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Topic: Sewage sludge

In the News (Tue 2 Dec 08)

Damian Green

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Tommy Tuberville

Bill Clinton

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Vilasrao Deshmukh

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Oklahoma State

	EWG Report \|\| Dumping Sewage Sludge On Organic Farms? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		We estimate that allowing sludge to be used in organic agriculture will reduce the nation's sewage sludge disposal burden by about 0.03 percent - a trivial contribution, particularly when weighed against the potential for severe damage to consumer acceptance of organically grown foods and to the economic integrity of the $3.5 billion organic food industry.
		Use of municipal sewage sludge would be completely inconsistent with organic farming principles and practices, in light of the large number of toxic substances routinely found in sewage sludge, often at very high concentrations.
		Sewage sludge is the thick, malodorous slurry left behind in a sewage treatment plant after its load of human and industrial chemical wastes has been treated and the wastewater discharged.
	www.ewg.org /pub/home/reports/sludgememo/sludge.html (2463 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Streamlining the State Sewage Sludge Management Regulations
		EPA is eager for States with well-run sewage sludge management programs to obtain approval to operate their own permit programs under section 405(f)(1) without having to make unnecessary administrative and programmatic changes unrelated to protection of public health and the environment.
		Where sewage sludge remains on the land for longer than two years, it is deemed to be surface disposal rather than storage under 40 CFR 503.20(b) and is regulated under Part 503.
		Sludge management activities shall include as applicable: (1) Land application, (2) Landfilling in a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill regulated under 40 CFR part 258, (3) Incineration, (4) Surface disposal, and (5) Any other sludge use or disposal practices as may be regulated by 40 CFR part 503.
	www.epa.gov /docs/fedrgstr/EPA-WATER/1997/March/Day-11/w5879.htm (9786 words)

	Reports\Csiro sewage sludge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Sludges from biological treatment processes consist largely of microbial cells and are difficult to dewater, both because of the intracellular water content and the fact that such cells often exude extracellular polymers, which impart a jelly like consistency to the sludge.
		However, instead of stripping the sewage sludge from the fine particles of blast furnace dust they have found that the sludge can be used as a suitable source of carbon to aid the smelting of the dust to form agglomerates of pig iron.
		Sludge dumping is a major component of waste disposal to the ocean and is coming under increasingly close scrutiny because of possible adverse environmental effects.
	www.eidn.com.au /ukcsirosewagesludge.htm (18515 words)

	Let Them Eat Sludge - Center for Media and Democracy
		Spreading sludge on farm fields happens to be the cheapest disposal method available, and WEF and the EPA claim that it is also the most environmentally sound method--that it "recycles" sewage waste by converting it into a valuable resource.
		Currently, "certified organic" farmers are prohibited from using sludge on their crops, but the sludge industry is pushing for acceptance by organic farming organizations, and this will be a battleground for industry PR in the future.
		The scientists selected by the EPA to serve on sludge advisory committees are the 'beneficial use' researchers, and the only research reports they deem acceptable for the purpose of adopting new sludge spreading regulations are from the 'beneficial use' studies.
	www.prwatch.org /prwissues/1995Q3/sludge.html (2919 words)

	EUROPA - Environment - Waste - Sludge
		Sludge is, however, rich in nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous and contains valuable organic matter that is useful when soils are depleted or subject to erosion.
		The Directive also requires that sludge should be used in such a way that account is taken of the nutrient requirements of plants and that the quality of the soil and of the surface and groundwater is not impaired.
		Limit values for concentrations of heavy metals in sewage sludge intended for agricultural use and in sludge-treated soils are in Annexes I A, I B and I C of the Directive.
	www.europa.eu.int /comm/environment/waste/sludge (706 words)

	Natural Life Magazine #58 - Sewage Sludge as Fertilizer
		Sludge is the mud-like material that remains after treatment of the wastes that flow into local sewage treatment plants.
		The body of literature on sewage sludge is large, but much of it consists of articles intended to break down public resistance to the use of the product on farm land.
		Sewage sludge is mutagenic (it causes inheritable genetic changes in organisms), but no one seems sure what this means for human or animal health.
	www.life.ca /nl/58/sludge.html (1935 words)

