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Topic: Sexual objectification

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	A test of Objectification Theory in adolescent girls - Brief Report \| Sex Roles: A Journal of Research \| Find Articles ...
		Objectification Theory, recently proposed by Fredrickson and Roberts (1997), attempts to understand the consequences of being female in a society that sexually objectifies the female body.
		Sexual objectification occurs when a woman's body is treated as an object (especially as an object that exists for the pleasure and use of others), and is illustrated interpersonally through gaze or "checking out," and in the representation of women in the media.
		Of central importance to Objectification Theory, however, is the proposal that the pervasiveness of sexual objectification in our society influences girls and women to internalise the views present in society and to begin viewing themselves in the same way.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2294/is_2002_May/ai_94407544 (963 words)

	Sexual objectification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sexual objectification is objectification of a sexual partner, that is, seeing them as a sexual object, and their sexual attributes, without recognition of their existence as a living person with emotions and feelings of their own.
		In some circumstances, sexual objectification is also the fetishistic act of regarding a person as an object for erotic purposes.
		As with most sexual activities, it is generally viewed as abusive if it is not part of a consensual arrangement, such as in BDSM play.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sexual_objectification (767 words)

	Fetch me my axe: Objectification, continued
		Sexual objectification is objectification of a sexual partner, that is, seeing them as a sexual object, and their sexual attributes, without due recognition or respect for their existence as a living person with emotions and feelings of their own.
		Thus, sexual objectification is exemplified in patriarchy by men looking at women and considering whether or not they would like to have sex with them, and whether the object of their desires would allow them to realize that sexual end.
		The former is sexual objectification, the latter is not because it necessarily posits that the woman has sexual ends of her own and that she would be doing something with you, rather than positing that she can only decide what she allows you to do to her for your own purposes.
	fetchmemyaxe.blogspot.com /2006/06/objectification-continued.html (1932 words)

	A test of Objectification Theory in adolescent girls - Brief Report Sex Roles: A Journal of Research - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Objectification Theory, recently proposed by Fredrickson and Roberts (1997), attempts to understand the consequences of being female in a society that sexually objectifies the female body.
		Sexual objectification occurs when a woman's body is treated as an object (especially as an object that exists for the pleasure and use of others), and is illustrated interpersonally through gaze or "checking out," and in the representation of women in the media.
		Of central importance to Objectification Theory, however, is the proposal that the pervasiveness of sexual objectification in our society influences girls and women to internalise the views present in society and to begin viewing themselves in the same way.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2294/is_2002_May/ai_94407544 (899 words)

	Comes Naturally #05 (March 5, 1993): On Sexual Objectification
		Sexual objectification of women meant reducing women to sexual non-beings, to receptacles for male sexuality, body parts, or fluids.
		The result is that men like Layne, in the process of defending their right to their desire, and to including women's bodies as enjoyable aspects of that desire, dismiss the issue of sexual objectification as a silly, or boring, pre-occupation of a bunch of up-tight asexual political authoritarians.
		Yes, Madonna is being revolutionary by operating in the arena of male-directed sexual desirability on her own terms, but at the same time she confirms the traditional notion that women must exploit (and manipulate) their sexual desirability to get what they want from men.
	www.sexuality.org /authors/steinberg/cn05.html (2158 words)

	Exposure to sexually objectifying media and body self-perceptions among college women: an examination of the selective ...
		Objectification theory (Fredrickson and Roberts, 1997) posits that sexual objectification of the female body in Western culture produces a multitude of negative consequences for women.
		Media accomplish sexual objectification of bodies via (a) the visual presentation of bodies (e.g., Rudman and Hagiwara, 1992; Sommers-Flanagan, Sommers-Flanagan, and Davis, 1993), and (b) thematic content that emphasizes the importance of bodies and appearance (Fredrickson and Roberts, 1997).
		Convincing evidence of thematic sexual objectification comes from Ward (1995), who found that the second-most common sexual theme in a sample of popular television programs among adolescents is that women are judged based on their physical appearance.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2294/is_55/ai_n19328345 (891 words)

	PSU'S Media Lab Objectification Study
		The present investigation examines the relationship between exposure to sexually suggestive mainstream magazine advertisements and the objectification of the gender of the model.
		A summary of research evidence suggests that sexually explicit materials are seen as objectifying and dehumanizing women, portraying women as pandering to men's sexual desires, and encouraging sexual and social suppression of and violence toward women.
		The dependent variable of objectification was divided into three factors labeled 'Sexual Objectification,' 'Mediated Objectification,' and 'Promiscuity.' Even though the same questinnaire was employed, it was seen that only 'Mediated Objectification' comprised the same measures as in Study 1.
	www.psu.edu /dept/medialab/research/objectification.html (828 words)

