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Topic: Sexual norms

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	Human sexual behavior - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sexual behavior, like other kinds of social activity, is generally governed by rules which are culturally specific and vary widely (see sexual morality, sexual norms).
		Sexual masochism is the recurrent urge or behavior of wanting to be humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer.
		Sexual sadism is the recurrent urge or behavior involving acts in which the pain or humiliation of the victim is sexually exciting.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sexual_behavior (3078 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 15, Ch. 192, Psychosexual Disorders
		Proper sexual functioning in men and women depends on the sexual response cycle, which consists of an anticipatory mental set (sexual motive state or state of desire), effective vasocongestive arousal (erection in men; swelling and lubrication in women), orgasm, and resolution.
		Sexual dysfunctions may be lifelong (no effective performance ever, generally due to intrapsychic conflicts) or acquired (after a period of normal function); generalized or limited to certain situations or certain partners; and total or partial.
		Sexual desire is a complex psychosomatic process based on brain activity (the "generator" or "motor" running in a rheostatic cyclic fashion), a poorly defined hormonal milieu, and cognitive scripting that includes sexual aspiration and motivation.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmanual/section15/chapter192/192b.jsp (1691 words)

	Sexual Norms: Where Does America Stand Today?
		The concept of a norm is mysterious because it refers to a concept which exists "out there" as part of a culture, but is something which generally - unlike laws, for example - is never written down or codified formally.
		In fact, the tension between the very basic human sexual drive, the key mechanism in the society's ability to reproduce itself, and the culture's attempt to control and channel this amazingly powerful instinct, is one of the most fascinating aspects of the scientific study of human beings.
		As is true with almost every issue relating to sexual behavior, views are very age related: 39% of those 18-34 say that it is wrong to have a baby without being married, compared to 63% of those 55 and older.
	www.hi-ho.ne.jp /taku77/refer/sexnorm.htm (1803 words)

	Doctrinal Congregation Takes Control of Priestly Pedophilia
		The norms, outlined in a letter to the world's bishops, affect how church law treats such cases; the typical punishment for those convicted is dismissal from the clerical state.
		The letter said the new norms reflected the doctrinal congregation's traditional "exclusive competence" regarding "delicta graviora" -- Latin for "graver offenses." Eight offenses are covered by the norms: various acts committed by priests against the sanctity of the Eucharist and against the sacrament of penance, and sexual abuse of minors by priests.
		Archbishop Bertone said the new norms do not preclude bishops from temporarily suspending accused priests from their ministry while an investigation proceeds -- as long as this was seen as a "temporary and cautionary punishment" and not as a permanent one.
	www.snapnetwork.org /news/vatican/Doctrinal_congregation_takes.htm (1682 words)

	USCCB - (OCYP) - Essential Norms for Diocesan/Eparchial Policies Dealing with Allegations of Sexual Abuse of Minors by ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		These norms are complementary to the universal law of the Church and are to be interpreted in accordance with that law.
		Because sexual abuse of a minor by a cleric is a crime in the universal law of the Church (CIC, c.
		These Norms constitute particular law for the dioceses, eparchies, clerical religious institutes, and societies of apostolic life of the United States with respect to all priests and deacons in the ecclesiastical ministry of the Church in the United States.
	www.nccbuscc.org /ocyp/norms2005.shtml (2133 words)

	sexual abuse norms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As revised, Norm 12 begins, "No priest or deacon who has committed an act of sexual abuse of a minor may be transferred for ministerial assignment to another diocese/eparch or religious province." The original version made no mention of a prohibition against transfer to another religious province for ministry.
		The revised Norm 12 goes on to spell out procedures that must be followed even if such a cleric is simply being moved to another diocese or religious province to reside -- that is, with no ministerial assignment.
		The norms the bishops passed in June did not address that problem directly, although the bishops committed themselves to removing any priest who has been found to have abused a child, regardless of when it occurred.
	www.catholicherald.com /cns/norms-revised2.htm (679 words)

