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Topic: Sesamoid bone

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	II. Osteology. 6d. 5. The Sesamoid Bones. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		Sesamoid bones are also found occasionally at the metacarpophalangeal joints of the middle and ring fingers, at the interphalangeal joint of the thumb and at the distal interphalangeal joint of the index finger.
		Sesamoid bones apart from joints are seldom found in the tendons of the upper limb; one is sometimes seen in the tendon of the Biceps brachii opposite the radial tuberosity.
		Sesamoid bones are found occasionally in the tendon of the Glutæus maximus, as it passes over the greater trochanter, and in the tendons which wind around the medial and lateral malleoli.
	www.bartleby.com /107/67.html (471 words)

	Sesamoid bone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sesamoid bones are typically found in locations where a tendon passes over a joint.
		The presence of the sesamoid bone holds the tendon slightly further away from the center of the joint and thus increases its moment arm.
		In the horse, the term sesamoid bone usually refers to the two sesamoid bones found at the back of the fetlock or metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joints in both hindlimbs and forelimbs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sesamoid_bone (379 words)

	Hand - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The bones of proximal row are (from lateral to medial): scaphoid, lunate, triquetral and pisiform.
		The bones of the distal row are (from lateral to medial): trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate.
		Sesamoid bones are small ossified nodes embedded in the tendons to provide extra leverage and reduce pressure on the underlying tissue.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hand (1376 words)

	Evolution: The Panda's Thumb [Athro, Limited: Biology]
		Sesamoid bones are strange little bones that form in the bits of connective tissue that cross joints.
		The tibial sesamoid in the foot was also enlarged as an incidental side consequence of the way limb development works in mammals (with bones in the limbs tending to mimic each other).
		The original function of the radial sesamoid was to reduce the chance of tears in the tendon that runs to the thumb from a muscle in the arm (the sesamoid forms where this tendon bends around the edge of the wrist).
	www.athro.com /evo/pthumb.html (970 words)

	Sesamoiditis information at MyFootShop.com!
		Sesamoid is derived from Greek and refers to a sesame seed. The Greeks apparently related the shape of the sesamoid bone to a sesame seed.
		The sesamoid bones are an extension of the flexor hallucis brevis (FHB) muscle and give the FHB a greater range of motion and improved lever action at the level of the 1st MPJ.
		Sesamoid bones are referred to by their location and are called the tibial sesamoid (medial) and the fibular sesamoid (lateral). Tibial and fibular make reference to the bones of the lower leg.
	www.myfootshop.com /detail.asp?Condition=Sesamoiditis (504 words)

	Chapter 2: The locomotor system
		A bone is composed of several tissues, predominantly a specialized connective tissue that is, itself, called “bone.” Bones provide a framework of levers, they protect organs such as the brain and heart, their marrow forms certain blood cells, and they store and exchange calcium and phosphate ions.
		The hyaline cartilage that joins the bones is a persistent part of the embryonic cartilaginous skeleton and as such serves as a growth zone for one or both of the bones that it joins.
		The number of bones, sometimes given as 206 or 208, depends on what is included (e.g., auditory ossicles may be included but sesamoid bones may be excluded) and on age (the number of skeletal pieces is much greater in children and becomes reduced by fusion in later life).
	www.dartmouth.edu /~humananatomy/part_1/chapter_2.html (8552 words)

	Heel Pain, Foot Heel Pain, Pain in Heel: Dr. Robert Rosenstein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		The sesamoids are embedded in the flexor hallucis brevis tendon, one of several tendons that exert pressure from the big toe against the ground and help initiate the act of walking.
		In sesamoiditis, chronic abuse causes a gradual onset of pain and in a sesamoid fracture, the onset of pain usually results from traumatic injury to the ball of the foot.
		Because these bones are so small, the radiologist may be unable to distinguish a fractured sesamoid from a bipartite sesamoid, or a fractured bipartite sesamoid from a whole one.
	www.drrobertrosenstein.com /sesamoiditis.shtml (1146 words)

	Equine forelimb anatomy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The proximal sesamoids are paired bones which lie palmar to the metacarpophalangeal joint (the fetlock joint).
		These bones are sesamoids of the interosseous ligament (the suspensory ligament) of the forelimb.
		The distal sesamoid, or navicular bone (note that "navicular bone" is acceptable in a veterinary context), articulates closely with the distal phalanx, to which it is connected by the impar ligament of the navicular bone.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Equine_forelimb_anatomy (772 words)

