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	Sestina - LoveToKnow 1911
		SESTINA, one of the most elaborate forms of verse employed by the medieval poets of Provence and Italy, and retained in occasional use by the modern poets of Western Europe.
		Petrarch cultivated a slightly modified sestina, but after the middle ages the form fell into disuse, until it was revived and adapted to the French language by the poets of the Pleiade, in particular by Pontus de Thyard.
		The sestina was cultivated in Germany in the 17th century, particularly by Opitz and by Weckherlin.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Sestina (445 words)

	Sestina - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A sestina is a highly structured poem consisting of six six-line stanzas followed by a tercet (called its envoi or tornada), for a total of thirty-nine lines.
		The sestina was invented in the late 12th century by the Provençal troubadour Arnaut Daniel.
		Sestina writers seem to have felt freer to alter this part of the pattern than the strict rotation and interchange of the end words in the six sestets.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sestina (961 words)

	On "Farm Implements and Rutabagas In a Landscape"
		In a diachronic analysis of the sestina, one composes a history of images or themes associated with the form; in a synchronic approach, one undertakes a detailed analysis of the poem's structure at a particular moment in its evolution.
		The postmodern renovation of the sestina forbids a diachronic analysis since it is precisely the history of images associated with the form that has been gutted; we are comfortably confined to a synchronic analysis of the poem in its third age of renovation.
		The renovated sestina points to its own artificiality by referring not to the teeming city of Hong Kong or to the clucking of hens in the barnyard but to their prior depiction in another genre.
	www.english.uiuc.edu /maps/poets/a_f/ashbery/rutabagas.htm (2417 words)

	Poetry Form - The Sestina.
		The Sestina was one of several forms in the complex, elaborate, and difficult closed style called trobar clus (as opposed to the easier more open trobar leu).
		The repetition of words in a Sestina makes this form a good match for a story that uses common speech, for in conversation the repetition of key words is common.
		The Sestina is a more "natural" form than the Villanelle (which is comparatively artificial in repeating whole lines).
	www.baymoon.com /~ariadne/form/sestina.htm (1313 words)

	The Sestina Page
		The most strict interpretations usually call for the sestina to be written in a fixed meter, such as iambic pentameter.
		Such leniency is not given to the pattern of the end words, the heart of what makes a sestina the form that it is. This pattern is fixed, and builds upon itself from each stanza.
		Rudyard Kipling's Sestina of the Tramp Royal uses this pattern.
	www.geocities.com /suzstina/sestina.htm (1618 words)

	Sestina
		The sestina is yet another fun, French form, and it is divided into 6 sestets (six line stanzas) and 1 triplet called an envoi which is just a concluding stanza that is half the size of the rest.
		Unless you wish to make the sestina harder than it already may be, it is usually unrhymed and works by repeating the end words of each line.
		The sestina line is generally longer, and as you can see in the Hecht poem, the lengths are also erratic: some stick way out on the page, others are stuck deeper inside the poem.
	www.uni.edu /~gotera/CraftOfPoetry/sestina.html (745 words)

	How to Write a Sestina - eHow.com
		Written in iambic pentameter, the sestina is unique in that the poet is required to end each line using a set pattern of the same six words.
		One of the challenges of writing a sestina is to create one that can be read aloud without the audience being conscious of hearing the same six words repeated seven times.
		The challenge of writing a sestina has made it popular, but at the same time the form is not for the novice.
	www.ehow.com /how_16712_write-sestina.html (693 words)

	Table of Forms—The Sestina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The sestina can also be considered a phonetic form as the form specifies a metric structure in addition to the order of words that end lines.
		This is a sestina whose pattern of repeated words are condensed such that it goes through six words in one line, rather than in one six-line stanza.
		Metasestina 2: a sestina which does not use a metric structure but which repeats line middles in counterpoint to line-ends.
	www.spinelessbooks.com /table/forms/sestina.html (137 words)

	[minstrels] The Shrinking Lonesome Sestina -- Miller Williams
		Following these was a stanza of three lines, in which the six key words were repeated in the middle and at the end of the lines, summarizing the poem or dedicating it to some person.
		The sestina was invented by the Provençal troubadour Arnaut Daniel and was used in Italy by Dante and Petrarch, after which it fell into disuse until revived by the 16th-century French Pléiade, particularly Pontus de Tyard.
		In the 19th century, Ferdinand, comte de Gramont, wrote a large number of sestinas, and Algernon Charles Swinburne's "Complaint of Lisa" is an astonishing tour de force-a double sestina of 12 stanzas of 12 lines each.
	www.cs.rice.edu /~ssiyer/minstrels/poems/904.html (839 words)

	Guide to Verse Forms - Sestina
		The sestina (or less commonly sextain) is a wondrous strange beast, the brainchild of a twelfth-century Provençal troubador.
		At 39 lines, the sestina is eligible for poetry competitions with a 40-line limit.
		There is no shortage of of these, both standard (rhymed sestina, double sestina) and non-standard (Newman sestina, quartina, bina).
	www.noggs.dsl.pipex.com /vf/sestina.htm (697 words)

