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	[No title]
		Rather, the military requires actual evidence of substance abuse or that the individual's status impairs his or her ability to function in the military.
		The Ninth Circuit has held that servicemembers' challenges to military regulations requiring discharge of homosexuals based on the individual's statement that he or she is a homosexual do not implicate First Amendment concerns; the servicemember is not being discharged for his or her speech, but rather for his or her status as a homosexual.
		For a declaration that defendants' action in separating plaintiff from military service based solely on her declaration of homosexual orientation was unconstitutional; f.
	www.politics.pomona.edu /lflynn/Politics3/cases/Cammermeyer.txt (10287 words)

	Selected Abstracts
		Sexual prejudice is a preferable term to homophobia because it conveys no assumptions about the motivations underlying negative attitudes, locates the study of attitudes concerning sexual orientation within the broader context of social psychological research on prejudice, and avoids value judgments about such attitudes.
		The protagonist’s sex and sexual orientation as well as the sex of her or his partner were experimentally manipulated.
		The data indicate that same-sex and heterosexual relationships do not differ in their essential psychosocial dimensions; that a parent's sexual orientation is unrelated to her or his ability to provide a healthy and nurturing family environment; and that marriage bestows substantial psychological, social, and health benefits.
	psychology.ucdavis.edu /rainbow/html/bibabs.html (10600 words)

	glbtq >> social sciences >> Military Culture: European
		Part of the difficulty in understanding the military's policies and attitudes toward gay and lesbian personnel in many of the eastern European countries involves a different sense of sexual identity and its place in society.
		Generally speaking, sexuality in these cultures is considered a much more private and personal aspect of one's identity than it is in the West.
		The United States military's relation to homosexuality is complex and contradictory, defining itself explicitly in opposition to homosexuality, but nevertheless facilitating the very behavior and identity it seeks to exclude.
	www.glbtq.com /social-sciences/military_culture_eur,3.html (984 words)

	Gay News From 365Gay.com
		The chapter, in Military Life: The Psychology of Serving in Peace and Combat, describes social and institutional changes needed to lift the ban on openly gay service members in the U.S. armed forces.
		The inclusion of the topic in a publication endorsed by major military scholars is seen as a reflection of a shifting landscape on the question of military service by gays.
		Described by scholars as a "path-breaking analysis" of the military experience and a "comprehensive review" of factors influencing military performance, the compilation addresses the emotional impact of combat, methods of coping with war, the role of spirituality in military life, issues affecting family life, cultural diversity within the armed forces, and more.
	www.365gay.com /Newscon06/01/011706military.htm (626 words)

	Out In Force
		They describe scientific research on the prevalence of homosexuality and various sexual practices in the general population and consider the extent to which homosexual status and conduct are not synonymous.
		He concludes that the courts generally defer to the military on a wide range of issues and therefore are reluctant to treat homosexuals as a protected class.
		Chapter 8, "Sexual Orientation and Military Cohesion: A Critical Review of the Evidence," is contributed by Robert MacCoun, Ph.D., associate professor of public policy at the Graduate School of Public Policy at the University of California, Berkeley.
	psychology.ucdavis.edu /rainbow/html/out_in_force.html (2236 words)

	Sexual orientation and military service - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The militaries of the world have a variety of responses to homosexual and bisexual orientations.
		However, during the 1970s several high-profile court challenges to the military's regulations on homosexuality occurred, with little success, and when such successes did occur it was when the plaintiff had been open about his homosexuality from the beginning or due to the existence of the "queen for a day" rule.
		The presence in the military environment of persons who engage in homosexual conduct or who, by their statements, demonstrate a propensity to engage in homosexual conduct, seriously impairs the accomplishment of the military mission.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_military_service (1582 words)

	Issues: Gays in the Military
		One's sexual orientation is no reflection of their courage.
		Not one of the people he interviewed believed that their nation's military performance suffered when the ban was lifted.
		Research shows, and even the military admits, that a sizable percentage of those kicked out of the armed forces for being homosexual are actually heterosexual.
	www.logcabin.org /lcrchicago/gays_military.html (1037 words)

	Attitudes of Military Personnel Toward Homosexuals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The primary purpose of the present study is to examine the attitudes of military personnel toward homosexuals and toward homosexuals serving in the military.
		The military requires their personnel to leave their homes for extended periods of time for both training and deployment, and considers the boundaries of their jobs to be 24 hours a day/7 days a week.
		Research with military officers is of critical importance since they are largely responsible for recommending changes and enforcing military policies in the services.
	instructional1.calstatela.edu /dweiss/Psy542/Attitudes.htm (5013 words)

	[No title]
		The Historical Context of Modern Military Policies toward Homosexuality Whereas homosexual and heterosexual behaviors are ubiquitous among human societies, modern notions of homosexuality and heterosexuality, and indeed the very concept of sexual orientation, have developed only since the latter part of the 19th century.
		The Newport investigation may have led the military to adopt its earliest unofficial rationale for excluding homosexuals, which primarily reflected an attempt to punish sexual activity between men rather than declarations of sexual orientation.
		Although infrequent, the record of sodomy cases between 1919 and 1932 suggests a belief by military leaders that homosexual behavior tended to destroy good morals and had a detrimental effect on the functioning of the unit (Haggerty).
	www.gaymilitary.ucsb.edu /Publications/2006-01_Military_Life.doc (1311 words)