	The Body: The Impact of Parent-Teen Communication on Adolescent Sexual Behavior
		Of these sexual active respondents, the mean age of first intercourse for respondents was 13.7 and their mean number of lifetime sexual partners was 3.85.
		Respondents who perceived that their peers were initiating sexual intercourse at a younger age were more likely to report having had sexual intercourse as well as having initiated sexual intercourse at a younger age.
		Peer norms for condom use were a stronger predictor of condom use for teens who had not talked to a parent about sexual intercourse.
	www.thebody.com /siecus/parents.html (659 words)

	Understanding What Works and What Doesn't In Reducing Adolescent Sexual Risk-Taking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		If an adolescent associates with people who express norms favoring smoking, then he or she is more likely to also smoke; if the teenager is around people who express norms opposed to smoking, then he or she is less likely to smoke.
		Although youth who have been sexually abused are often disadvantaged in a number of ways, it is also true that they have undoubtedly received very confusing and conflicting messages—especially from those abusing them—rather than clear and consistent messages about avoiding sex or unprotected sex.
		Innumerable studies demonstrated that the norms of individuals to whom teenagers are attached (e.g., family members, close friends and romantic partners) were strongly related to and consistent with the adolescents' own sexual and contraceptive behavior.
	www.agi-usa.org /pubs/journals/3327601.html (5209 words)

	clergy sexual abuse and the catholic church \| norms for sexual abuse allegations
		Those norms had been crafted and approved in June 2002 in Dallas, but were not fully accepted by the Vatican.
		The revised norms dominated an intersession news conference held by Bishops Joseph A. Galante, Thomas G. Doran and William E. Lori.
		The bishops on the ad hoc committee emphasized that the norms are not to be confused with the charter that the bishops adopted in June 2002.
	www.americancatholic.org /news/clergysexabuse/USCCB-WashingtonMondayNorms.asp (546 words)

	Higher Education Center: Violence: Rape and Sexual Assault (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of sexual harassment of male and female students as well as perceptions of perpetrator and victim character traits.
		In particular alcohol use prior to sexual assault by both the offenders and victims may affect the severity of the sexual victimization experienced by women.
		Effective sexual assault prevention programs for both males and females have been slow to develop due to the fact that studies have not identified the etiologies of sexual assault.
	www.edc.org /hec/violence/sexual-assault.html (3056 words)

	Zenit News Agency - The World Seen From Rome
		It was to ensure fairness that the norms have been revised to include explicit mention of the special statute of limitations that is ordinarily to be applied in these cases.
		It seems to me that the U.S. norms, as reflected in their designation "essential norms," were never intended to address every aspect of the problem of the sexual abuse of minors or to be the final word on this matter.
		Above all, the norms echo the Holy Father's profound sense of solidarity and concern for the victims and their families, acknowledging that the appalling, sinful and criminal activity of a relatively small number of clerics has indeed caused great harm.
	www.zenit.org /english/visualizza.phtml?sid=27696 (2187 words)

	ReCAPP: Topic in Brief (Social Norms, April 2004)
		Misperceptions of actual, healthy norms are common, but they are also harmful, for a simple reason — people, especially adolescents and young adults, tend to match their own attitudes and behavior to what they perceive to be the norm in their peer community.
		Social norms theory states that adolescents will tend to match their own behaviors to what they perceive to be the norm among their peers.
		The norm in this example is "sex is for adults." Seventy-five percent of adolescents self-reported that they personally believed that it is okay to have sexual intercourse "when you are an adult." Yet these same adolescents perceive that 60% of their friends would say sex is okay at their age.
	www.etr.org /recapp/column/column200404.htm (3795 words)

	Whychallenge
		Sexuality is usually thought of as being related to sex, that is sexual intercourse, but according to Deborah C. Sterns’
		sexual activity as central to sexual identity and romantic relationships.
		In terms of relationships, Sterns* says sexuality is important in relationships insofar as that it is not the defining characteristic that determines relationship preference or even one’s self-identity or happiness.
	www.psu.edu /courses/wmnst/wmnst001_atd1/Sexuality/Whychallenge.htm (380 words)

