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Topic: Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal

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	Ngawang Namgyal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His grandfather was driven out of Tibet by the rival Gelugpa sect under the control of the Dalai Lama, and chose to settle in the Paro valley in western Bhutan, the valley having a close association with his persecuted branch of Tibetan Buddhism, the Kagyupa.
		In 1634, in the Battle of Five Lamas Ngawang Namgyal prevailed over the Tibetan and Bhutanese forces allied against him and was the first to unite Bhutan into a single country.
		The Shabdrung also established the distinctive dual system of government by which control of the country was shared between a spiritual leader (the Je Khempo) and an administrative leader (the Desi Druk), a policy which exists in modified form to this day.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shabdrung_Ngawang_Namgyal (441 words)

	SHABDRUNG FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Shabdrung Ngawang_Namgyal initiated many important Bhutanese customs including the system_of_dual_government by which power was shared between an administrative leader, the Druk_Desi, and a religious leader, the Je_Khempo.
		In 1931 when the 6th Shabdrung, Jigme_Dorji, made an appeal to Mahatma_Gandhi to oust the monarchy, the Shabdrung was assassinated by royalist forces.
		Note: traditions states that Ngawang Namgyal was not in fact the first Shabdrung, that the lineage traces back farther in Tibetan history.
	velocipay.com /Shabdrung (490 words)

	Bumthang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It was built in 1646 by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, the first spiritual and temporal ruler of Bhutan; the Dzong continues its age-old function as the seat of the district administration, district court and the monastic body.
		When Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal was scouting for a place to build a dzong at this strategic place, he came across a boy building sand castles by the river.
		It was the second dzong built by Shabdrung, in 1637, on a strategic junction at the confluence of Pho Chhu and Mo Chhu rivers.
	www.nirvanaexpeditions.com /programs/discover.htm (3719 words)

	History of Bhutan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Shabdrung also established the dual system of government by which control of the country was shared between a spiritual leader (the Je Khempo) and an administrative leader (the Desi Druk), a polity which exists in modified form to this day.
		After the Shabdrung's death, infighting and civil war eroded the power of the shabdrung for the next 200 years until 1885, when the Penlop of Trongsa, Ugyen Wangchuck gained an upper hand over rival forces and sought to cultivated ties with the British in India.
		The issue came to a head in 1931 when the Shabdrung made an appeal to Mahatma Gandhi to terminate the Wangchuck dynasty, after which the Shabdrung was assassinated by pro-royalty agents.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Bhutan (1429 words)

	South Asian Media Net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Shabdrung Rimpoche, considered the Dalai Lama of Bhutan by his followers, was in his mid fifties.
		Shabdrung Namgyal, therefore, was a threat to the Druk regime as well.
		Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal established political and religious authority in Bhutan in 1619.
	www.southasianmedia.net /cnn.cfm?id=14315&category=Minorities&Country=BHUTAN (784 words)

	Kuensel-About Bhutan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Perhaps the most dynamic era in Bhutanese history came in the 17th century with the arrival, in 1616, of Ngawang Namgyal, the great leader of the Drukpa school of Mahayana Buddhism.
		The Shabdrung also left as his legacy the dual system of government - the temporal and theocratic - with Je Khenpo (chief abbot) as the religious head and the temporal leader known as the Desi.
		After the rule of 54 Desis and 60 Je Khenpos, the Trongsa Penlop, Jigmi Namgyal, emerged as a strong leader and was succeded, in 1881, by his dynamic son, Ugen Wangchuk.
	www.kuenselonline.com /aboutbhutan/shabdrung.html (381 words)

	Bhutan Experience Tour, Thimphu Sightseeing, Journey to Thimphu, Places to Visit Bhutan, Heritage Museum, Thimphu ...
		This is the oldest fortress in Bhutan, built in 1629 A.D. by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal.
		It was the capital of the country until 1955, partly as a result of the very fertile area it is situated in, producing a wide variety of fruits and vegetables unavailable elsewhere in the country.
		Ngawang Namgyal lies in state in the Marchen temple here and Punakha is still the winter residence of the Dratsheng (Central Monk Body).
	www.ecotrek.com.np /bhutan/experience_tour.htm (1988 words)