	By Subject - Military & Naval Science - Electronic Texts & Documents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Their argument has also been undercut by empirical evidence from several nations that have lifted all restrictions on homosexual service, yet have suffered no decrease in cohesion or performance, despite the reticence of their respective militaries to lift the bans.
		The evidence clearly suggests that in these two foreign militaries and in a domestic police department, homosexual personnel were successfully integrated into either police or military service despite the existence of an active sodomy law when each respective ban was lifted
		Sexual orientation and military service prospects for organizational and individual change in the United States /
	www.lib.washington.edu /subject/MilNavSci/dr/eltxt.html (1486 words)

	Out in Force: Sexual Orientation and the Military Journal of Political and Military Sociology - Find Articles
		A number of leading experts and scholars on the sexual orientation in the military as an institution discuss the notions of incompatibility of sexuality with military service the contributors argue that homosexuality and gays do undermine order and discipline in the military.
		Part I - an orientation to the issue includes chapters on sexual orientation and proscribed sexual behaviors, sexual orientation and military personnel policy, and sexual orientation and the military: some legal considerations.
		Part III - issues of cohesion, privacy, and attitudes examines such issues as: sexual orientation and military cohesion: A critical review of the evidence, deconstruction of stereotypes, why tell of you're not asked, and sexual modesty gays, lesbians in the military.
	newssearch.looksmart.com /p/articles/mi_qa3719/is_200307/ai_n9266440 (418 words)

	CNN - Advocacy group says military rooting out gays - Feb. 26, 1997
		Moreover, women in the military -- heterosexual and lesbian -- are accused of being gay when they reject sexual advances or report sexual abuse, she said.
		Under the don't ask, don't tell policy, homosexuals may serve in the military as long as they keep their sexual orientation a secret.
		Commanders are barred from asking service members about their sexual orientation.
	www.cnn.com /US/9702/26/gays.military (471 words)

	RAND \| Monograph/Reports \| Sexual Orientation and U.S. Military Personnel Policy
		Based on the research findings, the study group found that the most promising policy option for achieving the President’s objectives focuses on conduct and considers sexual orientation, by itself, as not germane in determining who may serve in the Armed Forces.
		The report also notes that if sexual orientation is regarded as not germane in determining who may serve in the military, it is equally not relevant to decisions on assignment, pay, military sociality, and benefits.
		The manner in which such a policy change is implemented could have a decisive impact on the acceptance of the new policy by the military.
	www.rand.org /pubs/monograph_reports/MR323/index.html (651 words)

	Windy City Times
		A groundbreaking new chapter that reflects a shift in the military’s attitude towards openly gay servicemembers is to be included in a journal endorsed by major military scholars.
		The new chapter, “Sexual Orientation and Military Service: Prospects for Organizational and Individual Change in the United States,” will appear in Military Life: The Psychology of Serving in Peace and Combat.
		The chapter was written by Dr. Gregory M. Herek, professor of psychology at University of California, Davis and Dr. Aaron Belkin, director of the Center for the Studies of Sexual Minorities in the Military ( CSSMM ) at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
	www.windycitymediagroup.com /gay/lesbian/news/ARTICLE.php?AID=10736 (603 words)

	Center for the Study of Sexual Minorities in the Military \| UCSB
		A Modest Proposal: Privacy as a Flawed Rationale for the Exclusion of Gays and Lesbians from the U.S. Military by Aaron Belkin and Melissa Sheridan Embser-Herbert.
		U.S. Military Integration of Religious, Ethnic, and Racial Minorities in the Twentieth Century by Margot Canaday.
		Effects of the 1992 Lifting of Restrictions on Gay and Lesbian Service in the Canadian Forces: Appraising the Evidence by Aaron Belkin and Jason McNichol.
	www.gaymilitary.ucsb.edu /Publications/PublicationsHome.htm (540 words)

	Statement on Military Recruiting, Office of the Dean, Northwestern Law Leadership and Strategy, News & Events, School ...
		Nor have these military employers signed our non-discrimination statement, which forbids discriminatory employers from using campus facilities for recruiting purposes, because of their policies regarding sexual orientation that conflict with our policy.
		As you know, under the military's "Don't Ask, Don't Tell, Don't Pursue" policy, openly gay and lesbian applicants are ineligible for military service or JAG employment; and if their sexual orientation is found out during their term of service, they will be discharged.
		The military is the only employer recruiting on campus that has refused to sign the Law School's non-discrimination statement.
	www.law.northwestern.edu /difference/military.html (368 words)

