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Topic: Seveso disaster

	Industrial Disasters Encyclopedia Article @ Befell.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Due to the release of dioxins into the atmosphere and throughout a large section of the Lombard Plain, 3,000 pets and farm animals died and, later, 70,000 animals were slaughtered to prevent dioxins from entering the food chain.
		The disaster lead to the Seveso Directive, which was issued by the European Community and imposed much harsher industrial regulations.
		This was a major industrial disaster in the U.S., causing the death of more than one hundred garment workers who either died in the fire or jumped to their deaths.
	www.befell.net /encyclopedia/Industrial_disasters (789 words)

	Similar Industrial Tragedies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Seveso's recovery was dependent on the special character of the incident itself and especially on the response of the firm and the authorities.
		Seveso was especially fortunate, not merely because the damage occurred over a short time rather than a protracted period but also because the factory at Meda could be dispensed with.
		Seveso is truly a paradoxical and contradictory symbol; to interpret it simplistically, either for alarm or for reassurance, would be a serious error, for history and for policy.
	www.bhopal.net /oldsite/similar.html (6299 words)

	Seveso disaster - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		No human is known to have died from dioxin poisoning but its toxic effects have been documented in cases such as the Yusho disaster in Japan in 1968, the Yucheng disaster in Taiwan in 1979 [2] as well as in Vietnam War veterans who processed and sprayed Agent Orange, which contained dioxin and diesel fuel.
		It could be argued that Seveso is a disaster that has not yet produced identifiable disastrous consequences.
		Dioxin: Seveso disaster testament to effects of dioxin, article by Mick Corliss, May 6, 1999.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Seveso_disaster (2165 words)

	The Seveso Studies on Early and Long-Term Effects of Dioxin Exposure: A Review
		The accident that occurred in a chemical plant near the town of Seveso, Italy, in 1976 caused a large population to be exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD or dioxin).
		Map of the Seveso accident area showing the trichlorophenol plant, Icmesa, where the TCDD exposure occurred, the three contamination zones, A, B, and R, and the surrounding noncontaminated area adopted as a reference zone.
		In the Seveso study the most consistently suggestive pattern of increased cancer risk was seen among people living in zone B where the possible accident-related cancer effects were a priori expected to appear because of the high exposure level and the fairly large population size.
	www.ehponline.org /members/1998/Suppl-2/625-633bertazzi/bertazzi.html (5346 words)

	Background
		Disaster interventions can affect several areas of expertise in the EU, for example justice and home affairs where the police forces of several countries are involved, or environmental legislation on disasters if assumed to have a serious impact on the environment.
		In situations of this type, the EU's civil protection experts must cooperate with other programme units in the EU and be aware, for example, of the EU’s Seveso directive, which regulates interventions in cases of disasters concerning chemicals.
		Examples of crises of this type are natural disasters and events (accidents and acts of terror) involving, for instance, radiation, biological substances and chemical substances.
	www.hope.be /07publi/leaflet/disasterupdate/Update04-interncooper.htm (1128 words)

	30 years after chemical disaster, Italy still at polluters' mercy
		She was enveloped in the toxic cloud that spread over Meda, Seveso and neighbouring towns and villages, contaminating a region with a population of around 100,000, 20 kilometres (12 miles) from Milan.
		Meanwhile the European parliament is attempting to strengthen its environmental legislation, originally introduced in response to the Seveso disaster.
		Seveso 2 required companies to manage the risks of their activities more rigorously, and applied to the storage as well as the use of dangerous materials.
	www.terradaily.com /2006/060708023025.e2yrit5t.html (573 words)

	Disaster Terminology
		The chain of medical care from the disaster site to the hospital bed, along which the patient is medically handled and treated, can be divided into 3 phases: the medical organization at the site, the distribution of patients among neighbouring hospitals, and the organization in the hospitals.
		Disasters can then be classified utilizing various parameters; man-made versus God-made, the radius of the disaster site, the number of dead, the number of wounded, the average severity of the injuries sustained, the impact time, and the rescue time.
		Soils have a period-dependent effect on the ground motion, increasing the level of shaking for certain periods of vibration and decreasing it for others as a function of the "softness" and thickness of the soil relative to the underlying rock and the three-dimensional properties of the soil/rock column.
	pdm.medicine.wisc.edu /vocab.htm (9135 words)

	ERRIS Project ::Seveso Disaster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In July 1976, a runaway reaction occurred in the trichlorophenol synthesis vessel of a chemical plant near Seveso, Italy.
		This event became internationally known as the Seveso disaster, after the name of a neighbouring municipality that was most severely affected.
		The disaster led to a widespread public outcry over industrial plant safety, and significant tightening of the UK government's regulations covering hazardous industrial processes.
	www.erris.org /seveso.html (566 words)

