
	Where results make sense

Topic: Sessile oak

	Etherington & Roberts. Dictionary--oak
		Oak bark is not as high in tannin content as many other materials, and its use, which has extended over many centuries, has been due more to its ready availability than to any other factor.
		Despite its relatively low tannin content, oak bark was at one time used extensively in the manufacture of some very fine leathers, especially in England.
		Oak tannin is a combination of the pyrogallol and condensed tannins, in the ratio of one to two, but the real nature of the tannin is still somewhat obscure.
	palimpsest.stanford.edu /don/dt/dt2349.html (207 words)

	Oak - LoveToKnow 1911
		Oak was thus applied at a very early date; the shrine of Edward the Confessor, still existing in the abbey at Westminster, sound after the lapse of Boo years, is of dark-coloured oak-wood.
		This oak abounds all over the Turkish peninsula, and forms a large portion of the vast forests that clothe the slopes of the Taurus ranges and the south shores of the Black Sea; it is likewise common in Italy and Sardinia, and occurs in the south of France and also in Hungary.
		The live oak is one of the most valuable timber trees of the genus, the wood being extremely durable, both exposed to air and under water; heavy and closegrained, it is perhaps the best of the American oaks for shipbuilding, and is invaluable for water-wheels and mill-work.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Oak (4115 words)

	Oaks
		Pedunculate Oak is a deciduous tree, with a broad, rounded outline up to 30 m or more tall, with a bark which becomes deeply fissured with age.
		Sessile Oak is a deciduous tree with a narrower crown and more upright branching than Pedunculate Oak.
		Turkey Oak is a deciduous tree with a broad, rounded outline, up to 35 m tall with a bark more fissured and rough than native oaks.
	www-saps.plantsci.cam.ac.uk /trees/quercus.htm (605 words)

	The University of Glasgow :: Newsletter :: Issue 264 - News
		Sessile oak is considered to be the better tree for long, straight boles, although there are plenty of upland specimens on short boles.
		Oak made excellent charcoal, and in the north of Britain the smelters' furnaces were fed by charcoal from the sessile or durmast oak (Quercus petraea), which tolerates the more acid, less fertile soils of the region.
		The huge quantities of oak required for charcoal exceeded the supply of this slow-growing tree, and by the 17th century large tracts of the Scottish countryside had been stripped of its oaks by greedy lairds eager to cash in on their value to the smelters.
	www.gla.ac.uk:443 /newsdesk/newsletter/details.cfm?id=3258&issue=264&category=catnews (1657 words)

	Keele University Arboretum : Oaks at Keele
		The acorns of Pedunculate Oak are born on long stalks or peduncles while those of Sessile Oak have very short stalks.
		In Sessile Oak, the leaf tapers into the stalk while in Pedunculate Oak there are two ear-like lobes or auricles at the base which are shown to better effect in the photograph on the right.
		Sessile Oak leaves tend to be symmetrical on either side (a leaf folded down the midrib matches on the sides) whereas the pedunculate oak tends to be much less symmetrical.
	www.keele.ac.uk /university/arboretum/articles/oaks.htm (1472 words)

	Biodiversity - trees: Oak
		Oaks are the Queens or Kings of trees as far as biodiversity is concerned and there are 2 species native to Scotland; Sessile oak (Q. petraea) and Common or Pedunculate oak (Q. robur).
		All oaks keep their leaves late into the season, sometimes as late as January in northern climes, but this tendency is taken to extremes in the case of many oaks of southern Europe and North America where the old leaves remain until early summer, when they fall.
		Oak made excellent charcoal, and in the north of Britain the smelters' furnaces were fed by charcoal from the Sessile oak, which tolerates the more acid, less fertile soils of the region.
	www.gla.ac.uk /services/estates/Sustainability/Biodiversity/trees/oak.html (3026 words)