	Sesamoiditis - Overview, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment - podiatrychannel
		Sesamoiditis is painful inflammation of the sesamoid apparatus, which is located in the forefoot.
		The sesamoid bones closest to the inner side of the foot are called medial sesamoid bones; the ones closest to the outside of the foot are called lateral sesamoid bones.
		A fracture of one or both sesamoid bones produces many of the same symptoms as sesamoiditis: pain in the ball of the foot and first metatarsophalangeal joint, swelling, and limited plantarflexion/dorsiflexion.
	www.podiatrychannel.com /sesamoiditis (1154 words)

	Sesamoid bone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		Sesamoid bones are typically found in locations where a tendon passes over a joint.Functionally, they act to protect the tendon and to increase its mechanical effect.
		The presence of the sesamoid bone holds thetendon slightly further away from the center of the joint and thus increases its moment arm.
		The sesamoid prevents the tendonfrom flattening into the joint as the tendon tension increases, and therefore alsomaintains a more consistent moment arm through a variety of possible tendon loads.
	www.therfcc.org /sesamoid-bone-91703.html (168 words)

	RADIOLOGY OF THE METACARPOPHALANGEAL AND METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		Sesamoiditis is described as a periostitis and osteitis affecting the abaxial surface of the proximal sesamoid bone.
		However, the lesions of osteomyelitis occur on the articular surface of the axial margin of the sesamoid bone, not on the abaxial margin.
		Sesamoid osteomyelitis often occurs concurrently with septic tenosynovitis of the flexor sheath and/or septic arthritis of the fetlock joint.
	www.upei.ca /~vca341/equinelimbs/fetlock.html (5358 words)

	PodiatryNetwork.com - Sesamoditis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		While sesamoid bones can be found around any joint in the foot, they are consistently found within the joint of the great toe.
		Sesamoiditis is an inflammatory condition of the periosteum or bone lining of the sesamoid bone.
		Typically, the sesamoid bones are 2 well-defined bones on x-ray.
	www.podiatrynetwork.com /r_sesamoditis.cfm (755 words)

	Kohnke's Own (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		However, sesamoiditis and fractures of the upper border of the sesamoid bones almost entirely occur in the front limbs.
		X-ray of the sesamoids usually identifies an area of increased bone stress along the upper border of 'apex' of the bones, with resorption of bone and increased diameter of the vascular channels within the bone.
		The area of bone around the vascular channels dissolves away initially, which may be related to decreased blood supply to the apex area of the bone through the damaged suspensory anchorage feeder vessels.
	www.kohnkesown.com /feature_articles/feature_articles_br_may01.htm (1242 words)

	Sesamoid Disease - WSAVA 2002
		Traumatic conditions of the sesamoid bones of the metacarpo/metatarso-phalangeal joints, such as fractures and dislocations, are well recognised especially in the racing greyhound.
		The extent of this bone necrosis was inversely correlated with the stage of fracture repair.
		In six of the sesamoids the entire bone was necrotic, with a marked distinction between the viable, apparently healthy chondrocytes of the articular cartilage and the underlying necrotic bone.
	www.vin.com /proceedings/Proceedings.plx?CID=WSAVA2002&PID=2664&Category=423 (1469 words)

	Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus V: Skeletal System: Ankle and Foot: ...
		The most frequent is the presence of a triangular bone (os trigonum), which may result from lack of fusion between the lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus and the primary ossification center of the bone.
		Sesamoids also were found at the interphalangeal joint of the great toe in 55% and in the same joint of the second toe in about 1%.
		Bizarro, A.H. (1921) On sesamoid and supernumerary bones of the limbs.
	www.anatomyatlases.org /AnatomicVariants/SkeletalSystem/Text/AnkleFoot.shtml (1977 words)

	Physical Description of the Giant Panda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		The muscles that move the radial sesamoid bone in the giant panda move the thumb in carnivores.
		The musculature that moves the radial sesamoid bone of the panda already had attachments on the bear radial sesamoid bone.
		In the panda, the abductor pollicis longus abducts the radial sesamoid bone.
	www.giantpandabear.com /DHTML/descript3.html (548 words)

	SesamoidBones (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		Near the distal end of the femur (which is a long bone), we find the largest sesamoid bone in the body - the patella.
		Sesamoid bones are found within tendons that cross freely moveable joints, such as the stifle (knee).
		Sesamoid bones also act to displace the the tendon further from the rotation axis of the joint, increasing the leverage exerted by the muscle.
	www.vetmed.wsu.edu /courses_vm511p/sesamoidbones.htm (87 words)