	The story of the poisoning of Seveso, Italy
		The Seveso accident is likely the most systematically studied dioxin contamination incident in history and, in Mocarelli's words, a chance experiment on human beings.
		In addition, research using the Seveso samples taken over the last two decades may help determine what dioxin levels are dangerous, and help in making more accurate risk assessments in other nations.
		Beneath Seveso Oak Forest's grassy undulations are two massive concrete tanks -- the resting place of the top 40 cm of soil removed after the explosion.
	www.getipm.com /articles/seveso-italy.htm (1268 words)

	Shared Spaces - Feedback
		Disasters involving hazardous materials, such as the ones at Bhopol, Seveso, Toulouse and the Tisza River shocked and scarred the world.
		Seveso remained in the news for a long time as various studies were published.
		One factor that contributed to the disaster in the Bhopal plant was the lack of local-level control.
	www2.vrom.nl /pagina.html?id=5969 (4891 words)

	news - EU: Seveso: the lessons from the last 30 years (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Their presence, and the presence of so may distinguished speakers, is a clear demonstration of the importance that is attached to commemorating the thirtieth anniversary of the Seveso accident.
		The disaster brought home the need to combine industrial development with the protection of our citizens and the quality of the environment.
		The Seveso Directive was most recently amended in 2003 and to reduce these risks to a minimum our main priority is to ensure that the existing legislation is fully and effectively implemented.
	www.noticias.info /asp/aspComunicados.asp?nid=230035 (695 words)

	e-Seveso Project - F.A.Q. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Seveso II Directive is based on Article 174 (ex-Article 130s) of the EC Treaty.
		The aim of the Seveso II Directive is two-fold.
		The scope of the Seveso II Directive solely to the presence of dangerous substances in establishments.
	www.e-seveso.net /en/faq.html (2501 words)

	4 Seveso: A paradoxical classic disaster
		One of the most remarkable features of the Seveso experience was that neither the residents nor the local and regional authorities suspected that the ICMESA plant was a source of risk.
		Moreover, at Seveso as well as Flixborough, "changes had been made in plant or processes which compromised the safety of the facilities but were not communicated to authorities responsible for public health and safety" (Otway and Amendola 1989: 507).
		Although the Seveso Directive grew out of deficiencies in the existing system of industrial regulation, it is not simply intended to provide protection against hazards: it is also designed to equalize the burden of regulation on industry.
	www.unu.edu /unupress/unupbooks/uu21le/uu21le09.htm (4853 words)

	Toulouse Accident - UNEP APELL
		The Seveso accident happened in 1976 at a chemical plant manufacturing pesticides and herbicides.
		This includes a revision and extension of the scope, the introduction of new requirements relating to safety management systems, emergency planning and land-use planning and a reinforcement of the provisions on inspections to be carried out by Member States.
		Important areas excluded from the scope of the Seveso II Directive include nuclear safety, the transport of dangerous substances and intermediate temporary storage outside establishments and the transport of dangerous substances by pipelines.
	www.uneptie.org /pc/apell/disasters/toulouse/seveso.htm (888 words)

	On 10th July (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Victims of the Seveso accident also reported symptoms of other afflictions—immune system and neurological disorders as well as spontaneous abortions—but studies found no link to dioxin.
		Beneath Seveso Oak Forest’s grassy undulations are two massive concrete tanks—the resting place of the top 40cm of soil removed after the explosion.
		It is also the final resting place of the contaminated animals that were slaughtered, the factory—taken apart brick by brick by workers in protective suits—as well as other buildings coated by the fallout.
	www.bhopal.net /oldsite/oldwebsite/seveso.html (1282 words)

	Dioxin: Seveso disaster testament to effects of dioxin
		May 6, 1999 Dioxin: Seveso disaster testament to effects of dioxin Third in a series By MICK CORLISS Staff writer MILAN, Italy-- Today, birds chatter in the trees and people take Sunday strolls along the paths of Bosco delle Querce, or Seveso Oak Forest park.
		Victims of the Seveso accident also reported symptoms of other afflictions -- immune system and neurological disorders as well as spontaneous abortions -- but studies found no link to dioxin.
		Reconstruction of the event using samples taken over time have helped clarify how long dioxin stays in the human body, as well as the different effects it has on children and adults.
	lists.essential.org /dioxin-l/msg00386.html (1299 words)

	film resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This film examines the Bhopal disaster through the context of increasing globalization and questions the tremendous influence that corporate giants wield throughout the 'developing' world.
		This documentary follows Mark Tully, the BBC correspondent who reported on the disaster from Bhopal in its immediate aftermath, as he returns to Bhopal ten years after the disaster.
		Tells the story of the disaster through the eyes of Union Carbide's Indian medical officer, who was called to the scene in the immediate aftermath of the leak.
	www.smolny.org /hrp/projects/bhopal/resources/filmresources.shtml (1017 words)

	seveso_disaster (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Industrial safety regulations were passed in the European Community in 1982 called the Seveso Directive [6] which imposed much harsher industrial regulations.
		The Seveso disaster gives valuable comparative insight into the effects of Agent Orange on and fauna in Vietnam, not to mention Vietnamese people as TCDD was the active toxic chemical in Agent Orange.
		5 - "Seveso: A paradoxical classic disaster : Conclusion" by B. De Marchi, S. Funtowicz, and J. Ravetz, Chapter 4 of "The long road to recovery: Community responses to industrial disaster" published by United Nations University.
	www.dietsupplements101.com /wiki/?title=Seveso_disaster (2126 words)

