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	Imprinting (psychology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Imprinting is the term used in psychology and ethology to describe any kind of phase-sensitive learning (learning occurring at a particular age or a particular life stage) that is rapid and apparently independent of the consequences of behavior.
		Filial imprinting is not restricted to animals that are able to follow their parents, however; in child development the term is used to refer to the process by which a baby learns who its mother and father are.
		Sexual imprinting on inanimate objects is a popular theory concerning the development of sexual fetishism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Imprinting_(psychology) (988 words)

	BookRags: Imprinting Summary
		Imprinting is a term used in ethology (study of animal behavior) to describe the development of a stable behavioral pattern during a brief period of juvenile life (known as the "sensitive phase") in a social species.
		Parental imprinting is an especially common learned behavior in precocial birds, which are born in a relatively advanced state of development and leave their nest soon after birth, but are still tended by one or both parents as they move about while foraging.
		Imprinting in mammals is most thoroughly studied in birds, although it is believed to be especially important in the hoofed mammals, which tend to congregate in large herds in which a young animal could easily be separated from its mother.
	www.bookrags.com /research/imprinting-wob (593 words)

	Genetic sexual attraction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Genetic sexual attraction (GSA) is sexual attraction between close relatives, such as a brother and sister.
		It is generally highly distressing to both parties, as this sexual attraction is contrary to their socialized sexual and moral structures, as well as to the legal structure of society.
		Normally, when children are raised together in early childhood, this phenomenon is avoided by a form of reverse sexual imprinting known as the Westermarck effect, which appears to suppress sexual desire between siblings.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Genetic_sexual_attraction (415 words)

	Animal behaviour - Resources for applied ...
		By imprinting ducklings onto a special stick, the peasants can not only take their brood out to the paddy fields as required but, by planting the stick sequentially in different parts of the plantation, they can ensure that molluscs in all areas can be subjected to predation.
		Imprinting seems more important in precocial species, in which the offspring are less dependent on their mothers for food and warmth, than in altricial species which often confine their more vulnerable, and often hairless, young to nests.
		In sexually dimorphic species (in which the external appearance of males and females differ), sexual imprinting varies depending on whether the youngster is male or female.
	animalbehaviour.net /Imprinting.htm (923 words)

	Deviancy Pornography
		However this is likely to result in imprinting on the very behavior that the parent is trying to discourage because the severe reaction of the parent causes a massive release of adrenalin in the child's system and this is likely to insure the permanent imprinting on the proscribed behavior.
		The sexual climate produced by a war on pornography is a sex-negative climate, and its antisexualism permeates society.
		Sexually explicit material, the report concluded, has an extremely superficial and short-lived impact on the lives and behavior of the persons exposed to it.
	www.vernonjohns.org /nonracists/dvporno.html (3633 words)

	A Critical Evaluation of the Ontogeny of Human Sexual Behavior
		To further the idea that a psychosexual imprint is fixed and irreversible, 5 cases of genetic females born with fused labia and enlarged clitorides are cited.
		That imprinting does not account for assumption of the gender role is shown by the failure of the phenomena to meet the criteria for imprinting and by the inability of an imprinting theory to handle various facets of human behavior.
		The theory of inherent sexual predisposition and of a somatic basis for the patterning of sexual behavior is not original with me. Aside from mythological and religious beliefs of a similar nature, this hypothesis was advanced scientifically almost fifty years ago by Goodale (1918).
	www.hawaii.edu /PCSS/online_artcls/intersex/qrb_201.html (14662 words)

	Aguin-Pombo, D (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Population divergence in sexual ornaments: The white forehead patch of Norwegian pied flycatchers is small and unsexy.
		Sexual response of a male scarab beetle to larvae suggests a novel evolutionary origin for a pheromone.
		Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of sexual dichromatism among populations of the Yarrow's spiny lizard (Sceloporus jarrovii).
	www.eeb.uconn.edu /Courses/EEB449/449_sexselec_specia.htm (3855 words)

	Africa wildlife/amimal behaviour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The timing of filial imprinting is crucial, and any delay in the bonding between mother and infant could cause the mother to reject its offspring.
		An example of imprinting in the wild is the newly born wildebeest that becomes separated from its mother.
		The sensitive period for sexual imprinting is dependent on the species and life span of the animal.
	www.mcdcwain.freeserve.co.uk /behaviour2.htm (1209 words)