	Sustainable Communities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The land application of sewage sludge in __________ Township poses a significant threat to the health, safety, and welfare of the citizens and environment of __________ Township.
		The purpose of this subsection is confirm the Class of sludge to be applied and to identify the testing that __________ Township must conduct on the sewage sludge and the requisite testing and collection fees under Section 8.4 of this Ordinance.
		For sewage sludge that purportedly satisfies vector attraction requirements under 25 Pa. Code § 271.933(b)(5), (6), (7), (8), (9), or (10), the sewage sludge applicant shall submit written proof that the sludge to be land applied satisfies the requirements under the applicable Alternative.
	www.celdf.org /scm/ord/ord13.asp (2062 words)

	Sewage Sludge, Pros & Cons Rebecca Renner / Environmental Science & Technology V.34 - I.19 1oct00 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Sewage sludge, also known as biosolids, is what is left behind after water is cleaned in waste treatment works.
		The application of sewage sludge to land, especially on agricultural lands, has been contentious since the late 1980s, when national and international clean water regulations prohibiting the ocean dumping of sludge were first enacted.
		Although opponents of sludge use have many grievances, one of their main concerns is the long-term buildup of heavy metals in the soil.
	www.mindfully.org /Pesticide/Sewage-Sludge-Pros-Cons.htm (3252 words)

	Sewage Sludge (aka Biosolids)
		A 4-page summary and 20-page document are provided to help dairy farmers and their advisors make informed decisions regarding the use of sewage sludges, sludge-based products and septage.
		The Role of Municipalities in Regulating the Land Application of Sewage Sludge and Septage, by Ellen Z. Harrison and Malaika M. Eaton.
		Written by CWMI; John Peverly, formerly with the Dept of Crop and Soils; and Liz Siaba, CCE of Nassau County.
	cwmi.css.cornell.edu /Sludge.html (619 words)

	Sewage sludge - SourceWatch
		In the meantime, the push for clean water had created another problem--tons of pollution-laden sewage sludge generated as a byproduct of the treatment process.
		A fourth method --gasification, using sludge to generate methanol or energy--is favored by EPA's Hugh Kaufman as the "most environmentally sound approach, but also the most expensive." A fifth approach --using sludge as plant fertilizer--was considered hazardous to health and the environment until the 1970s, but it has the advantage of being inexpensive.
		As budget concerns mounted in the late 1970s, the EPA began to pressure sewage plants to adopt the cheapest method available--spreading sludge on farm fields.
	www.sourcewatch.org /index.php?title=Sewage_sludge (1169 words)

	US: dangerous reuse of sewage sludge
		Sewage sludge is the material that remains after bacteria have digested human wastes.
		Today about 16% of US sewage sludge is incinerated, and the ashes are buried in landfills; 38% of sludge is landfilled directly; 36% is spread onto farmland or forest land or otherwise mixed into soils; and 10% is handled in other ways (piled on the land and abandoned, for example).
		The scientific literature on sewage sludge is large, but much of it consists of articles intended to break down public resistance to the use of sewage sludge on farm land.
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/1997/292/292p12.htm (1291 words)

	ReSource - Weekly Musings: Is Your Food Organic if it is Grown With Sewage Sludge?
		Alarmingly, the ultimate laundering of toxic waste -- where dangerous substances are digested in municipal sewage treatment plants and regurgitated as sewage sludge -- has not been ruled out by the proposed NOP regulations.
		Municipal sewage sludge, commonly called "biosolids" by the waste management industry, was determined by the NOSB to be a synthetic substance and not appropriate for use in organic crop production.
		The next chorus will be a resounding no to the use of sewage sludge as a fertilizer on anything that is part of the web of life.
	www.riles.org /musings2.htm (818 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - Sewage sludge bulks up house bricks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Sludge from sewage works can be used to bulk up ordinary house bricks, a team from Taiwan has found.
		The impetus behind the idea was to find new uses for the 670,000 tonnes of sewage sludge the island produces each year, and for which landfill space is fast running out.
		In a paper accepted for publication in Advances in Environmental Research, Weng's team report achieving their best results when sewage sludge accounted for 10 per cent of the material in clay bricks fired at about 900C.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn2731 (314 words)