	Sexual Objectification In Marriage - phatmass phorum
		Sexual objectification is always bad because it takes the dignity of that human person, whether it is a man or woman, and make it into an object or something subhuman.
		Physical sexual attraction or pleasure does not neccesarily equal "objectification" nor "lust" in the sinful sense (though the word "lust" is often used this way in contemporary language).
		Sexual objectification is when one person treats another person as merely a means to a sexual end, generally sexual gratification, although Karol Wojtyla makes the case that procreation can also be the end of sexual objectification, with one person using another sexually just to have kids.
	www.phatmass.com /phorum/index.php?showtopic=78083 (1657 words)

	Generosity
		Such groups, she argues, in thinking that sexual liberation can be achieved for women by appropriating rather than opposing the ''visual violation'' of women, fail to recognize that ''misogyny is sexual and that sexuality, socially organized, is deeply misogynist'' (13).
		Second, sexuality is an ontological rather than a biological question in the sense that sexual desire does not arise in a single body that seeks the satisfaction of pleasure for its own sake (384) but by virtue of being a body for others.
		Beauvoir's second important qualification about the social objectification of women is the suggestion that ''the very difficulty of [the woman's] position protects her from the traps into which the male readily falls; he is an easy dupe of the deceptive privileges accorded him by his aggressive role'' (423).
	www.msu.edu /~hypatia/generosity.htm (9310 words)

	Objectification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Objectification refers to behavior in which one person treats another person as an object and not as a fellow human being with feelings and consciousness of his or her own.
		The term is used, for instance, in reference to the mass media purported portrayal of women as sex objects.
		Self-objectification refers to a person's objectification of themselves.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Objectification (109 words)

	Not Like Most: Essay - Let's Hear It For Sexual Objectification!
		In the most Satanic of terms, where you stand on whether or not sexual objectification is a productive and beneficial thing depends a great deal on whether you are a Have or a Have-not.
		Sexual objectification is rooted deep into our very urges; particularly, the ones that are stimulated by seeing something or someone attractive.
		To say sexual objectification is "wrong" is to say that the act of being attracted physically to another person is also "wrong." It is both hypocritical and projecting, not to mention silly.
	www.purgingtalon.com /nlm/sexobject.htm (918 words)

	Sexual Objectification and Visual Aspects of Sexuality pt 2
		Sexual feelings do not come with a guarantee of emotional safety; as the author of the poem ("You ask me why I say stop") attests, there is far more at stake here than the mere risk of being turned down.
		Sexual desire, after all, is an experience that has observable, measurable physiological characteristics: pulse rate, engorgement of erectile tissues, pelvic congestion, respiration rate, and so on.
		But by freezing this difference and objectification and the emotions of lust into gender-specific patterns, the essential underlying mutuality of sexuality is denied and the ugly characteristics of subject-object binary oppositional thinking become woven into the construct called masculinity.
	home.earthlink.net /~ahunter/VisAspectSex/lusting_2.html (4213 words)

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	hometown.aol.com /GaySchroeder58/sexual-offenders-registry-kentucky.html (1441 words)

	Erotic Humiliation and Objectification
		I mean humiliation and objectification in the sense of being used without regard to you as a person, whether that involves being used as an object of furniture, or as a glory hole, or as a labor mule..., or what-have-you.
		Objectification is a great way to humiliate, but if your sexuality hinges on personal intimacy, and the symbolism of personal intimacy, then it works counter to what you need.
		Objectification is not something i have experienced, and quite frankly it is not an experience i look forward to having.
	www.collarchat.com /m_194217/mpage_1/key_pet,play/tm.htm (3064 words)

	What is the meaning of life?
		Sexual selection is perhaps the most important and distinctive form of social intelligence.
		On the whole, learned objectification clearly 'works', in the sense that societies which treat significant aspects of natural world as objects include all the most powerful societies, the ones that have the greatest productive capacities, and the greatest ability to understand and manipulate.
		All this objectification must be learned, and is probably one fundamental reason for the incremental extension of the educational process in developed countries - continual economic growth depends upon ever increasing success in overwriting animism.
	www.hedweb.com /bgcharlton/meaning-of-life.html (4187 words)

	International Vegetarian Union - The Sexual Politics of Meat (book review)
		Her analyses are strongest, though, when she focuses on the sexual politics of meat, and when she does so analytically rather than historically.
		Adams claims, I think correctly, that "sexual violence and meat eating, which appear to be discrete forms of violence, find a point of intersection in the absent referent" (p.
		Objectification, dismemberment, and consumption are the infrastructure of violence.
	www.ivu.org /books/reviews/sexual-politics-of-meat.html (1682 words)

