How It Feels You may feel nothing at all from the needle puncture, or you may feel a brief sting...
		Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPE) SPEP Risks There is very little risk of complications from having blood drawn from a vein.
	www.healthy-shopper.com /protein/serum-protein-electrophoresis.htm (515 words)

	Serum and Urine Protein Electrophoresis (SPE/UPE) - The Binding Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Serum protein electrophoresis is particularly suitable for the initial screening of serum (or concentrated urine) for monoclonal immunoglobulins and light chains (Bence Jones protein), aiding in the diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathies.
		Samples exhibiting abnormal bands by SPE or UPE should be further investigated by quantitation of free light chains, immunofixation and quantitation of other specific serum proteins.
		Protein fixative and monospecific antisera to IgG, IgA, IgM, Kappa and Lambda are applied to the gel.
	www.bindingsite.co.uk /electrophoresis.asp (355 words)

	Protein Electrophoresis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Plasma Protein Electrophoresis of the Atlantic Loggerhead Sea Turtle, Carretta c...
		Serum protein electrophoresis by CZE 2000 clinical capillary electrophoresis sys...
		Protein Analysis: Tools for Western blotting, protein electrophoresis, and prote...
	www.scienceoxygen.com /medical/246.html (181 words)

	UpToDate Recognition of monoclonal proteins
		Analysis of serum or urine to detect the presence of an M-protein and identify it according to its heavy chain class and light chain type requires a sensitive, rapid, and dependable screening method [1].
		— Analysis of serum for the presence of M-proteins is classically performed using electrophoretic techniques, supplemented with additional tests for protein quantification and methodologies to determine whether the protein arises from a single clone (ie, monoclonal).
		In the electrophoretic methodologies, proteins are classified by their final position after electrophoresis is complete into five general regions: albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta, and gamma (show figure 1).
	patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=plasma/5217 (555 words)

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