	The Center for Food Safety - Sewage Sludge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Selling sewage sludge to farmers for use on cropland has been a favored government program for disposing of the unwanted byproducts from municipal wastewater treatment plants.
		Sewage sludge includes anything that is flushed, poured, or dumped into our nation's wastewater system--a vast, toxic mix of wastes collected from countless sources, from homes to chemical industries to hospitals.
		Regulations governing the use and disposal of sewage sludge have been criticized by both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Research Council, as well as numerous medical professionals, engineers, and activists.
	www.centerforfoodsafety.org /sewage_slu.cfm (434 words)

	Sewage Sludge Homepage
		People eating food grown on soil treated with sewage sludge may be in danger.
		Use the EPA's Toxic Release Inventory database to find out which industries dump into the sewage treatment plants that are providing the sludge being dumped on you.
		Effects of Sewage Sludge on the Cadmium and Zinc Content of Crops
	www.ejnet.org /sludge (1021 words)

	Sludge Links "Biosolids" Links
		Sewage Sludge is Not Compost EPA proposes a rule change that says it is
		Information on sewage sludge from the Cornell Waste Management Institute, including the document, "A Case for Caution: Recommendations for the Land Application of Sewage Sludge," 2001 Sludge Application recommendations, scientific papers by Cornell faculty, and 82 questions and answers on sludge.
		Joanne Marshall's statement to the EPA regarding the death of her son from sludge poisoning.
	www.riles.org /sludge.htm (915 words)

	Sewage Sludge
		But now treated sewage sludge is spread on farmland and abandoned mines instead.
		Opponents of bio-solids, or "sewage sludge" as they maintain it should be called, argue that the current waste management system is more of a problem than a solution.
		These activists say we need to solve the problem on the "front end" where waste enters the waste stream, rather than at the "back end" which is where it ends up.
	www.greenworks.tv /radio/todaystory/20020927.htm (410 words)

	Sewage sludge legal to use as fertilizer on crops (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		It's an outrage: the EPA says farmers can spread human waste sludge on their crops, regardless of what's in the sludge.
		And with the general public putting all sorts of toxic ingredients into their own bodies in terms of personal care products loaded with toxic chemicals and cancer-causing food additives like sodium nitrite, there's tremendous cause for concern.
		It's bad enough that people fill their bodies with highly toxic food ingredients, but it's even worse that the EPA allows farmers to spread this on their crops and, ultimately, allow it right back into the food supply.
	www.newstarget.com /000232.html (968 words)

	Sewage Sludge Issues in Pennsylvania
		E-mails re (A) EPA denial of petition for moratorium on sewage sludge spreading
		Sludge Corruption in PA Email exchange and Sandy Smith's report re Springettsbury, York sludging suit, July 30, 2001
		USEPA 40 CFR p.685-716, July 1, 1997: Standards for the use or disposal of sewage sludge"
	pa_sludge.tripod.com (2128 words)

	Work History
		Occurrence of airborne bacteria and pathogen indicators during land application of sewage sludge.
		Large-scale virus transport through a sandy aquifer under a forced gradient.
		The effects of the commercial land application of sewage sludge on the air quality of a neighboring population center.
	www.depts.ttu.edu /liru_afs/staff/sdowd/sdowdcv.htm (1129 words)

	Toxic Alert Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Sludge and Sewage - hazardous waste becomes "fertilizer"
		Sludge Alert - Hazardous sewage sludge becomes "fertilizer"
		The Sludge Hits The Fan - excerpted from Toxic Sludge Is Good For You!
	www.cqs.com /etoxic.htm (1148 words)

	weblife.org: Humanure Handbook: References
		"EPA Proposes New Rules for Sewage Sludge Disposal".
		48 - Radtke, T.M., and Gist, G.L. "Wastewater Sludge Disposal: Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria May Pose Health Hazard." Journal of Environmental Health.
		Needs and Problems in Sewage Treatment and Effluent Disposal Facing Small Communities; The Role of Wetland Treatment Alternatives.
	www.weblife.org /humanure/references.html (4324 words)

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