	Military Life — www.greenwood.com
		These volumes are a must-read for those interested in psychological issues related to military performance, operational and family-related stress, military culture, and the role of the military family in our services' and indeed society's collective mental health.
		Issues affecting the performance and health of military personnel and their families are addressed comprehensively in a readable and informative way--a splendid contribution to the military psychology literature.
		It is comprehensive in its coverage of military psychology yet is highly readable and easily digestible; it provides sensible, practical lessons as well as providing provocative discussions of some of the most important aspects of serving in any military force today.
	www.greenwood.com /catalog/C8300.aspx (1163 words)

	Sexual Orientation: Science, Education, and Policy
		An updated and expanded discussion of research on sexual orientation and child molestation.
		Research findings shed light on the prevalence of sexual prejudice, its correlates, underlying motivations for sexual prejudice, and how personal contact with gay men and lesbians is related to heterosexuals' attitudes toward gay people.
		This section includes information about homosexuality and mental health, attempts to change sexual orientation, myths about child molestation, and a detailed critique of Paul Cameron's research.
	psychology.ucdavis.edu /rainbow/index.html (378 words)

	APA Policy Statement on Sexual Orientation and Military Service
		WHEREAS empirical evidence fails to show that sexual orientation is germane to any aspect of military effectiveness including unit cohesion, morale, recruitment and retention (Belkin, 2003; Belkin and Bateman, 2003; Herek, Jobe, and Carney, 1996; MacCoun, 1996; National Defense Research Institute, 1993); and
		WHEREAS comparative data from foreign militaries and domestic police and fire departments show that when lesbians, gay men and bisexuals are allowed to serve openly there is no evidence of disruption or loss of mission effectiveness (Belkin and McNichol, 2000-2001; Gade, Segal, and Johnson, 1996; Koegel, 1996); and
		WHEREAS the U.S. military is capable of integrating members of groups historically excluded from its ranks, as demonstrated by its success in reducing both racial and gender discrimination (Binkin and Bach, 1977; Binkin, Eitelberg, Schexnider, and Smith, 1982; Kauth and Landis, 1996; Landis, Hope, and Day, 1984; Thomas and Thomas, 1996);
	www.apa.org /pi/lgbc/policy/military.html (802 words)

	UCSDGuardian - Freedom to Serve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Congress and the military have been hiding under the cover of the ambiguous “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy since the Clinton administration enacted it in 1994, arguing the simple solution doesn’t cost that much to enforce.
		The military is notoriously conservative, and it’s not unreasonable to expect some resistance to sudden change, but the assumptions about how straight soldiers would react to openly gay comrades are just those: assumptions.
		Titled “Sexual Orientation and Military Service: Prospects for Organization and Individual Change in the United States,” the chapter details the history and social contexts of gays and lesbians in the military.
	www.ucsdguardian.org /cgi-bin/print?param=opinion_2006_03_13_01 (699 words)

	Online NewsHour Forum: Gays in the Military -- January 2000
		Even General Colin Powell, who opposes military service by known gay people, conceded in testimony before Congress in 1993 that gay people are good soldiers.
		The sole basis of opposition from General Powell and other military leaders is the presumption that straight people will feel uncomfortable around known gay people, a presumption for which there is no empirical support.
		During the Gulf War, the military issued a "stop-loss" order preventing discharges of gay service members until after the fighting was over.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/forum/january00/gays_military3.html (716 words)

	Military should turn blind eye to sexual orientation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Under this rule, homosexual men and lesbians who reveal their sexual orientation are kicked out of the military.
		Last week, an Army court recommended that he be kicked out of the service — albeit with an honorable discharge — for publicly admitting his homosexuality.
		The military should take a tough stance against the former and turn a blind eye to the latter.
	www.usatoday.com /news/opinion/columnists/wickham/wick147.htm (955 words)

	Sexual Orientation and Military Service
		The APA Board of Directors established the Task Force on Sexual Orientation and Military Service in October 2003, to consider issues of common concern between Division 19 and Division 44, including the APA ban on advertising by the U.S. Military in APA publications.
		A joint task force between the Society of Military Psychology, APA Division 19, and the Society for the Psychological Study of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Issues, APA Division 44, to develop a plan for the implementation of the APA Policy Statement on Sexual Orientation and Military Service.
		A national, non-profit legal services, watchdog and policy organization dedicated to ending discrimination against and harassment of military personnel affected by “Don't Ask, Don't Tell” and related forms of intolerance.
	www.apa.org /pi/lgbc/publications/militaryhomepage.html (288 words)

	Campus Recruitment -Military and Other- and Sexual Orientation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Current Department of Defense policy states that "homosexuality is incompatible with military service." Because of the policy, which has been unsuccessfully challenged in Court, homosexuals may not serve in the armed forces; nor will the armed forces recruit homosexuals.
		My report stated, in part, that the University policy permitting on-campus recruitment by military recruiters was not inconsistent with The Regents policy statement on sexual orientation.
		Beyond that, military recruiters are officials of the United States Government engaged in lawful pursuits as part of their official duty, and it would be inappropriate for the University to interfere with their recruitment activities.
	www.ucop.edu /ucophome/coordrev/policy/7-27-84.html (392 words)

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