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Topic: Seven Sisters (oil companies)

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	Petroleum in the modern world
		Oil or petroleum energy applications were first developed in the United States in the 1850,s with the discovery of crude oil in eastern Pennsylvania.
		As new oil reserves were discovered and the fuel became increasingly abundant and inexpensive in the 20th century, it became the preferable alternative to coal for other uses, because it was less polluting and, with the building of pipelines, easier to deliver to the end-user.
		Oil prices were determined by the major international oil companies who were doing their best to limit production by assigning quotas to each producing country.
	www2.sunysuffolk.edu /westn/oil.html (2028 words)

	Seven Sisters (oil companies) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		With their dominance of oil production, refinement and distribution, they were able to take advantage of the rapidly increasing demands for oil and turn massive profits.
		The Seven Sisters is the title of a book by British journalist Anthony Sampson about the history of the oil industry, published in 1975.
		The Seven Sisters oil company conspiracy theory is referenced in the 1981 film, The Road Warrior, which starred Mel Gibson.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Seven_Sisters_(oil_companies) (369 words)

	Peak Oil - Deep Oil
		The oil magnates, who were not sworn in at the insistence of Sen. Ted Stevens [R-AK], chairman of the Senate Commerce Committee, argued that their business was cyclic and that their profits were modest at best compared to their investments in searching for alternative fuels for the day when the oil wells dry up.
		The Democrats, who correctly argued during the hearing that the oil companies deliberately cut back on their refinery capacity in order to increase profits, should be able to see the stupidity of their threats.
		Using fear tactics, the oil giants soberly hypothesized that if their theories are even remotely accurate, OPEC could control all of the viable oil reserves in the world by 2030-and could demand any price they wanted for fl gold.
	www.rense.com /general68/peakoildeepoil.htm (1315 words)

	Oil.html
		The history of the Middle East oil industry is a portrait of the rise of a group of exploited, underdeveloped and impoverished colonies, to one of the wealthiest and politically vital regions of the world.
		Iranian oil was subsequently boycotted, by the west, until the country's economy collapsed and the Shah was forced to yield to the Western company's demands.
		The oil companies, realizing that this tax could then be written off as an expense on taxes back home, soon accepted similar offers of taxation from the Middle Eastern and North African countries, raising the concession moneys paid to the producers from 22¢ p/b to 80¢ p/b.
	www.mindspring.com /~koz/papers/Oil.html (3559 words)

	The Seven Sisters
		And despite the companies' posture as the fearless champions of adventurous free-enterprise, it was sometimes the governments who pushed them into their exploits: as the State Department pushed the companies into Iraq in 1920, or into Iran in 1954.
		Selling oil was regarded less as a source of profits, than as a problem of finding 'outlets': the attitude was revealed in the word itself, and in the multiplication of filling-stations, duplicating themselves along the freeway ('they seem to be born in litters', complained Harold Ickes).
		All oil companies have interlocking directorships with banks and investment houses, and the great oil foundations bequeathed by the founders of the industry have linked the prosperity of the companies to the world of philanthropy.
	www.green-trust.org /7sisters/ch9stress.htm (7660 words)

	Saudi Oil return of sven sisters world oil companies
		visit, signalled the large American oil companies that they are now welcomed into the desert kingdom, quarter of a century after his older brother, the late king Faisal kicked them out.
		Now the world's largest oil producer, suffering for massive budget deficit has swallowed its pride: Prince Abdullah opened the opened the way for discussions about recalling them American oil companies back to help develop the kingdom's energy resources.
		Faisal cut oil supplies to the west prompting an oil crisis and sharp in crease in prices then.
	www.mideastnews.com /oil_saudi.htm (596 words)

	Beyond the Gemstone Files (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The company, with the Rockefellers' active support, called in a private army of gunmen and the state militia to crush the strike and in the ensuing violence the tent camp of miners at Ludlow, Colorado, was ruthlessly sprayed with machine gun fire and burned to the ground.
		The Standard Oil Companies which he had created and in which he still held a major (25 per cent) interest, then refined more than 90 percent of the oil sold in America and most of that of the rest of the world.
		The US oil companies actually shut down their refineries so they could then claim there was an oil "shortage" and the price went through the ceiling.
	www.tenntimes.org /gems2/1930-1939b.htm (4135 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - And what will happen after the war?
		It could well be the resurrection of the Seven Sisters -- the seven mega-corporations that dominate the global oil industry (Exxon, Gulf, Texaco, Mobil, SOCAR, BP and Shell) -- although some of their names and profiles have changed.
		The US control of oil and parallel development of alternative fuels is fully consistent with the interests of the Chinese, who are net oil importers and therefore keen on a low oil price.
		The payoff for Moscow for swallowing its pride would be to have its oil companies among the new Seven Sisters, which in a few years could bring about a new isolation of China.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/company/cnm24260.htm (1607 words)

	Rural Texas In Transition
		Oil and gas values can profoundly affect local government, including school district income, and even more in the 1970s and 1980s when public education spending relied less on the state’s coffers than today.
		Cautiously optimistic, oil companies began investing in drilling, and the rotary rig count climbed, both in the U.S. and Texas.
		A spring 1999 survey during the oil price collapse by the Comptroller’s office indicated that Crane County at that time was expecting to suffer an estimated school tax revenue loss of $3.9 million in 1999 due to the declining value of its oil and gas properties.
	www.window.state.tx.us /specialrpt/rural/5oilngas.html (5978 words)