	Foot Pain Info .com / Ankle Pain Info .com - Sesamoiditis
		A sesamoid bone is a bone that found in the substance of a tendon.
		These sesamoid bones are located under the head of the first metatarsal bone, in the tendons of the flexor hallucis brevis muscle.
		Sesamoiditis is the term used to describe irritation (inflammation) of the tendons and tissues surrounding the sesamoid bones of the foot.
	footpaininfo.com /sesamoiditis.html (564 words)

	Normal Variants
		The tibial and fibular sesamoids are superimposed on the first and second metatarsals, respectively, in the medial oblique view; this view generally does not provide any additional information apart from the dorsoplantar, lateral oblique, and axial views.
		The centrally-located os interphalangeus is considered a sesamoid bone because of its location in the plantar capsule and attachment to the flexor tendon.
		In addition, sesamoid bones may also be found along the inferior aspects of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joints, though not commonly.
	unix.temple.edu /~rchristm/TeachFiles/NormalVariants/NormalVariants.htm (2707 words)

	Sports Medicine Advisor 2005.4: Sesamoid Injuries of the Foot
		A sesamoid bone is a bone found inside a tendon where it passes over a joint.
		A tendon is a strong band of connective tissue which attaches a muscle to a bone.
		Sesamoiditis can occur when a person has repeated stress to the ball of their foot.
	www.med.umich.edu /1libr/sma/sma_sesamoid_sma.htm (723 words)

	Re: I'm losing hope in my doctors..and treatment options (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		In many cases of injury to a sesamoid bone, a one-time inection of cortisone may prove to be of significant help.
		If there is MR scan evidence that the sesamoid bone has broken down or has become 'necrotic', then a surgical approach is a fairly simple procedure (for an experienced surgeon).
		The fibular sesamoid is embedded in the lateral slip of the long flexor tendon to the great toe.
	www.arch-pain.com /Questions/0000044b.htm (406 words)

	Sesamoid Injuries
		Sesamoid injuries are most common in race horses presumably due to speed and over extension of the fetlock joint.
		This channeling may be due to increased blood supply demands by the bone in response to increased "pounding".
		As the work load increases, the channeling in the bone represents weak zones and puts the bone at higher risk of fracturing.
	www.wiwfarm.com /sesamoid_injuries.htm (260 words)

	Bone Structure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		Bones can be described on the basis of their overall macroscopic shape.
		There is one additional type of bone, called a sesamoid bone; sesamoid bones are round and are usually found entirely surrounded by tendons, like they are floating within the tendon.
		Bone is so hard that it doesn't make for a smooth contact between the bones at the joint.
	distance.stcc.edu /AandP/AP/AP1pages/Units5to9/bone/bone.htm (974 words)

	Giant Panda, Adaptations and Evolution
		Adaptations of the masticatory apparatus, alimentary tract, and radial sesamoid bone are the most significant changes from a omnivorous bear form to a specialized herbivorous form.
		The skeleton of the giant panda is very similar to that of bears except for a general increase of size of the compact bone throughout the entire skeleton.
		All the muscles necessary for the movement of the radial sesamiod bone are in place in Ursus, just a simple hypertrophy of the bone was all that was necessary to provide the musculature for movement.
	www.geocities.com /RainForest/Vines/2695/genetics.html (2058 words)

	ABNORMALITIES OF THE PROXIMAL SESAMOID BONES
		Figures 143 and 144 illustrate an osseous cyst-like lesion in the apex of the proximal sesamoid bone.
		Figures 148, 149, 150 and 151 demonstrate apical fractures of the proximal sesamoid bones of both front ankles in a foal that had swollen ankles and was lame.
		Figures 148, 149, 150 and 151 demonstrate apical fractures of the proximal sesamoid bones of both front legs of a foal that was lame with considerable swelling.
	cal.vet.upenn.edu /larad/article/articl18.htm (352 words)

	Anatomy, Patella [Athro, Limited] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-20)
		The human kneecap bone, the patella, is a familiar sesamoid bone.
		Sesamoid bones do two things: 1) they act like pulleys to increase mechanical advantage 2) they strengthen connective tissues by reducing the ability of tears to propagate across tendons.
		Having a bone form within a tendon near the place it is often flexed makes it into a composite material that is better able to resist tearing.
	www.athro.com /anat/sesamoi.html (261 words)

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