	Trees for Life - Species Profile: Oak (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sessile or durmast oak and pedunculate or common oak have a similar distribution, occurring throughout most of Europe, from southern Scandinavia to the Mediterranean, and from Ireland and western Scotland to the Ural Mountains in Russia.
		Both species of oak are distributed throughout much of Scotland at lower elevations, usually less than 300 metres, although pedunculate oak is more common in the south and east of the country and sessile oak predominates in the north and west.
		Oaks are deciduous trees, and in winter their buds are distinctive by being clustered at the end of the twigs.
	www.treesforlife.org.uk /forest/species/oak.html (2795 words)

	SAC selection - 91A0 Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles
		Blackmill Woodlands is an example of old sessile oak woods at the southern extreme of the habitat’s range in Wales, and contributes to representation of the habitat in Wales and in south-west England.
		Oak dominates in the canopy with birch Betula sp., rowan Sorbus aucuparia and holly Ilex aquifolium.
		The woods are primarily of sessile oak Quercus petraea with a typical acidic ground flora of bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus, wavy hair-grass Deschampsia flexuosa and abundant bryophytes.
	www.jncc.gov.uk /ProtectedSites/SACselection/habitat.asp?FeatureIntCode=H91A0 (6341 words)

	The Oak Tree (Quercus robor)
		A better means of distinguishing these two is found at the base of the leaves, the English Oak being lobed, while that of the Sessile Oak is un-lobed.
		English Oak heartwood is of high quality in strength and durability, and has been in great demand throughout history, especially for the construction of barrels, houses and ships.
		Most of our old Oaks have been managed by pollarding, that is, the harvesting of the timber by removal of the upper branches.
	www.tsbr19510.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /oak.htm (623 words)

	Oak Tree from Tree Advice
		Instead it is mainly Jays who are responsible for the resurgence of new oaks as they carry the acorns away, bury them for their winter food store and often forget about them- the result a baby oak tree emerges from the ground.
		Sessile Oaks differ from the Pedunculate Oak in that its leaves have more lobes (12 as opposed to 8) and are narrower.
		The activity in an Oak tree is tremendous owing to sap-sucking bugs and aphids, boring weevils, bark eating beetles, spiders, snails, bark-lice, crickets, earwigs, hornets, lacewings - all of which enjoy the hospitality of the Oak.
	www.dorsetnetworks.com /clients/treeadvice/oaktrees.htm (1382 words)

	Oak
		Oak bark is grey-brown in colour and distinctly gnarled and furrowed.
		For dyeing purposes an infusion of the oak bark mixed with a small quantity of copperas yields a dye of a purplish colour, and was used by Scottish Highlanders to dye woollens and yarn.
		Due to the oaks many associations and characteristics, it is used symbolically on many ritual occasions, for instance in February during the festival of Imbolc, the spirits of the oak tree can be invoked to aid and lend strength to the goddess as she sleeps having given birth to the new god.
	www.controverscial.com /Oak.htm (6174 words)

	The Sessile Oak, A Guide to the Native Trees of The Village of Euxton, Lancashire, England. Euxton dot com (TM)
		The Sessile Oak is propagated by its seeds, that are not dormant.
		Unlike the Quercus robur (common Oak) it is less susceptible to epicormic growth, this reducing the incidence of knots in the timber.
		The uses of the timber of the Sessile Oak, depending on size and quality is used veneer, building timber, hardwood pulp, poles, fencing, firewood and charcoal.
	www.euxton.com /sessloak.htm (277 words)

	Sessile Oak
		Sessile Oak has longer leaf stalks and lacks the small lobes at the back of each leaf which point backwards on the Pedunculate Oak.
		Sessile Oak tends to grow on poorer acid soils in the western and northern parts of Britain.
		Indeed, it is rare to find a Sessile Oak covered in caterpillars as is often the case with Pedunculate Oak.
	www.countrysideinfo.co.uk /tree_gallery/sessile_oak/sessile_oak.html (115 words)