	Cine Treks Pvt. Ltd.
		Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, a Tibetan lama of the Drukpa School, arrived in Bhutan in 1616 CE.
		Shabdrung unified the country, and established himself as the country's supreme leader and vested civil power in a high officer known as the Druk Desi.
		Inherited from Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyel's administrative system of the 17th century.Bhutan is divided into 20 Dzongkhags (dzong districts or states, see map above), each with its own elected 3 year representative, a Dzongdag (district chief).
	www.cinetreks.com.np /bhutan/kingdom.php (1644 words)

	The Fifth Gyalwang Drukpa
		Pema Karpo's other reincarnation, Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal (1594-1651; Shabdrung in Tibetan means "at whose feet we submit"), was born into the royal Gya family.
		Following the prophecy of Pema Karpo, Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal left for western Bhutan, where the Drukpa Kargyud School had already been established, and founded the Cheri Monastery in 1619 in Thimphu valley.
		As the temporal and spiritual ruler of Bhutan, Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal unified Bhutan for the first time in its history.
	www.drukpa.org /eng/biographies/reincarnations/drukpa05.htm (351 words)

	United Nations Human Rights Website - Treaty Bodies Database - Document - Core Document - Bhutan
		However, it was not until the seventeenth century that the country was politically unified by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal (1594-1652 A.D.).
		In 1907, the theocracy established by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal ended when the Trongsa Penlop, Ugyen Wangchuck (1862-1926) was elected as the first king of Bhutan by popular consensus.
		The first set of codified laws was promulgated by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyel in 1652 A.D. Later, the thirteenth temporal ruler Deb Choegyal Sherub Wangchuck (1744-1764) formulated a complete set of laws.
	hri.ca /fortherecord2000/documentation/coredocs/hri-core-1-add105.htm (4836 words)

	Bhutan-Bhutan travel, Bhutan tours, Bhutan trekking, Bhutan Tour Operators, Bhutan Travel Agency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This ruin Dzong (Fortress) was built in 1646 by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal to commemorate his victory over the Tibetan invaders led by Mongolian warlord, Gushri Khan.
		Druk Choeding built in 1525 by Ngawang Chhogyel, one of the prince-abbots of Ralung in Tibet and an ancestor of the Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal.
		Khamsum Yuelley Namgyal, a three-storey chorten built by Her Majesty the Queen Ashi Tshering Yangdon in 1999 for the protection of the country, stands on a beautiful hillock called Ngezergang, and is about 6 miles from Punakha.
	www.bhutanadventure.com /destinations.htm (4642 words)

	Trekking/tour in tibet
		Druk Choeding : Built in 1525, this town temple was built by Ngawang Chhogyel, one of the prince-abbots of Ralung in Tibet and an ancestor of the Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal.
		Punakha Dzong : Built strategically at the Junction of Pho Chu and Mo Chu rivers in 1637 by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal to serve as the religious and administrative centre of the region.
		It was upgraded after the Shabdrung had firmly established his power in 1646.
	www.laliguras.com /b_interestplace.htm (2558 words)

	Bhutan - Sightseeing and Tours
		Built in 1646 by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, the first temporal ruler of Bhutan, it now houses the Paro monastic body and the office of the Dzongda (governor) and Thrimpon (Judge) of Paro district.
		Blessed with a temperate climate and drained by the Phochu (male) and Mochu (female) rivers, the fertile valley of Punakha served as the capital of Bhutan and even today, it is the winter seat of the Je Khenpo (Chief Abbot) and the Central Monk Body.
		In 1667, Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal built Punakha Dzong at the junction of Phochu and Mochu rivers to serve as both the religious and administrative center of Bhutan.
	www.sacredsummits.com /bhutan/sightseeing.htm (1141 words)

