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Topic: Servian Wall

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	Aurelian Walls - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 12.5 mile long wall was intended to defend the city of Rome, capital of the Roman Empire, from barbarian attacks.
		However, by the 3rd century, the new menace of barbarian tribes flooding through the German frontier could not be easily stopped by the Roman Army, with the empire in a heavy crisis.
		The Aurelian Wall continued as a significant military defense for the city of Rome until September 20, 1870, when the Bersaglieri of the army of the Kingdom of Italy breached the wall near the Porta Pia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aurelian_Walls (421 words)

	SECTION OF - Online Information article about SECTION OF
		Hence the- wall skirts the slopes-of the 'Caelian (where, as is probable, it was pierced by the Porta Caelemontanaand Porta Querquetulana) to the valley along which the Via Appia passed through the Porta Capena, near the church of S. Gregorio.
		The wall is built of blocks of tufa, usually the softer kinds, but varying according to its position, as in most cases the stone used was that quarried on the spot.
		Finally, where'the wall skirts the bank of the Tiber it is built in two sections—a foundation about 2 metres in height and 3 in width, which forms a landing-stage, and an upper wall, 6 metres high, which retains the bank.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /SCY_SHA/SECTION_OF.html (6100 words)

	Intra Muros/Extra Muros -- Inside/Outside the Roman Walls
		The date of the Servian walls is fairly clear because they were built predominantly of greyish-yellow tuffa stone from the Grotta Oscura quarries in Veii, a type of stone not available in Rome until after it had taken Veii in the first quarter of the 4th century BC.
		The Servian walls can also be seen as an attempt to close the barn door after the horses were already out -- they were built after the sack of Rome by the Gauls, to try to prevent a repetition of that terrible event of 390.
		The walls were kept in repair as well as they could be, and in the middle of the 9th century Pope Leo IV built walls on the Trastevere side of the Tiber that brought the Vatican within the circuit.
	www.mmdtkw.org /VWalls.html (1613 words)

	SERVIAN WALLS
		The longest surviving stretch of these walls is the one on the left side of Rome's central train station, Stazione Termini.
		Since the ruin is not made of the usual large tufus blocks, but mainly of bricks, this may have been a fragment of a house, or another structure, built against the old wall once the latter had turned obsolete, rather than a part of the gate itself.
		A relatively long stretch of Servian wall, protected by a tall iron railing, stands on the spot where the aforesaid street meets the square, while a similar part of the wall is still standing on one side of the same street, only a few metres further uphill.
	it.geocities.com /mp_pollett/servian.htm (1453 words)

	FORUM HOLITORIUM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Its south-east and north-east limits were marked by the Servian wall and the slope of the Capitoline hill, and it extended north-west across the present Piazza Montanara.
		This peperino wall perhaps marks the northern limit of the forum which, after it was surrounded by buildings, was about 125 by 40-50 metres in area.
		Its eastern corner, between the Capitoline and the Servian wall, was closed by a building, apparently a large porticus, that has been erroneously identified with the PORTICUS MINUCIA.
	www.mmdtkw.org /RT04-ForumHolitarium.html (322 words)

	Servian Wall - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The arch of Gallienus, the ancient Esquilin gate, was an opening in the Servian Wall.
		The Servian Wall is named after the sixth Roman King, Servius Tullius, even if the walls were built during the Roman Republic, after the Sack of Rome by the Gauls of Brennus.
		Later, the city expanded well beyond the Servian Wall, well protected by the military strenght of the Republic and of the Empire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Servian_Wall (198 words)

	The Subura (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		These Regiones Quattuor are often referred to as the Servian city, and the districts were recognized as the main divisions of the city up to the end of the Republic.
		While the original Servian walls did not include all of the Esquiline, it was definitely within the city walls by the time of Sulla (138 - 78 BCE).
		The cemetery on the Esquiline must have seemed, to the eyes of the Romans of the era in which it was in its heaviest use, to be a slice of the underworld come up to the world of the living.
	heraklia.fws1.com /AncientSites/Esquiline.html (1034 words)

	Livius Picture Archive: Rome - Servian wall
		Fragment of the Servian wall at the Piazza Magnanapoli.
		During the civil wars, the wall was improved with catapult batteries, but after the age of Julius Caesar, it fell into disrepair.
		A cross-section of the Servian Wall on the Aventine, along the Via Sant' Anselmo, close to the Piazza Albania.
	www.livius.org /a/italy/rome/servianwall/servianwall.html (236 words)

	MSN Encarta - Printer-friendly - Rome
		After a Gallic invasion early in the 4th century bc, the so-called Servian Wall was built around the city.
		Because of the decline already threatening the empire, a wall was built around the city during the 3rd century.
		During the papacy (1447-1455) of Nicholas V the defence walls were repaired, palaces built, and churches restored.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761556259___6/Rome.html (1371 words)