	PetPlace.com - Article: Compulsive Reproductive Behavior (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Sexual compulsions may arise in neutered and intact cats, in males and in females.
		Cats that have been sexually imprinted on humans, will show a preference for mounting human limbs even when sexually receptive felines are accessible.
		If a cat intended for breeding has sexually imprinted on humans, the prognosis is poor, but shaping may help focus the cat’s attention in a more natural direction.
	www.petplace.com /articles/artPrinterFriendly.asp?conID=20006 (794 words)

	ETHOLOGY Archives -- December 1995 (#29)
		Imprinting is now well-enough known that conservation biologists are likely to be aware of potential problems arising in management situations, particularly with respect to mate choice.
		Clearly, inappropriate sexual imprinting can be a significant problem and should be avoided if possible, but it is not an absolute phenomenon and may be a relatively minor issue for many species.
		Unfortunately, box-using may not have been a successfully imprinted trait because similar proportions of the two groups did and did not use boxes on the second island (i.e., the translocation was a success, although the experiment may have failed).
	segate.sunet.se /cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind9512&L=ethology&F=&S=&P=2947 (3476 words)

	psychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		To provide: (i) a general understanding of research on the origins of human sexual preferences, in relation to broad issues raised by ethology and evolutionary psychology; and (ii) to explore the empirical research evidence on one aspect of this topic.
		Students will first read about sexual imprinting in relation to sexual preferences in birds and mammals and then consider one of two areas in which it has been applied to humans, incest avoidance and sexual orientation.
		In relation to sexual orientation, the theory is that heterosexual preferences arise as a consequence of early socialization with same sex-individuals, who again provide a negative “standard” for later preferences.
	www.uclan.ac.uk /facs/science/psychol/modules/ps4203.htm (649 words)

	SparkNotes: Learning and Animal Behavior: Imprinting
		In the process of filial imprinting, the imprinting of offspring on their parents, there is a critical period for learning that is irreversible once something has been imprinted upon.
		Sexual imprinting is a general imprinting; it is not specific to individuals, only species typical characteristics.
		If a female were to imprint specifically on his sister, or vice versa, inbreeding would result, which reduces a population's fitness.
	www.sparknotes.com /biology/animalbehavior/learning/section3.rhtml (633 words)

	JournaI of Sex Education
		This paper establishes a comprehensive continuum model for the phenomenon of intergenerational sexual contact, defined as any behavior between a minor and someone at least 5 years older that is perceived by either participant or by society as sexually stimulating or intended to be sexually stimulating.
		If the field of human sexuality is to be comprehensive, it must study, without generalizing, all types, including the extremes, of adult interest in childhood sexuality and all types of childhood sexual experience with adults.
		He concluded, "the sexual contacts in themselves do not seem harmful, but the attitudes of society have negative consequences." Sandfort (1984), also in Holland, used retrospective impressions as well as interviews with 25 boys who at the time were engaged in consensual, ongoing relationships with adult males.
	www.ipce.info /ipceweb/Library/nelson.htm (3068 words)

	Sexual Paradox: Biology
		The sexual imprinting of genes through methylation may be an adaption of a defence against genes infected by deleterious mobile elements by rendering a section of DNA inactive.
		The semen of flies is similarly in sexual conflict with the reproductive interests of the female forcing her to devote a disproportionate share of her reproductive energy to the siring from the ejaculate.
		Sexual imprinting master switch: Key imprinted H19 and Igf2 genes on the same mouse chromosome are oppositely ‘imprinted’ in normal embryos.
	www.dhushara.com /paradoxhtm/biology.htm (21025 words)

	Deviancy Brain Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Sexual deviation is gender-dependent and not only much more frequent but also much more varied in its manifestations in the male than in the female.
		Sexual deviation is linked to the differential cerebral organization of the male and female brains, which, in turn, is the result of neurochemical interactions that are testosterone-dependent.
		It is necessary that sexual imprinting be impersonal, otherwise there would be a risk of the male child fixating upon the mother as an identity rather than a displayer of certain attributes of universal female application.
	www.vernonjohns.org /nonracists/dvissues.html (2479 words)

	Evolutionary Psychology, Behaviorism, and the Incest Taboo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		According to the teleological principles that guide evolutionary explanations of cognitive phenomena, the lack of sexual arousal resulting from early childhood social contact is due to metaphorical 'imprinting' mechanisms that are inferentially derived from hypothetical selection pressures occuring over the evolutionary span of human development.
		These modular imprinting mechanisms derive from metaphorical perspectives of a human brain that possesses numerous hard-wired computational structures or modules that determine the function and shape of specific behavioral traits.
		Extending this concept to sexual desire, the 'wanting' part of arousal is entirely different physiologically and psychologically from it's 'having' or coital element, and is subject to the often nonconscious vagaries of learning.
	www.homestead.com /flowstate/incest.html (2638 words)