	Meme -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A gene's success in a body may stem from its attempt to bypass the normal sexual lottery by making itself present in more than 50% of (The cell resulting from the union of an ovum and a spermatozoon (including the organism that develops from that cell)) zygotes in an organism.
		Since the "ecological, sexual, ethical or moral value" of a meme cannot easily be determined outside of the context of the memes of the determiner, the idea of "meme" or "meme virus" can easily be misused to reject others' positions in a pseudo-scientific way.
		The relationship of the meme to other ideas of evolution, e.g., those that separate ecological, sexual, ethical and moral factors and reserve no special or separate role for "culture" beyond these, seems to be as "pretender to the throne"—pretending to explain these more specific ideas of evolution and culture—but without any model to test.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/me/meme.htm (7068 words)

	FSE Project \| Slavery in the U.S.
		Gutman suggests that slave culture and sexual norms closely resembled the practices of premodern cultures, such as the early English agricultural districts in which premarital sexual intercourse was seen as normal because marriage was tacitly understood to be the result of this activity.
		In opposition to the church’s message on sexuality was the slaveowners’ desire to increase their labor force, and in this brief essay, Gutman tries to address the pressures placed on slaves to become sexually active.
		His investigation of marital and sexual norms in slave culture acknowledged the presence of a sexual code that functioned in defiance of white oppressive beliefs, a critical acknowledgement to which current researchers are still indebted.
	www.brandeis.edu /projects/fse/slavery/slav-us/slav-us-lit/slav-us-lit-gutman.html (557 words)

	sexualnormal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		and is not appropriate sexual behavior or activity.
		She believes that "normative" sexuality (what I like to call sexual normalcy) is rooted in ideals that reinforce male dominance over women.
		As a result, although the media may contribute to the constraints of sexual normalcy for people of all sexual orientations, the media can be used strategically to challenge people's tradtional way of thinking about sexuality.
	www.psu.edu /courses/wmnst/wmnst001_atd1/Sexuality/sexualnormal.htm (307 words)

	The Body: Long-Term Influence of Sexual Norms and Attitudes on the Onset of Sexual Intercourse Among Urban Minority ...
		Long-Term Influence of Sexual Norms and Attitudes on the Onset of Sexual Intercourse Among Urban Minority Youth
		In this study, researchers used results from questions about sexual norms and attitudes recorded at baseline and in the spring of seventh grade to see if the participants’ responses impacted the onset of sexual activity.
		The researchers suggest that schools and intervention programs address peer attitudes, expectancies, and norms about sex and sexuality before age 13 to delay the onset of sexual intercourse.
	www.thebody.com /siecus/sexual_norms.html (1074 words)

	Signs of the Times by From CNS, staff and other sources, America: The Catholic Weekly Magazine
		At a press conference in March, he said the sexual abuse problem had developed in a culture of “pan-sexuality and sexual licentiousness.” He implied that it was confined largely to English-speaking countries, that money was a factor in the cases coming to light, and that priests were being unfairly singled out.
		The norms and charter outlining strict procedures and penalties for clerical sexual abusers were adopted by the U.S. bishops in June.
		After the sexual abuse scandal mushroomed in the United States, the bishops came up with their own new policy, which adopted some stricter penalties but without the emphasis on the church-run trials foreseen by the Vatican.
	www.americamagazine.org /gettext.cfm?articleTypeID=29&textID=2577&issueID=410 (1573 words)

	Meme - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Most organisms pass their genes on to their offspring sexually, but with every generation the genetic contribution of a given ancestor halves - so that a person only has 1/4 of his/her grandfather's genes, for example.
		Some observers have suggested that evangelical religions and cults behave this way; so by including the act of passing on their beliefs as a moral virtue, other beliefs of the religion also get passed along even if they do not provide particular benefits to the believer.
		Since one cannot easily determine the "ecological, sexual, ethical or moral value" of a meme outside of the context of the memes of the determiner, memeticists can easily misuse the idea of "meme" or of a "meme virus" to reject others' positions in a pseudo-scientific way.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Meme (6990 words)

	JHR Abstract: Social Norms and Sexual Activity in U.S. High Schools, 39(4):912-937 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The results suggest that there is considerable diversity in social norm equilibria, with some schools enforcing norms against sexual activity and others not doing so.
		The rate of sexual activity is about 5 percent lower in schools with norm-enforcing equilibria, suggesting that social norm effects are neither trivial nor decisive.
		Still, the most consistently significant factor affecting teen sexual activity is not the social environment or the school, but rather the family.
	www.ssc.wisc.edu /jhr/2004ab/castronova4.htm (288 words)