	Ireland's Native Woodland Trust - Planting Trees and Conserving Woodlands
		There are two species of Oak native to Ireland, the Sessile Oak, which is Ireland's national tree is the more common, and the Pedunculate Oak (also known as the Common Oak or English Oak).
		Sessile Oak leaves grow on a longer stalk, whereas Pedunculate Oak leaves grow directly from the branch.
		In addition, Sessile Oak produce their acorns with little or no stalk, whereas Pedunculate acorns are attached to an obvious stalk.
	www.nativewoodtrust.ie /native_trees1.html (232 words)

	Tree2mydoor UK - Natural Tree Gifts and Wild Flower Gifts
		Sessile oak was the first to arrive in the British isles, and grows naturally in upland areas; Q. robur prefers lower regions.
		Oak leaves are quite distinctive, having 3-6 unequal ‘thumb’ shaped lobes on either side of the leaf, which gives it a wavy edged look.
		Oak leaves around the Green Man in churches reflected the survival of a strong association between oak and sacred spaces from pagan belief into Christianity.
	www.tree2mydoor.com /products/treedirectory.asp?id=13 (1400 words)

	BBC - Northern Ireland - Gardeners Corner - Terrific Trees..
		Sessile oak is the traditional Irish oak, but the pedunculate or English oak is also considered native.
		Sessile oak can tolerate thin, poorer soil but - unlike the pedunculate - does not tolerate flooding.
		Quercus ilicifolia, for example, is a small oak, which may grow up to 20 ft high and which will bring striking autumn colour to your garden.
	www.bbc.co.uk /northernireland/gardenerscorner/trees/oak.shtml (383 words)

	Oak - Plants Shopping at dooyoo.co.uk
		"Oaks can be separated into three groups, sometimes considered subgenera: white oaks (Leucobalanus) and red or fl oaks (Erythrobalanus) have the scales of the acorn cups spirally arranged; in the third group (Cyclobalanus) the scales are fused into concentric rings.
		Oak before ash we are in for a splash, Well as yet I have not seen either in leaf the buds are ready to burst but I have not seen either tree in leaf yet.
		A including our native pedunculate oak and sessile oak, a red leaved oak and a cork oak the cork oak tree is an evergreen.
	www.dooyoo.co.uk /plants/oak (337 words)

	Sessile Oak
		Sessile oak is a large deciduous tree that usually grows to 30m (90ft).
		Often sessile oak grow in pure stands, although they are also found growing with pedunculate oak.
		Sessile oak is considered beneficial to more species than most other native trees.
	www.cvni.org /treenursery/trees/sessile_oak/sessile_oak.html (268 words)

	Forestry Commission - Sessile Oak - Quercus petraea
		Sessile Oak is naturally more typical in the north and west, Pedunculate Oak on the clay soils further south and east.
		Oak sawdust is still used for smoking food to give flavour.
		Oak trees were often landmarks and are still found in many place names such as Sevenoaks in Kent, England.
	www.forestry.gov.uk /forestry/infd-5nlj46 (731 words)

	Bach Flower Remedies - Oak.
		As it is difficult to pick the flowers of the Sessile oak, the English oak with a stalked flower is the one to use.
		Oak flowers during late April and May. The flowers appear with the new leaves when they are ochre in color before they darken to green.
		Oak type animals have a similar strength of character and they too show tremendous resilience and resistance when they fall ill. When forced to rest, they try to resist and repeatedly attempt to get up and walk about, no matter how weak they may feel.
	www.herbs2000.com /h_menu/bfr_oak.htm (534 words)

	Oak Tree
		It may even be hollow, the mere shell of bark supporting a sadly-reduced tale of branches that struggle gallantly to put forth year by year leaves, dwindled in size, from their knotty twigs, and acorns whose very abundance argues an infirmity of general health.
		The English Oak (Q. Robur) ranges from the Urals and the Caucasus, from Mount Taurus and Mount Atlas, almost to the Arctic Circle, growing at an altitude of 1,350 feet in the Highlands of Scotland; its limit nearly coinciding with that of successful wheat cultivation.
		Whatever may be the extension of the use of iron, Oak timber will always be of peculiar value for many purposes, though that important bye-product, the bark, is of sufficient consequence to considerably influence the English forester's treatment of his woods.
	www.2020site.org /trees/oak-tree.html (1558 words)

