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Topic: Settler states

	Settler - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Settlers are (a) in prehistory, people who have migrated to different geographic regions or (b) in recent history, people who have migrated from the land of their birth to live permanently in colonies, sometimes which are controlled militarily by their home country.
		The term settler is not usually used in relation to the later histories of well-established and/or independent, postcolonial countries with continuing immigration, like the present-day United States, Canada or Australia, where terms like immigrants are preferred.
		Some historians maintain that Palestinians are descended mostly from Arab settlers in the Land of Israel (which the Roman Emperor Hadrian renamed Palestine in 135 CE), after the Caliphate conquered the area in the 7th Century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Settler (628 words)

	History of Africa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One region that saw considerable state formation due to its high population and agricultural surplus was the Great Lakes region where states such as Rwanda, Burundi, and Buganda became strongly centralized.
		The Barbary states, primarily from the example of the Moors expelled from Spain, degenerated into mere communities of pirates, and under Turkish influence civilization and commerce declined.
		The story of these states from the beginning of the 16th century to the third decade of the 19th century is largely made up of piratical exploits on the one hand and of ineffectual reprisals on the other.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Africa (6829 words)

	Settler v. Lameer
		Mary Settler, also a member of the Yakima Indian Nation, was convicted by the Yakima Tribal Court on August 21, 1968 for a violation of Tribal Resolution T-90-66, as amended, and for resisting lawful arrest and attempting escape.
		Settler contends that his constitutional rights under the Fifth and Sixth Amendments were violated in that he was [**9] tried twice for the same offense and was denied the assistance of professional counsel.
		Throughout their briefs, the Settlers and the State of Washington contend that any recognition of tribal jurisdiction outside the confines of the reservation violates the sovereignty of the State of Washington.
	www.ccrh.org /comm/river/legal/settler.htm (7135 words)

	A Leftist Youth Journal Based in the U.S. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		On August 6 of last year, the settler states of Greenland/Denmark and the United States got together to write a document explicitly excluding control, sovereignty or access to traditional lands inhabited by the Inughuit people-- a land they inhabited for tens of thousands of years prior, but were expelled from only in 1953.
		But it was not until 1951 that an actual agreement between the settler states of Denmark and the United States of America was signed, this to post de facto legitimize the creation of a massive airbase under US control on the island.
		The United States government has made it quite clear that they are not to be trusted with any pronouncements, but on the odd statements we simply must take them at their word.
	www.lefthook.org /History/Stainsby020705.html (3896 words)

	[No title]
		Most hot and cold wars since 1945 have not been state against state, but states against indigenous nations and ethnic groups that are fielding resistance forces to protect sovereignty, to gain greater autonomy, to restore national boundaries erased by colonial powers, and to end economic exploitation and political oppression.
		States are the political apparatuses that unite (sometimes forcibly) different peoples and nations into one internationally recognized political and territorial entity.
		One-nationality states [the nation-state] are rare (Iceland), while the drive to create one territory and one people out of many nations and peoples (ironically termed "nation building") is a primary cause of half the world's conflicts.
	www.cwis.org /fwdp/International/4th_wrld.txt (1663 words)

	EH.N: CfP: "Settler Economies in World History," Twentieth International Congress of Historical Sciences
		The settler economies also differ in structure from those of the country of origin since they were necessarily shaped by the immigrants’ accommodations to their new geographical and natural environment and their interaction with the world through international trade.
		The settler economies of the modern era – such as those of Argentina, Australia, Canada, the United States, the Jewish community of pre-statehood Palestine, and other areas in Latin America, Oceania, and eastern and southern Africa – were drawn largely from the population of European states.
		The modern settler societies of the 19th and 20th centuries share special geographic, demographic, and economic structures that constitute them as an internally comparable group of economies and states.
	www.eh.net /pipermail/eh.news/2004-February/000236.html (1107 words)