	Poets.org - Poetry, Poems, Bios & More - Poetic Form: Sestina
		The sestina follows a strict pattern of the repetition of the initial six end-words of the first stanza through the remaining five six-line stanzas, culminating in a three-line envoi.
		In the dramatic monologue "Sestina: Altaforte," Pound, in one of his many responses to his great influence, the Victorian poet Robert Browning, adopts the voice of troubadour-warlord Bertrans de Born.
		Other notable sestinas include "Mantis" by Louis Zukofsky, "Sestina" and "A Miracle for Breakfast" by Elizabeth Bishop, "Paysage Moralise" by W.H. Auden, "Toward Autumn" by Marilyn Hacker, and "Sestina: Bob" by Jonah Winter, which employs the pedestrian name Bob for each end-word, to great comic effect.
	www.poets.org /viewmedia.php/prmMID/5792 (740 words)

	The Sestine: A Traditional Form (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The sestina has six unrhymed stanzas of six lines each in which the words at the ends of the first stanza's lines recur in a rolling pattern at the ends of all the other lines.
		The sestina is said to have been invented by the troubador poet Arnaut Daniel.
		In my sestina, The Apotheosis of St. Agatha, I used the AB/CD/EF tercet pattern described by Padgett, because I was inspired to try the sestina form by reading about it in his book, and because my own end-words fit very well into that particular pattern.
	members.cox.net /tgritter/fallpoem/sestina.html (412 words)

	Sestina
		The Sestina Project is a visual equivalent of various sestinas by poets including John Ashbery, Honor Moore, Judith Kroll and her partner in the Sestina Project, Mary Pinard.
		The effect of the sestina is meditative and kaleidoscopic.
		In her various size wall pieces, artist Jane Kamine visualizes the poetic form of sestina poetry in both figurative and abstract images expressive of the poem itself.
	www.public.asu.edu /~aarios/formsofverse/anecdotes/page9.html (158 words)

	On "Mantis"
		You seem to be concerned here with the sestina as the ideal expression of the "battle of diverse thoughts" or associations arising in the poet’s mind upon his encounter with a mantis.
		Each poet guts the sestina of traditional amorous or pastoral subjects, introducing a "battaglia nova": in Zukofsky, the coincidence of a mantis lost in the subway and the plight of the urban poor; in Ashbery, the multiple voices in a cosmopolitan blend of high and low culture.
		Zukofsky's renovation of the sestina form is intended as a refutation of the modernist rejection of predetermined forms, but his assertion of two corollary characteristics of procedural form also identifies his efforts as distinctly postmodern.
	www.english.uiuc.edu /maps/poets/s_z/zukofsky/mantis.htm (3679 words)

	www.myspace.com/sestinarock1
		Sestina started as a revolt against rock-band-playin' boyfriends / husbands / friend-boys.
		A year and a half later, Sestina is still writing original tunes and performing them as often as possible.
		While Sestina will live on in our hearts, sadly, it is time to say goodbye.
	www.myspace.com /sestinarock1 (755 words)

	Sacred and Profane: The Sestina as Rite American Poetry Review, The - Find Articles
		Later I was drawn to Marilyn Hacker's facility with form, and to her sestina "Toward Autumn." In Auden's "Paysage Moralise" the repeating teleutons were all nouns; ditto in "Toward Autumn"-daughter, friend, bread, mother, lover, myself.
		The teleutons rhyme with themselves, and as they float by, they take their place in the past, but they also reverberate forward, differently this time, since the present toward which they reverberate is not the same present in which they occurred.
		Focusing on the sestina's prosodie rationale, David Rothman writes that "those end words that were furthest apart in any one stanza are placed as close as possible in the next," creating "the greatest possible sequential displacement and juxtaposition."4 Robin Becker's "Sad Sestina" from The Horse Fair illustrates.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3692/is_200403/ai_n9383428 (860 words)

	Sestina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The sestina is a strict ordered form of poetry, dating back to twelfth century French troubadours.
		The examples of sestinas I've found all seem to disagree on how many syllables they should be per line or even if the syllables per line should be consistent.
		This sestina is the example I've found most often on the 'Net.
	www.mit.edu /people/thebeast/Poetry/Sestina (150 words)

	Guide to Verse Forms - Sestina variations
		The most important recognised sestina variant is the rhymed sestina, which was devised by Swinburne.
		This revision of the structure leaves the rhymed sestina relatively unappealing to group theorists or (presumably) bell-ringers.
		it's similar to a sestina, but has twelve keywords, twelve 12-line stanzas, and a 6-line tornada, making 150 lines in all.
	www.noggs.dsl.pipex.com /vf/sestinavar1.htm (402 words)