	Sexual Objectification and Visual Aspects of Sexuality, part 1
		Andrea Dworkin speaks out against pornography and points angrily at the images of women and describes these as further examples of men possessing women even as thousands of miles away women fight for the right to go unveiled in public and feminist photographers are denied the right to photograph the sheik's fourteen year old daughter.
		Every once in a while she does sit and think about the role played by sexy appearance in sexuality because she was never entirely comfortable with growing up to dress and act the very way she swore she never would when she was younger.
		And against the larger background of those indictments of invasive male sexuality was the matter of the male gaze, and the associated idea that it is impersonal and objectifying.
	home.earthlink.net /~ahunter/VisAspectSex/lusting_1.html (3241 words)

	Sexual Objectification in Xena: Warrior Princess or Where Are the Three Naked, Dancing Autolyci?
		Throughout the show's nearly four and a half year run (at the time of this writing) the portrayal of these women as sexual objects to be admired has remained a constant, although for the most part this depiction has taken a backseat to plot and character development.
		Objectification of individuals can have both a light side and a dark side, so to speak.
		Objectification of an individual means that we are no longer dealing with a human being, hence the rules and mores of humanity have only limited application to the object.
	www.whoosh.org /issue44/gordon4.html (2620 words)

	News Bureau - University of Missouri-Columbia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A panel of impartial judges rated each television show and magazine according to how sexually objectifying they perceived them, and researchers computed the degree to which the participants were exposed to sexually objectifying material.
		One year later, Aubrey surveyed the group again and found that exposure to sexually objectifying television in the first year predicted an increase in self-objectification during the second year for both men and women and body surveillance for men only.
		Sexual objectification is the tendency to define the self by how the body appears to others instead of what the body can do or how it feels, Aubrey said.
	munews.missouri.edu /NewsBureauSingleNews.cfm?newsid=9542 (406 words)

	Rosalind Gill - From sexual objectification to sexual subjectification: The resexualisation of women’s bodies in the ...
		We are witnessing, I want to argue, a shift from sexual objectification to sexual subjectification in constructions of femininity in the media and popular culture.
		I would argue that it represents a higher or deeper form of exploitation than objectification — one in which the objectifying male gaze is internalized to form a new disciplinary regime.
		In this way, sexual objectification can be presented not as something done to women by some men, but as the freely chosen wish of active, confident, assertive female subjects.
	www.re-public.gr /en/?p=163 (1783 words)

	Deconstructing "Objectification" - Adam Kotsko (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The only way to avoid objectification is to think of oneself as a purely sexual object in the eyes of men and to hide that fact.
		These feminists need to consider whether women can also be sexual subjects -- that is, whether they can use their beauty to attract men to themselves in the same way that men seek to attract women to themselves.
		To do this, they would need to exploit their sexual attractiveness, and so sexual subjectification might in the end look identical to sexual objectification.
	www.adamkotsko.com /object.htm (241 words)

	LAP DANCING
		Objectification is recognised for what it is: the dehumanising of a subordinated group for the purpose of civil and sexual dominance.
		The sexual proletarian has to convince him that she is on his lap, of all the laps in the universe, because she wants to be.
		In order to advocate or consume lap-dancing a man must think he is a fascinating sexual figure; thus it is plausible for him to argue that he is fulfilling the woman's need to be naked and undulating for him.
	www.nostatusquo.com /ACLU/dworkin/lapdancing.html (2984 words)

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	hometown.aol.com /GaySchroeder58/sexual-orientation-counseling.html (1054 words)

	Sexual Astrology: Eros
		In fact, as sexuality is a powerful motivator and is part of our identities, we can safely say that all of our planets and points have something to do with our sexuality in some way.
		Sexual possessiveness is often an issue with these lovers, and, unlike Eros in Aries, competition is not a turn-on.
		Sexual exploration and freedom are important, as well as a need for sexual honesty—sex without the frills and trappings that these lovers may find to be unnatural and even dishonest.
	www.cafeastrology.com /sexualastrologyeros.html (2304 words)

	Martha Nussbaum: “Objectification”
		Kant: sexual desire is a “very powerful force that conduces to the thinglike treatment of persons” as “tools for the satisfaction of one’s own desires” [325].
		Objectification is part of sex because of the way we have been socialized by our society that is “suffused with hierarchy and domination”
		Important point: Molly’s social powerlessness make her objectification “retaliatory” and “that makes it seem right and just in a way that it might not be if it were Boylan thinking about Molly” (context again).
	spruce.flint.umich.edu /~simoncu/167/nussbaum.htm (1577 words)

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