	Settler Colonialism: Peace of the Weak to Wye’s Rebirth of Apartheid
		If the settler state is able to attract enough immigration of the “desirables” to not need the natives’ manpower, it tends largely to eliminate the natives, as was the case in the U.S. and Canada.
		In the United States, surviving Indian tribes were finally “removed” to “reservations.” In Algeria, the separation was effective but not formalized; the French state was projected as an ideologically non-racist state.
		The Zionist may be the best organized settler movement in history, and throughout this century it has demonstrated, in Edward Said’s apt phrase, an unusual degree of “the discipline of detail.” At its inception, Theodor Herzl had anticipated “spiriting away” the native Arabs, “gradually and circumspectly.” In 1948, Zionist leaders did better.
	www.washington-report.org /backissues/0399/9903011.html (1955 words)

	FWB, Spring/Summer 1996 - Commentary
		The issue is explosive, because to the degree that states can agree that the definition is confined, for instance, to unassimilated "tribals" and "primitives" in "settler states," the whole question of indigenous peoples' rights increasingly becomes a moot point.
		Just as some states are manuevering to evade the indigenous claim to self-determination, other states are manuevering to blunt the definitional question, several by insisting that there are no indigenous peoples existing in their territorial boundaries.
		States are obviously seeking to protect their political, economic, and territorial interests, regardless of the methods used to advance those interests, or on whose indigenous backs those interests have been constructed.
	carbon.cudenver.edu /home/conversion/fwc/Commentary-old/rights-4.html (853 words)

	[No title]
		Although the United States claims that its national legislature possesses such rights under the "plenary power doctrine," its assertion is not unlike similar claims by other colonizing states that have maintained that their relations with colonized peoples are purely domestic issues.
		States consistently claim that it is their prerogative to exploit indigenous natural resources for the "national security," and such matters are purely domestic in nature, beyond the scope of international scrutiny or rebuke.
		Because of the methods used by the "settler state" form of colonialism, most indigenous nations' territories were enveloped by encroaching powers, resulting in the colonized nations' territories being contiguous with, not separate from, that of their colonizers.
	www.cwis.org /fwdp/International/int.txt (9433 words)

	Zionism - A Major Obstacle
		That the latter is an absolute obstacle to resolution of the conflict is self-evident: it is a colonizatory project, an implantation of settlers, which has - necessarily - been implemented at the expense of the mass of indigenous people and by denial of their national rights.
		In several other settler states belonging to the same species of colonization, the settlers have succeeded in eliminating the entire indigenous population or in reducing it to small and relatively insignificant remnants.
		[9] The formation of a new nation is a common characteristic of settler states where colonization was not based on exploiting the labour power of the indigenous people, but on eliminating them.
	www.flwi.ugent.be /cie/Palestina/palestina193.htm (1794 words)

	ZNet Commentary: Indian Ocean: “Open Regionalism” or Naked Militarism?
		The geographical rationale gave APEC the appearance of a natural alliance of states that were otherwise as far apart as the ends of the earth in the minds of people.
		Australia is the only member of the Queen’s family of nations, the settler states spawned by the UK that touches the Indian Ocean on its Western coastline.
		The rim states on the Indian Ocean apart from being politically and culturally diverse are home to a large proportion of the world's poor.
	www.zmag.org /sustainers/content/2002-12/15d'souza_.cfm (1839 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Palestine \| 'A familiar ring'
		The European settler colonialist state is based on the premise that the indigenous people whose land is systematically usurped are something less than human.
		The European settler colonialist state was traditionally buttressed by brute force.
		Israel is a European settler colonialist state in the tradition of the US and apartheid South Africa.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2000/504/pal104.htm (717 words)

	Snapshot of the United States of America: Florida
		After settler attacks on Indian towns, Indians based in Florida began raiding Georgia settlements, purportedy at the behest of the Spanish.
		The Adams-Onís Treaty was signed between the United States and Spain on February 22, 1819 and took effect on July 10, 1821.
		According to the terms of the treaty, the United States acquired Florida and, in exchange, renounced all claims to Texas.
	www.sheppardsoftware.com /usaweb/snapshot/Snapshot-USA-9.htm (776 words)