	Developmental Dental Aberrations After the Dioxin Accident in Seveso
		Twenty-five years after the dioxin accident in Seveso, Italy, 48 subjects from the contaminated areas (zones A and B) and in patches lightly contaminated (zone R) were recruited for the examination of dental and oral aberrations.
		Because of all these facts, 25 years after the Seveso accident we invited subjects exposed to TCDD in 1976 in their childhood to receive a dental examination.
		Twenty-five years after the Seveso accident we found that serum TCDD levels in childhood were associated with the presence of developmental enamel defects in the permanent dentition.
	www.ehponline.org /members/2004/6920/6920.html (4738 words)

	iTulip.com - Financial Markets are Polluted with Risk
		One well-publicized ecological mishap was the Seveso dioxin disaster in Seveso, Italy in 1976 where 3,000 pets and farm animals died and 70,000 animals were slaughtered later to prevent dioxin from entering the food chain.
		When first confronted with the prospect of government regulation, the chemical industry took the position that the cost of environmental protection cannot be born by chemical companies without reducing the incentive to produce these beneficial products.
		The resulting financial markets and economic ecology movement was called Socialism, a 70 year long economic disaster in and of itselt, the effects of which are still being felt today.
	www.itulip.com /riskpollution.htm (2062 words)

	Health Effects of Dioxin Exposure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Cytogenetic investigation of the Seveso population exposed to TCDD.
		Ten-year mortality study of the population involved in the Seveso incident in 1976.
		Dioxin contamination in Seveso: the social tragedy and the scientific challenge.
	www.mindfully.org /Pesticide/Dioxin-Health-Effects-Bertazzi-1jun01.htm (5167 words)

	International Notes Preliminary Report: 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Exposure to Humans -- Seveso, Italy
		The size of the contaminated area was estimated primarily by measuring TCDD in the soil; additional criteria included the presence of dead animals (e.g., birds, rabbits, chickens) and detection of dermal lesions among persons in the area.
		In April 1988, a group of U.S. and Italian scientists convened to further examine the Seveso TCDD incident.
		However, these Seveso samples are unique in that they were taken in proximity of time to an acute human exposure to TCDD.
	www.cdc.gov /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001310.htm (1206 words)

	Seveso disaster - Simple English Wikipedia
		The industral disaster happened on July 10,1976 near that town.
		The disaster resulted in a massive release of the toxic dioxin called TCDD into the environment.
		However, 3.000 farm animals and pets perished, and another 70.000 animals needed to be slaughtered to prevent the dioxin from entering the food chain.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/Seveso_disaster (136 words)

	REC: Manual on Public Participation: PP as an Instrument: Public Participation
		In this respect major ecological disasters causing heavy losses had a great impact on the development of public participation (e.g., Seveso in Italy, 1976; Chernobyl in Ukraine, 1986; and Bophal in India, 1987).
		These disasters made the public increasingly aware of the potential dangers of environmental pollution, and therefore they insisted on better and safer regulations and more openness in matters of ecological importance.
		In the United States the Right-to-Know Acts were expanded after the Bophal disaster, which included the obligation to provide information to the people living in the neighbourhood of chemical and other heavy industrial plants regarding the dangers threatening them.
	www.rec.org /REC/Publications/PPManual/FeeBased/ch12.html (3287 words)

	ioMosaic safety and risk management consulting resources
		Seveso 1976 dioxin (?) release, nobody killed but caused The Seveso II Directive
		Seveso by the company which owned it, updated Feb 1997
		Seveso a paradoxical classic disaster book chapter on the incident and consequences 1996
	www.iomosaic.com /iomosaic/resources/incident_reports.html (1220 words)

	Chronology of Industrial Disasters
		Explosion at Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal India released cloud of methyl isocyanate, killing at least 2,000 and injured 50,000.
		On April 16, the SS Grandcamp, carrying ammonium nitrate fertilizer, exploded in the Texas City harbor, followed the next morning by the explosion of the SS High Flyer.
		The explosion was felt 75 miles away in Port Arthur, and created a 15-foot tidal wave.
	www.endgame.org /industrial-disasters.html (1033 words)

	Iran Daily - International Economy - 07/09/06
		ROME, July 8--The wounds inflicted on the small Italian towns of Meda and Seveso by a chemical explosion at a perfume factory have now healed.
		But 30 years after it was hit by one of Europe’s worst ever industrial and environmental disasters, Italy is still struggling to tackle polluters, AFP reported.
		She was enveloped in the toxic cloud that spread over Meda, Seveso and neighboring towns and villages, contaminating a region with a population of around 100,000, 20 kilometers from Milan.
	www.iran-daily.com /1385/2605/html/ieconomy.htm (2515 words)

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