	Servian Wall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Servian wall is attributed to and takes its name from the 6th Roman king, Servius Tullius.
		One can trace the wall from the Pons Sublicius at the Tiber, along the Capitoline Hill, then north to the Quirinal and Viminal Hills, and south to the Esquiline Hill.
		The wall continued around the Aventine connecting again with the Pons Sublicius.
	www.vroma.org /~jjahnige/servianwall.html (97 words)

	a - 0552.htm
		This wall, called the agger, because it was built specially for purposes of defence, remained the wall of Rome till, late in the Empire, in the time of Aurelian (3rd cent.
		Outside the Servian wall there was a trench 100 ft. broad and 30 ft. deep.
		Within this the wall proper was built of large rectangular blocks, and behind this wall there was an embankment 100 ft. wide and 30 ft. high, pierced by the channels of aqueducts.
	www.ccel.org /h/hastings/dict2/htm/0552=536.htm (1046 words)

	The Decline and Fall...
		The Aurelian wall was the second wall to be built around Rome; the first was the Servian Wall.
		The Romans' desperation is evident; as many existing structures as possible were incorporated into the structure including the Amphitheater Castrense, the wall of the Castra Pretoria and several aqueducts.
		The Aurelian Wall was built-upon and added to by Maxentius about 30 years later, before all of that messiness he had to endure with Constantine (note to myself, do a write-up on what a ruthless bastard Constantine (I know you know who Constantine was) was).
	www.alanzeleznikar.com /travels/rome_2001/aurelian_castrense.html (1484 words)

	Roma > XIII Regio (Aventinus)
		XIII, Aventinus, the Aventine and the district south of it, between the boundaries of XII and XI, the Aurelian wall, and the Tiber.
		The line of the 'Servian' wall crossed this eastern elevation south of S. Saba and west of S. Balbina, and thus included a section that was considerably smaller than the trapezoidal hill to the north-west.
		Another explanation of this exclusion is that the hill was not included within any wall until the Servian wall was rebuilt in the fourth century, and therefore was outside the pomerium (CP 1909, 420-432; AJA 1918, 175; TF 117-120); for still other theories, and a resume of the whole discussion, see Merlin, op.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/175854 (860 words)

	S. Sabba Abate
		Ancient Rome had three sets of walls: a) the wall built when Rome was founded by Romulus on April 21, 753 B.C. (the Romans counted the years ab urbe condita from this date).
		The valley between the two peaks of the Aventine retains one of the two remaining stretches of the Servian Wall.
		The wall shows the arched opening of a ballista room from which stones were thrown on the assaillants.
	www.members.tripod.com /romeartlover/Vasi57.html (442 words)

	Rome Unleashed - Origins of Rome
		This settlement was intelligently positioned, as it was overlooking aconvenient crossing point on the Tiber and near a important salt route to and from the river mouth.
		This is the oldest defence which survives today, the Servian Wall, which dates back from the 4th century BC.
		Roman historians state that the Romans evicted their last Etruscan king, Tarquin the Proud, in 510 BC, and became a republic governed by a pair of annualy elected magistrates, the consuls.
	www.classicsunveiled.com /romeh/html/originsrome.html (300 words)

	MSN Encarta - Printer-friendly - Rome (Italy)
		Because of the deterioration already threatening the empire, a wall was built around the city during the 3rd century.
		By the following century, however, it was clear that the imperial court would have to be closer to the borders.
		During the papacy (1447-1455) of Nicholas V the defense walls were repaired, palaces built, and churches restored.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761556259___6/Rome_(Italy).html (1301 words)

	Encyclopedia article: Servian Wall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Servian Wall was a defensive barrier constructed around the city of Rome (Capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire) in the early 4th century BC.
		The wall was 3.6 meters thick, 11 kilometers long, and had 12 gates.
		It was named for the 6th Roman King, Servius Tullius (additional info and facts about Servius Tullius).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/se/servian_wall.htm (75 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: HERNANDEZ, DAVID
		The study begins with a reevaluation of the evidence for the Servian wall in the area of the Aventine, Palatine, and Capitoline, stemming from I. Ruggiero’s discovery that the hypothesis reconstructing the course of the Servian wall as running close to and parallel with the Tiber is based on erroneous data.
		A new model for the course of the Servian wall is proposed (i.e., one running to the Palatine and forming a closed-circuit fortification around Rome).
		The thesis concludes that the porta Triumphalis was located in the sanctuary of Hercules, implying that sanctuaries of Hercules and Jupiter constituted the binary topographical poles of every Roman triumphal procession.
	www.ohiolink.edu /etd/view.cgi?ucin1077839141 (200 words)