	Global Health Council - Challenging Cambodian Sexual Norms
		Any young woman perceived to be breaking the country's conservative sexual and social norms is also a target, and even less likely than the CSWs to speak out, or fight against the practice.
		Then, although she is not a sex worker, her options become increasingly limited, and she will be more easily lured into indirect sexual services with young men that offer her trinkets.
		In an effort to make learning about sexual and reproductive health fun, the project has set up youth libraries in the garment factories and, three times a month, factory workers are encouraged to participate in structured games about reproductive health and HIV/AIDS, which offer prizes such as soap, toothbrushes and condoms.
	www.globalhealth.org /reports/report.php3?id=154 (1378 words)

	Revisions leave US bishops' sexual abuse norms, charter intact
		Contrary to widely reported speculation that the revisions would soften or weaken the bishops' actions, the revised version at several points strengthens the hand of a bishop dealing with alleged sexual abuse by one of his priests or deacons.
		Especially important in light of controversies earlier this year over the applicability of the charter to ordained men in religious orders is a new footnote in the revised document.
		The US bishops, who approved an earlier version of the norms in June, are to debate and vote on the revised version when they meet in Washington next week.
	www.cathnews.com /news/211/25.php (938 words)

	Early Sexual Initiation: The Role of Peer Norms -- Kinsman et al. 102 (5): 1185 -- Pediatrics
		Three predictive models are presented to describe the relationship between peer norms and the process of sexual initiation.
		Perceptions of peer sexual norms differed for students in the never and initiated groups.
		Andersson-Ellstrom A, Forssman L, Milsom I Age of sexual debut related to life-style and reproductive health factors in a group of Swedish teenage girls.
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/102/5/1185 (5594 words)

	Bishop O'Brien Speaks on New Norms of Sexual Abuse Charter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		“I voted for the new norms because I believe they clarify several areas that were murky and confusing in the Dallas charter.
		The new norms do not mention the words ‘zero tolerance,’ because it is not an expression used in our canonical language.
		They nonetheless have the same effect: a priest who is ever accused or admits or is proven to have committed a sexual abuse cannot continue in ministry.
	www.diocesephoenix.org /pressRoom/2002/nov13.htm (396 words)

	Young people's sexual health (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This document outlines the proceedings from a joint seminar on young people’s sexual health held in June 2003.
		Firstly, the conflict between young people’s behaviour and the values of older generations means explicit sexual health interventions are rarely acceptable.
		Consequently, sexual health promotion should not undermine a country’s own readiness to take the initiative.
	www.eldis.org /static/DOC15822.htm (182 words)

	Family Planning Perspectives: Understanding what works and what doesn't in reducing adolescent risk-taking
		Given high rates of unprotected sex, unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease (STD) infection among U.S. adolescents, for at least two decades people concerned about youth have developed a wide variety of programs to reduce adolescent sexual risktaking.
		The seemingly diverse risk and protective factors associated with sexual risktaking, and the four apparently diverse groups of effective programs, raise several questions: Are there common constructs among the many risk and protective factors that may help explain their impact upon sexual behavior?
		Moreover, social development theory2 and other theories explicitly recognize the interaction between connectedness to a group and the impact of that group's norms.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3634/is_200111/ai_n8955838 (1325 words)

	Analysis of New 'Norms for Sexual Abuse' Policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		At their June plenary meeting in Dallas, the U.S. bishops overwhelmingly adopted the "Charter for the Protection of Children and Young People," a document outlining policies to be followed by every U.S. Catholic diocese in cases of sexual abuse of a minor by a priest, deacon or other church personnel.
		At the same time, norms were approved and submitted to the Vatican by U.S. bishops that would incorporate the policies in the charter into church law.
		After reviewing the charter and the norms, the Vatican has asked that a mixed commission of four U.S. bishops and four representatives of Vatican congregations meet to try to resolve provisions that might be in conflict with universal church law.
	www.archatl.com /gabulletin/2002/021024b.html (487 words)

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