	Biodiversity Plants
		Oak is tolerant of the shade of other trees but when fully grown will not permit most other species to grow in its shade.
		Most Oaks are "deciduous" (which means that they shed their leaves in the winter) but there are some evergreen varieties, like the Evergreen Oak.
		Sessile Oak woods are also found in acid soils in southern England.
	www.naturegrid.org.uk /biodiversity/plants/fpoak.html (466 words)

	About Oak
		The two types of Oak most commonly found in the United Kingdom are Quercus Robur, the common Oak, also known as English or Pedunculate Oak, and Quercus Petraea, the Durmast or Sessile Oak.
		The branches of the Sessile Oak are straighter than those of the Common Oak and the main trunk is less branched.
		The inherent beauty of Oak has been cited in poetry and prose for centuries and it maintains a special value at the heart of British culture.
	www.oakmasters.co.uk /home/aboutoak (462 words)

	Sessile Oak - Quercus petraea, species information page
		Typical oak of the British countryside growing to 40m (132ft) and living to 1000 years or more.
		Pale brown hard wood that is less susceptible to epicormic growth than Common Oak reducing the incidence of knots in the timber grows faster with straighter branches.
		Recently several forms of Oak have been shown to be susceptible to Sudden Oak Death, a disease caused by a fungus-like pathogen Phytophthora ramorum.
	www.brickfieldspark.org /data/sessileoak.htm (342 words)

	Conservarea in situ şi ex situ a resurselor genetice forestiere de stejar (Quercus robur) şi gorun (Quercus petraea) ...
		The present PhD thesis represents a complex study of in situ and ex situ conservation of forest genetic resources of pedunculate oak and sessile oak from the Republic of Moldova because it includes study methods and results from different biological research fields (molecular genetics, phylogeography, embryology, cryobiology, ecology, botanic and phytosociology).
		It is recommended the core area of forest genetic resources of pedunculate oak to be at least 19,32ha and for forest genetic resources of sessile oak to be minimum of 12,01ha.
		In the framework of this thesis it was used the static ex situ conservation for the conservation of valuable oaks genotypes.
	www.cnaa.acad.md /en/thesis/5648 (472 words)

	Sessile oak - Quercus petraea - English Nature
		The sessile oak is a native oak, and, like the pedunculate oak, supports vast numbers of insects and invertebrates as well as many other animals.
		Left to grow naturally this oak becomes a high domed tree with a closed crown and tall trunk with grey bark.
		The two native oak species both support a truly huge range of wildlife and only an outline indication of the number and variety of species can be given here.
	www.plantpress.com /wildlife/o526-sessileoak.php (306 words)

	The Scotch Blog: Of Flaming Hearts and Oak Crosses (Site not responding. Last check: )
		John has once again decided to utilize high quality sessile oak in the mix - but instead of using inner staves, he's had new cask heads (the "top" and "bottom" ends of the casks) created.
		Cask heads are generally made of oak which is thicker than the wood used to make the staves for the body of a barrel.
		The sessile oak used in the construction of the heads is not toasted to the level of the wood used in making The Spice Tree.
	www.thescotchblog.com /2006/10/of_flaming_hear.html (774 words)

	Trees in the Elan Estate
		It differs from pedunculate oak in having short stems on the acorns and long stems on the leaves, in pedunculate oak this is reversed.
		Native broadleaved trees include sessile oak, downy birch, hazel, ash, goat willow, rowan, hawthorn, flthorn and alder, whilst some beech, sycamore and chestnut have been introduced.
		The oak woods support hundreds of different insects including the Purple Hairstreak butterfly and a rare Cardinal Beetle.
	www.elanvalley.org.uk /trees.html (342 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)