	Chhundu
		Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal had a vision of this temple, which eventually directed him to Bhutan (from Tibet).
		The ashes of the Shabdrung’ s father are held in a silver Chorten inside the goemba.
		This was the first dzong built by the Shabdrung and is the oldest dzong to have maintained it’s original structure.
	www.chhundu.com.bt /thimphu.php (1212 words)

	Encyclopedia: Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Tibetan Buddhism, (formerly also called Lamaism after their religious gurus known as lamas), is the body of religious Buddhist doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and the Himalayan region.
		In 1627, the first European visitors to Bhutan (the Portugese Jesuits Esteva Cacella and João Cabral) found the Shabdrung to be a compassionate and intelligent host, of high energy and fond of art and writing.
		Events Moses Amyrauts Traite de la predestination is published Curaçao captured by the Dutch Treaty of Polianovska First meeting of the Académie française The witchcraft affair at Loudun Jean Nicolet lands at Green Bay, Wisconsin Opening of Covent Garden Market in London English establish a settlement...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Shabdrung-Ngawang-Namgyal (672 words)

	Wangdue Phodrang - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is also the name of the dzong (built in 1638) which dominates the district, and the name of the small market town outside the gates of the dzong.
		The name is said to have been given by the Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal who was searching for the best location for a dzong to prevent incursions from the south.
		At the chosen spot the Shabdrung encountered a boy named Wangdi playing beside the river and hence named the dzong "Wangdi's Palace".
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wangduephodrang (241 words)

	7 NIGHTS
		Visit to Tashichho Dzong (Fortress of the Glorious Religion), built in 1641 by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal and reconstructed in 1961 by the Late King, His Majesty King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, who is regarded as Father of Modern Bhutan.
		Built by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal in 1637, this sacred Dzong has played a prominant part in the country's life in both civil and religious fields.
		Five miles from the capital visit the Simtokha Dzong, built by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal in 1627, this graceful building is the oldest of Bhutan's fortress - monasteries and was the country's first center of social and religious education.
	www.chhundu.com.bt /7_nights.htm (451 words)

	Info Bhutan
		Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, a Tibetan Lama of the Drukpa School designed the present system of intertwined religious and secular government.
		Punakha Dzong built between two rivers in the 17th century by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyel served as capital of Bhutan until 1955 and is still the winter residence of the central monk body.
		The dzong was initially built as a monastery in 1549 but was upgraded after the Shabdrung had firmly established his power in 1646.
	www.green-lotus-trekking.com /engels/bhutan/info-bhutan.html (3121 words)

	Drukpa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A prominent disciple of Tsanga Gyare was Phajo Drugom Shigpo (1208-1276) who went on to convert the valleys of western Bhutan to Drukpa Buddhism in 1222.
		In the 1600s Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, the founder of Bhutan, unified the country and established Drukpa as the preeminent Buddhist school from Haa all the way to Trongsa.
		Inside Bhutan the sect is led by the King of Bhutan and Je Khenpo (a title of office, not a tulku lineage), who is the chief abbot of the Central Monk Body, both are lineage holders of the Drukpa school.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Drukpa (280 words)

	Trip to Bhutan.com ::: Tour Guides (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This Dzong, with a delightful village nestling at its foot, was built in 1646 by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal to commemorate his victory over the Tibetan invaders.
		This monastery was built by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal in 1620.
		Built strategically at the junction of Pho Chhu and Mo Chhu rivers in 1637 by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal to serve as the religious and administrative centre of the region, Punakha Dzong has played an important role in Bhutan’s history.
	www.triptobhutan.com /tourist_destinations.htm (3888 words)

	Information on travelling to Bhutan
		Built in 1641 by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyel the political and religious unifier of Bhutan.
		Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal built this fortress in 17th century.
		The remains of the Shabdrung are entombed here in the Chapel of Machey Lhakhang.
	www.snowwhitetours.com.bt /punakha_trek.htm (712 words)