	ZNet Commentary: National Sovereignty
		Admittedly not the most immediately practical program or campaign, it was an attempt to grapple with the various problems that nationalism and states based on nationalism have caused in the world.
		That approach would be based on the recognition that the nation-state system has been one of the must brutal and destructive creations of Europe and its offshoots, imposed by force on much of the rest of the world, with horrendous consequences for centuries in Europe, and elsewhere until the present.
		Had the anti-war movement and anti-imperialist opposition in the United States and elsewhere in the first world been stronger, things might be different.
	www.zmag.org /Sustainers/Content/2004-09/05podur.cfm (729 words)

	Israel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The State of Israel (Hebrew: &1502;&1456;&1491;&1460;&1497;&1504;&1463;&1514; &1497;&1460;&1513;&1474;&1456;&1512;&1464;&1488;&1461;&1500;, transliteration: Medinat Yisra'el; Arabic: &1583;&1614;&1608;&1618;&1604;&1614;&1577;&1618; &1575;&1616;&1587;&1618;&1585;&1614;&1575;&1574;&1616;&1610;&1604;, transliteration:) is a country in the Middle East on the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea.
		Ben Gurion pronounces the Declaration of the State of Israel on May 14, 1948 in Tel Aviv]] On May 14, 1948, the State of Israel was proclaimed.
		The influx of Jewish immigrants from the former USSR topped 750,000 during the period 1989-1999, bringing the population of Israel from the former Soviet Union to 1 million, one-sixth of the total population, and adding scientific and professional expertise of substantial value for the economy's future.
	israel.iqnaut.net (5016 words)

	'Just World News' by Helena Cobban: CSM column on Gaza
		The settlers' behavior is atrocious, their human rights arguments are ridiculous and compassion certainly isn't a reason to refrain from evicting them, but I don't think the compassion itself is misplaced.
		The foundation myth of the settler state is its strongest attribute.
		These rules are fourfold: that bourgeois states cannot treat their proletariat as foreigners, that they cannot control immigration, that they are "secular, polyglot and non-racial," and that they outperform settler states economically.
	justworldnews.org /archives/001373.html (10369 words)

	M. Alison Kibler \| Settling Accounts with Settler Societies: Strategies for Using Australian Women's History in a ...
		In pure settler colonies, indigenous populations were decimated and isolated, and European migrants and their offspring (not slaves or other imported labor) were responsible for the population growth and workforce of the society.
		Despite their differences, the settler societies of Australia and North America share a basic similarity: they are racially and ethnically heterogeneous populations in which European settlers gained dominance over the indigenous inhabitants.
		As in other mixed settler societies, the strong indigenous population of Hawaii was weakened in relation to Europeans by disease and subsequent population loss but was not subjugated to the same extent as native peoples in "pure" settler societies.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/ht/37.2/kibler.html (6030 words)

	History News Service
		Israel is rarely described as a settler state, such as the former colonial Algeria, Kenya, Southern Rhodesia, Angola, Mozambique and apartheid South Africa.
		The roads to independence in African settler states were bloody, marked in every instance by massacres and inflated propaganda on all sides.
		While the European-sponsored settlers in colonial Africa were at first better organized politically than the non-European groups living alongside them, the non-European populations caught up.
	www.h-net.org /~hns/articles/2002/050602a.html (891 words)

	Scoop: M. Shahid Alam: Israel, Consequences of Uniqueness
		This document stated that His Majesty’s Government “view with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object…” In fulfillment of this commitment, the British created the mandate (euphemism for colony) of Palestine.
		In addition, these states would be policed by local mili-tias drawn from ethnic minorities in their population – like the Christian militia created by Israel in Southern Lebanon.
		In mounting their terrorist attack on the United States, most likely the Islamist radicals were not expecting this to sting the United States into a hasty revision of its policies towards the Islamic world.
	www.scoop.co.nz /stories/HL0510/S00326.htm (4384 words)