	Bonding - Identification and Imprinting
		It cannot distinguish between sexual emotions that arise from within itself from the sexual emotions that are introjected from the mother.
		When imprinting occurs, the flow of love is from the mother (jealousy in love mode) to the infant (jealousy in self-pity mode).
		The self-pity mode indicates dependency; hence imprinting signifies the dependency of the child on the mother.
	www.discover-your-mind.co.uk /2-bonding.htm (2637 words)

	The KLI Theory Lab - keywords - sexual selection
		Geary, D.C. /Rumsey, M./Bow-Thomas, C.C./Hoard, M.K. Sexual jealousy as a facultative trait: Evidence from the pattern of sex differences in adults from China and the United States.
		Keywords: adaptive learning mechanisms • parental guidance • parental imprinting • sexual selection.
		Keywords: female choice • male sexual behavior • sexual selection • sperm precedence.
	www.kli.ac.at /theorylab/Keyword/S/SexualSel.html (681 words)

	SEXOLOGY---"Sources of Sexual Fantasies"---by James Leonard Park.
		Our imprinted sex-scripts seem to have a power of their own.
		we may be bothered by sexual responses that seem 'immature'.
		we may be able to create relationships beyond our sexual imprinting.
	www.tc.umn.edu /~parkx032/CY-SSF.html (971 words)

	SparkNotes: Learning and Animal Behavior: Problems
		Name the main difference between filial and sexual imprinting.
		The same duckling grows up and as an adult is sexually attracted to chickens rather than other ducks.
		What are the two steps of imprinting in precocial birds.
	www.sparknotes.com /biology/animalbehavior/learning/problems_2.html (126 words)

	BIO 555-755 Behavioral Ecology Lecture Notes 5
		Sexual coercion can be defined as a means by which males attempt to manipulate females into mating with them.
		An analysis of variations in the sexual behaviour of the male smooth newt.
		Sexual coercion in a terrestrial salamander: males punish socially polyandrous female partners.
	people.eku.edu /ritchisong/behavecolnotes5.htm (3826 words)

	Mail-Jewish Volume 49 Number 47
		Believing that homosexuality and child molestation are one and the same issue is a very convenient way to demonize homosexuals and to redirect blame; the Catholic church, incidentally, is expert at this.
		I and another subscriber here had a brief offlist interchange on the topic two years ago as both of us are interested in the history and development of "Jewess" as an epithet.
		As to the child molester bit: AIUI child molesting is related to arrested development and not to sexual orientation.
	www.ottmall.com /mj_ht_arch/v49/mj_v49i47.html (1793 words)

	Proper Puppy Socialization
		"Through species identification a puppy is able to recognize its parents (filial imprinting), and develop preferential intraspecific social relations (fraternal imprinting) and the relations (sexual imprinting) which means the survival of the species (filial and sexual imprinting).
		In one year my practice treated 773 dogs - 79 of them, that’s 10 percent, had problems of fearfulness towards people or the environment due to a lack of early socialisation or habituation and a further 4.5.
		The imprinting is critical toward a proper future bonding with his new family!
	www.shilohshepherds.info /properSocialization.htm (2014 words)

	Genetics and the origin of bird species -- Grant and Grant 94 (15): 7768 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of ...
		This paper was presented at a colloquium entitled "Genetics and the Origin of Species," organized by Francisco J. Ayala (Co-chair) and Walter M. Fitch (Co-chair), held January 30-February 1, 1997, at the National Academy of Sciences Beckman Center in Irvine, CA.
		is not supported by modern studies of hybridization and imprinting.
		Premating mechanisms include effects of the cultural process of sexual imprinting.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/94/15/7768 (6832 words)

	SEXOLOGY---IMPRINTED SEXUAL FANTASIES---BOOK OUTLINE---by JAMES PARK
		Why We Experience a Tension between Lust and Reason.
		Sex-Scripts Are NOT Simon and Gagnon's Sexual Scripts.
		Animal Sexuality is Governed by Genes and Hormones.
	www.tc.umn.edu /~parkx032/SS.html (180 words)

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