	Bhutan - Glimpse of Bhutan
		It includes: Visit to TashichhoDzong (Fortress of the Glorious Religion), built in 1641 by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal and reconstructed in 1961 by the Late King, His Majesty King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, who is regarded as Father of Modern Bhutan.
		It is said that Shabdrung ordered the architect, Zowe Palep, to sleep in front of the statue, while Palep was sleeping, the Shabdrung took him in his dreams to Zangtopelri and showed him the palace of Guru Rimpoche.
		The Dzong is situated at the confluence of Mo Chu and Tang Chu rivers.
	www.tashila.com /bhutan/glimpseofbhutan.htm (690 words)

	:: Bhutan DNC -Recent Updates ::
		After having unified Bhutan by 1637 A.D, the Shabdrung Rinpoche then established the Dual System of governance with the civil administration headed by the Deb Raja on one side and the clergy headed by the Je Khempo on other, while he himself reigned supreme as the spiritual and temporal head of the nation.
		After appointing the Deb Raja in 1651, the Shabdrung went into retreat with instruction to the Deb raja that he was not to be disturbed.
		After the first Shabdrung Rinpoche passed away, his reincarnate could not be located and it was only 70 years later in 1721 that the reincarnate of the Shabdrung was found.
	www.bhutandnc.com /history.htm (1131 words)

	BHUTAN TOUR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Built in 1647 by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal to commemorate his victory over the Tibetan invaders.
		Enroute visit the Simtokha Dzong, the oldest fortress of its king which once guarded the Thimpu valley built by Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyel in 16627.
		Then, the Tashichhodzong ("Fortress of the Glorious religion"), built in 1641 by Shadrung Ngawang Namgyel and reconstructed in 1961, using traditional methods, without the use of any nails or plans on paper, under the Late King Jigme Dorje Wangchuck, regarded as the Father of Modern Bhutan.
	www.elitenepal.com /bhutan/tour03.htm (529 words)

	Jachung Tours & Treks, Bhutan
		With the arrival of the Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal (the precious jewel at whose feet one submits) opened the most dynamic era in the history of Bhutan.
		The religious and secular powers were not clearly delineated until the 17 Century when the Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, the great leader of the Drukpa school of Mahayana Buddhism, established the dual system of government--the temporal and theocratic--with Je Khenpo (chief abbot) as the religious head and the temporal leader known as the Desi.
		The Shabdrung's dual system of government, which was ruled successfully by 54 Desis and 60 Je Khenpos, steered Bhutan from 1651 until the birth of the Wangchuck dynasty and establishment of the hereditary Monarchy in 1907.
	www.jachung-bhutan.com /bhutan/history.php (484 words)

	Bumthang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It was built by Lama Dawa Zangpo, one of the sons of Phajo Drugom Shigpo.
		Shabdrung took this as a good omen and built the dzong naming it Wangdue Phodrang.
		Scouting for a place for the dzong a small white bird was seen perched on a hill, which was taken as an auspicious sign, and hence the name Jakar, meaning white bird.
	www.nirvanaexpeditions.com /programs/shangrila.htm (3092 words)

	Etho Metho Tours and Treks
		In 1616 Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal visited Tango and meditated in a cave near the Goemba.
		This Goemba was built by Shabdrung Ngwang Ndamgyal in 1620.
		This site has been recognised as a most sacred place and visited by Shabdrung Ngwang Namgyal in 1646 and now visited by all Bhutanese atleast once in their lifetime.
	www.ethometho.com /visiting/excursions.htm (1319 words)

	gangri: history
		Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, a Tibetan lama of the Drukpa School, designed the present system of interwined religious and secular government.
		In his quest to unify the country, he gained the support of many powerful families who were followers of his school and constructed dzongs (fortress monasteries) in the main valleys of western Bhutan.
		Ngawang Namgyal fought and won a battle against the Tibetans in 1639 and assumed the title Shabdrung, meaning ‘at whose feet one submits’.
	www.gangri.com /pages/history.html (606 words)

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