	Trinicenter.com - Israel and the Consequences of 'Uniqueness'
		This document stated that His Majesty's Government "view with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object" [2] In fulfillment of this commitment, the British created the mandate (euphemism for colony) of Palestine.
		In addition, these states would be policed by local militias drawn from ethnic minorities in their population--like the Christian militia created by Israel in Southern Lebanon.
		In mounting their terrorist attack on the United States, most likely the Islamist radicals were not expecting this to sting the United States into a hasty reversal of its policies towards the Islamic world.
	www.trinicenter.com /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1179 (4118 words)

	NYU School of Law - Journal of International Law and Politics: Issues - Volume 33 - Kedar
		The article first provides an overview of the role of legal systems in the creation of land regimes in states with prominent settler populations.
		He then traces the influence of Zionism on land and settlement policy, along with decisions of the Israeli Supreme Court that facilitated state ownership of disputed land.
		Kedar also points out the activist behavior of the Supreme Court with regard to intervening in the decisions of lower courts when those decisions were in favor of Arab landholders.
	www.law.nyu.edu /journals/jilp/issues/33/x.html (254 words)

	Wilmer: Indigenous Quest for Peace and Justice
		Often associated with the "English" school (Finnemore 1996), this alternative to the model of "states in anarchic relations" can be traced to the work of John Burton (1979) and Evan Luard (1976) as early as the 1970s.
		Although indigenous representatives undertook international efforts to defend their rights in the nineteenth century and in the twentieth century in the League of Nations and United Nations, it was not until 1971 that international audiences responded to their grievances.
		A third factor is that by the seventeenth and through most of the nineteenth century, Europeans and the governments of settler states had begun the practice of entering into treaties with indigenous peoples.
	www.gmu.edu /academic/pcs/wilmer.htm (2584 words)

	Settler Bears Chooses Taction to Help Establish U.S. Marketplace
		Settler Bears of Ferntree Gully in Australia has hired Taction to help it establish a marketplace in this country for its cuddly, lovable plush bears and other animals.
		Ferntree Gully is located outside of Melbourne in Victoria, a state in the southeast of Australia.
		Already popular in Asia and the Pacific, the Settler Bears range is now available in the U.S.A. Bringing a refreshing new influence, Settler Bears are designed by a team in Australia not afraid to use color, glamor, embroidery and jewelery.
	www.prweb.com /releases/2006/8/prweb427449.htm (734 words)

	Dr David Pearson \| CACR \| Victoria University of Wellington
		My areas of interest have always had a strong comparative and historical background, and I have always considered a cross-cultural perspective should guide empirical research in ethnic relations.
		Current interests include: the role of citizenship as a theoretical and empirical guide to ethnic social inclusion and exclusion; contrasting migrant and indigenous ethnic politics in settler societies; and the influence of transnationalism and regional devolution on ethnic and national identity in multi-cultural societies.
		States of Unease received an American Library Association Choice Outstanding Title Award in 2002.
	www.vuw.ac.nz /cacr/people/bio/david-pearson.aspx?exp=About (421 words)

	Liberia to Israel: Fixing US Settler States- Global Black News (African American News) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Therefore, US foreign policy ensures that those managing and shuttling the resources of Africa and the rest of the developing world be handsomely rewarded and given free reign to create the cultural and political atmosphere necessary to procure vital markets for western development.
		The United States being the most powerful country in the world does have the resources to end the conflict in Liberia and Israeli occupied Palestine, but what it obviously lacks is the conscience or sense of history.
		It is time for African states to fortify their own institutions such as ECOMOG, ECOWAS and the African Union to create formidable forces to bring about the diplomacy and military action to secure peace and control over African resources.
	www.globalblacknews.com /GardnerLiberia.html (806 words)

	Find in a Library: Transforming settler states communal conflict and internal security in Northern Ireland and Zimbabwe
		Find in a Library: Transforming settler states communal conflict and internal security in Northern Ireland and Zimbabwe
		Transforming settler states communal conflict and internal security in Northern Ireland and Zimbabwe
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	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/7e1f269aad83b7cca19afeb4da09e526.html (94 words)

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