	Sestina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Sestina (Latin sextus=sixth): unrhymed pattern invented near the end of the 12th century by the famous Provençal troubadour Arnaud Daniel.
		The intricate 39-line repetitive pattern presents a challenge for poets: 6 stanzas of 6 lines each, with a final 3-line envoy, or tornada, as it was called in Provençal.
		In English, the classic form is blank verse (5-beat iambic pentameter), but modern sestinas can have 4-beat lines, or some other consistent pattern.
	thewordshop.tripod.com /sestina.html (527 words)

	Poets&Writers, Inc.
		I knew my sestina might not be up to snuff, but what stuck in my craw was that phrase: “traditional, iambic pentameter.” Some readers may have immediately reached for their handbooks, but it took a couple days before I pulled out my second edition of Lewis Turco’s invaluable reference, The Book of Forms.
		Leah Fasulo’s “Mad Libs Sestina” is a favorite, as is Shanna Compton’s “The Remarried Again Sestina,” with all six surnames her mother has had as end-words.
		The great part of being a sestinas editor is seeing how people choose their tactics and deal with the constraints the form has handed them.
	www.pw.org /mag/0501/newsnester.htm (1008 words)

	Wordcarvers: Sestina
		The name sestina is often used in the title, probably to indicate the amount of mental torture and obsessive attention detail it requires to write one of these.
		The sestina form has been used successfully with humorous, whimsical, and serious subjects by poets such as Swinburne, Pound, Kipling, and Elizabeth Bishop.
		The only problem I had with your sestina, Jim, is that in almost every instance of using the word "slow," it should really have been "slowly," as it was used as an adverb.
	www.eosdev.com /discus/messages/3/71.html?1029685744 (1642 words)

	DanielNester.com \| helpful sestina page
		I am often asked this question when I mention I am a sestinas editor or if I ask a writer to send a sestina for consideration.
		A sestina is a 39-line linked form believed to have been invented by Arnaut Daniel (c.
		This is what people mean by "linked." Instead of there being a rhyme scheme or even a set meter like many fixed forms of poetry, a sestina adheres to a set pattern of end-words, or teleutons, which appear at the end of each line.
	www.danielnester.com /editing/sestina.htm (306 words)

	Sestina Assign.
		The sestina is an old form, its origins often attributed to twelfth-century troubadours.
		One way of writing a sestina is to choose your 6 end words before actually writing the poem.
		It may be harder to keep the exact same word through all 7 stanzas, but sometimes the poem demands a different word, one that will change or improve it in some significant way.
	web.ics.purdue.edu /~azimmer6/407strucassign2.htm (891 words)

	Welcome to WritingFix: Harder Formula Poem: Sestina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ask writers to write their own ideas within a provided structure (like a sestina, for example) and suddenly ideas can be explored differently.
		Here's our down-and-dirty explanation of what a sestina is: (By the way, there's a great on-line tool to help you create a template for your sestina; it can be found by clicking here.)
		A sestina is a 39-line poem with the very strictest of rules.
	www.writingfix.com /leftbrain/sestina.htm (750 words)

	Yellow Moon - Sestina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Sestina is defined, for the purpose of Yellow Moon competitions, as a poem in 6 stanzas, each of 6 lines written in iambic pentameter, followed by an envoy (brief concluding stanza) of three lines.
		Sestinas do not rhyme but the final words in each line in the first stanza appear in variable order in the next five stanzas, as in Elizabeth Bishop's "Sestina".
		The trick is to make the poem sound 'natural' so the reader is scarcely aware of the repeated end words.
	users.mullum.com.au /jbird/YM-sestina.html (183 words)

	Webcast of Alternative, Americana, Psychedelic, Rock'n'Roll with hosts, Jeremy Wilson and Sam Densmore
		Sestina started as a revolt against rock-band-playing boyfriends / husbands / friend-boys.
		A year and a half later, Sestina is still writing original tunes and performing as often as possible.
		Growing from girlfriend groupies into a gripping girl group, the five women of Sestina have spun all those late club nights hanging in the shadows into their own radiant front and center take on life, love and rock stardom."
	mastanmusic.com /podcast/618 (484 words)

	30 Days of Poetry-Day 28
		A sestina has six unrhymed stanzas with six lines in each stanza.
		The last words of the first six lines occur in a definite pattern in all of the other stanzas.
		For an example of a sestina, please look at Scott Reid's Sestina in the Computer Age.
	www.msrogers.com /English2/poetry/30_days_of_poetryday_28.htm (80 words)

	Sestina
		Sestinas are a fixed form of poetry in which endwords are repeated in a pattern through six stanzas of six lines each, and appear at or close to the middle and end of each of the three lines of the tercet which completes the poem.
		Those words may be used in variations, for example; end, ends, ending, ended.
		No special meter is required in a sestina, but some poets find the use of iambic pentameter natural to the form.
	members.tripod.com /~ticket2write/id23.html (221 words)

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