	Location and layout (from Rome) -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Almost 12 miles long and girdling about four square miles (10 square kilometres), this is the wall that Italian troops had to breach to claim their capital in 1870, and it is still largely intact.
		The ancient walled city of Rome embraces only 4 percent of the modern municipality's 582 square miles (1,507 square kilometres) and is the smallest of the city's 12 administrative zones.
		The walled centre is divided into 22 rioni (“districts”), the names of most dating from classical times, while surrounding it are 35 quartieri urbani (“urban sectors”) that began to be absorbed officially into the municipality after 1911.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-23873 (1121 words)

	Via Appia
		It was built in 312 BC by the Roman censor Appius Claudius Caecus.
		The road went south from the Servian Wall in Rome to Capua.
		At the sides of the road there were retaining walls, and a ditch on each side.
	www.geocities.com /Colosseum/Ring/5382/appian.html (242 words)

	Capena (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Porta Capena, the southern gateway in Rome's old Servian Wall (see a stretch of the wall on the Aventine), was the starting point for those journeying to the south.
		Nothing remains of the Porta Capena (an arch of the wall gives some idea of what it must have looked like) which was at the head of the Via Appia.
		This oldest and most important of the Roman roads originally went south as far as Capua, a city north of Naples, and eventually was extended to Brundisium.
	www.vroma.org /~araia/capena.html (137 words)

	Passionate about History
		Especially in matters of violating oaths, or moving boundary markers, violating the sacred bonds of the society which were safeguarded by the gods, the guilty were judged to be executed in order to restore the divine order, and in that sense might be considered as sacrificial victims."
		An example: "When Servius expanded the city walls, a sacrifice was made of four individuals, buried beneath the old pomerium wall that encircled the Palatine Hill.
		These sacrifices were made because the old wall was being violated in the process of extending the pomerium with the new Servian Wall."
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~mharrsch/2003/02/human-sacrifice-in-ancient-rome.html (361 words)

	Museo delle Mura \| Rome Sights & Activities \| Fodor's Online Travel Guide
		This museum is housed in the twin towers of Porta San Sebastiano, the largest, most important, and best-preserved city gate in the walls built by the emperor Aurelianus to defend Rome from the barbarians.
		A century later, after a new wave of invasions, the walls were restored and doubled in height.
		Restorations of a section of the wall that includes nine towers and a covered gallery are under way.
	www.fodors.com /miniguides/mgresults.cfm?destination=rome@130&cur_section=sig&property_id=1245 (162 words)

	The 22 Rioni - Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		They were originally four, Suburbana, Esquilina, Collatina and Palatina, all within the perimeter of the Republican or Servian Wall, the earliest municipal boundary.
		In 1743, pope Benedict XIV reorganized the 14 rioni, marking their new perimeters by means of a number of marble plaques, set along the streets as public reminders of the new boundaries.
		Also Prati was declared rione, the only one located outside the ancient Aurelian's Walls, due to a great urban expansion which had taken place in the area adjoning Borgo during the last decades of the 19th century.
	mp_pollett.tripod.com /rioni.htm (1588 words)

	Roma > V Regio (Esquiliae)
		After the Servian wall was built, the eastern limit of the region probably coincided with the wall, and the adjacent district beyond was organised as the Pagus Montanus (q.v.).
		Of the republican Esquiliae, the Oppius fell in the third and the Cispius in the fourth region.
		Its northern boundary was the street between the porta Viminals and the gate in the Aurelian wall south of the castra Praetoria.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/169964 (593 words)

	Roma > I Regio (Porta Capena)
		I, Porta Capena, so called from the gate in the Servian wall, an irregularly shaped district, beginning at the east corner of the Palatine, bounded on the west by that hill, and running south to some distance beyond the porta Capena between two lines not more than 150 meters apart on the average.
		A gate in the Servian wall on the south-west slope of the Caelian.
		The discovery of several portions of the wall in 1867-1868, and of what is probably a pier of the gate itself during the recent construction of the Passeggiata archeologica, has definitely established its location
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/167179 (457 words)

	ARTH 221 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Servian Wall: detail of wall near railroad station
		Servian Wall: section of wall near railroad station
		This collection is open to the entire web for searching and viewing the thumbnail images.
	www.arth.upenn.edu /spr02/221/221lecture4.html (99 words)

	architecture - chapter 4
		This is a wall decoration from another tomb - a god, presumably; but he's smiling and happy.
		Here is a sketch of an Etruscan temple which no longer exists (from the UCLA Art History department).
		There are still some fragments of the very ancient Servian Wall that once protected the republican city of Rome.
	people.sinclair.edu /thomasmartin/111/arch4.htm (732 words)

	Acquario Romano - Rome's former aquarium \| Italy Heaven
		The only fish and other sea creatures left are those painted and carved on the walls of the building.
		These are remains of the Servian Wall, which was built to circle the city in around the fourth century BC.
		Other parts ofthe wall can be seen nearby at Stazione Termini.
	www.italyheaven.co.uk /rome/acquarioromano.html (232 words)

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