	What Oil Wants. In Iraq, it hopes to own the black gold, and to write the rules of the game, too
		To protect the tens of billions they will need to pour into a postwar Iraq, the oil giants are likely to push a controversial form of contract that gives them an ownership stake in the oilfields and guaranteed relief from national tax and environmental laws for the life of the project.
		In a sense, Big Oil would like to turn the clock back to a time before the great wave of nationalizations in the 1970s, when global —giants known as the “seven sisters” were pushed out of much of the Middle East and Latin America.
		Best of all for the company, the contract gives them an ownership stake that can be booked as an asset on their balance sheet, which tends to push up their stock price.
	foi.missouri.edu /usenergypolicies/whatoilwants.html (909 words)

	West's Greed for Oil Fuels Saddam Fever
		And the more anxious oil companies become about the stability of Saudi Arabia, the more they become interested in gaining access to Iraq, site of the world's second biggest oil reserves, which are denied to them.
		Western oil interests closely influence military and diplomatic policies, and it is no accident that while American companies are competing for access to oil in Central Asia, the US is building up military bases across the region.
		The history of oil wars is not encouraging, and oil companies are not necessarily the best judges of national interests.
	www.commondreams.org /views02/0811-08.htm (1078 words)

	Stranger Than Fiction. : SF Indymedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Late 1971: Gulf Oil and their man Brierly begin organising chains of Shell companies and dummy corporations to conceal their takeover operations of oil, gas and mineral resources and related industries such as vehicle franchises, vehicle spare parts and finance services - all part of the Seven Sisters' controlled car culture.
		Bunting is established as a shell company and the South Island is targeted for asset-stripping and takeover, as well as key sectors of the automobile industry.
		Oil companies say that only $870 million worth of minerals in Martha Hill, while true figure is closer to $3 billion.
	sf.indymedia.org /news/2002/06/134809.php (8514 words)

	The New Oil Crisis - Andy Rowell and Steve Kretzmann
		Exxon and Mobil are two of the "Seven Sisters", the oil companies that have dominated the industry this century.
		On the other, the oil price is at its lowest point for over a decade as increased production from these same companies has glutted the market.
		Despite this, Exxon and Mobil are the main companies involved in the two vociferous industry lobby groups, the Global Climate Coalition and American Petroleum Institute (API), that have tried to scupper UN negotiations.
	www.andyrowell.com /articles/oil_crisis.html (895 words)

	Seven Sisters - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Seven Sisters, London, an area and road in England with a railway and underground station of that name
		Seven Sisters, Western Massachusetts, a group of seven mountaintops in the Holyoke Range of Western Massachusetts.
		Seven Sisters Waterfall, Norway, a group of waterfalls in the Geirangerfjord
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Seven_Sisters (375 words)

	Oil
		The American, Dutch, and British oil companies boycotted the nationalized Mexican oil interests and the incompetently-run PEMEX was eventually forced to pay $130 million in compensation for seizing the companies.
		During the second world war, the big oil companies drained off much of Mexico's oil reserves, then switched their attention to Venzuela where they were in league with Gomez, the dictator.
		All the major oil companies adopted the same tax dodge so that by 1973 the five largest companies were making two-thirds of their profits abroad and paying no U.S. taxes on those earnings.
	www.hermes-press.com /oilrulers1.htm (2961 words)

	U.S. Middle East Policy and Oil
		By 2005, the figure had risen to 57 percent, and Arab OPEC countries accounted in 2004 for 26 percent of U.S. imports (with non-Arab countries Indonesia, Venezuela, and Nigeria, the figure is 50 percent).
		During the war, the companies cooperated closely with Saudi Arabia to deny oil and fuel to the U.S. Navy.
		The major oil companies vigorously lobbied Congress on behalf of the sale of F-15s in 1978 and AWACS aircraft in 1981.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/US-Israel/usoil.html (802 words)

	Oil Industry Statistics from Gibson Consulting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Oil tanker capacity for trans-oceanic shipping is also 100% reserved for the forseeable future, and shipping costs have nearly tripled [more info].
		Because oil is priced in dollars, no matter where in the world it comes from, producers want higher prices in order to maintain their income.
		Although the price of oil is ultimately governed by supply and demand -- with the greatest demand in the US (25% of world oil consumption; 45% of world gasoline consumption) and two-thirds of US demand in the transportation sector -- nervousness on the part of oil traders also impacts the short-term price.
	www.gravmag.com /oil.html (5395 words)

	Links about oil in general.
		ExxonMobile has recently been created by the merger of Exxon Corporation (originally standard Oil of New Jersey) with Mobil Corporation.
		Gulf Oil, the seventh sister, merged with SoCal to form Chevron.
		has books, maps of oil fields and pipelines, directories and databases.
	www.bydesign.com /fossilfuels/links/html/oil/oil_general.html (106 words)

	The Seven Sisters - 9
		The Great Oil Companies and the World They Made
		In the Middle East, Tav was determined to increase Mobil's share, and was much more prepared to consider new partnership arrangements, which antagonised the other sisters, but also brought him closer to the producers; and he formed a close friendship with Yamani in Saudi Arabia.
		In the City of London a new skyscraper was completed in 1967 which surprised even other oilmen with its extravagance.
	journeytoforever.org /biofuel_library/sevensisters/7sisters9.html (7674 words)

	Seven Sisters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Also an outdated nickname for the world’s largest privately operated oil companies.
		They were: British Petroleum, Exxon, Gulf, Mobil, Royal Dutch Shell, Texaco, and Chevron, formerly Standard Oil Co. of California.
		Chevron has since taken over Gulf and merged with Texaco.
	www.stthomas.edu /jour/apstyle/Seven_Sisters.html (54 words)

	Seven (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Seven Dwarfs of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
		The Seven Dwarfs of the 1988 Democratic Presidential Primaries
		Authors: JN and JW Content last updated on May 6, 2000
	www.e-almanac.com /numbers/seven.htm (39 words)

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