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Topic: Shad

	AMERICAN SHAD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		American shad was introduced in the Pacific Northwest in the late 1800's, and in 1990 the population of shad entering the Columbia River was over 4 million fish.
		In freshwater the shad itself falls prey to white sturgeon, juvenile salmonids, harbor seals, and other predators, while in the ocean phase of life a shad is preyed upon by sharks, tuna, sea lions, and others.
		Shad are used as bait for other fisheries and it is considered a good fighting sportfish that is rich in flavor and is known for its excellent roe.
	www.psmfc.org /habitat/edu_shad_fact.html (521 words)

	Fish FAQ's - American shad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The American shad, a schooling and highly migratory species, is a silvery fish with a row of dark spots along its side and sharp saw-like scales or "scutes" along its belly.
		Shad are anadromous fish that spend the majority of their life at sea and only enter freshwater in the spring to spawn.
		The 2003 population estimate of American shad in the tailrace was 487,073and continued the trend of exponential increases.
	www.dnr.state.md.us /fisheries/education/am_shad/am_shad.shtml (1734 words)

	Shad
		The shad is a typical member of the herring tribe in all respects with soft-rayed dorsal and anal fins of moderate size, the former situated above the ventrals and well forward of the middle of the body.
		Shad are also known to feed as greedily on the pelagic euphausiid shrimps as herring do, on fish eggs, and even on bottom dwelling amphipods, showing that they forage near the ground at times.
		Consequently the shad run correspondingly later in the year passing from south to north along the coast, commencing in Georgia in January; in March in the waters tributary to Pamlico and Albemarle Sounds; in April in the Potomac; and in May and June in northern streams generally from the Delaware to Canada.
	www.gma.org /fogm/Alosa_sapidissima.htm (3045 words)

	The Herring of New York (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		American shad are sweet in taste and the eggs or roe are considered a spring delicacy.
		In the ocean, American shad are found along the eastern coast of North America, from Florida to as far north as the Gulf of St. Lawrence in northeastern Quebec.
		Shad up to 14 pounds have been taken by commercial fishermen in the Hudson, but anglers have yet to land one of this size.
	www.dec.state.ny.us /website/dfwmr/fish/fishspecs/herrtext.html (2740 words)

	Shad making happy return
		Shad are an anadramous fish; they spend much of their adult lives at sea, then return to freshwater rivers to spawn.
		Shad, like Atlantic salmon, stripers, alewives, and sturgeon, live much of their adult life at sea, but migrate to rivers like the Kennebec to spawn.
		She says that only one of every 400 shad is expected to survive, but that still means a respectable run for the river.
	outdoors.mainetoday.com /fishing/050716shad.shtml (1141 words)

	WDFW -- Shad Fishing in Washington
		Shad may have been caught as early as 1876, and U.S. Fish Commissioner records document that mature shad were taken from the Columbia in 1880.
		One recently-reported shad fishing concentration is at the mouth of the Lewis River.
		Before parboiling shad roe to prepare it for recipe use, prick the membrane containing the eggs with a needle to prevent the sac from bursting and splattering the tiny eggs.
	wdfw.wa.gov /outreach/fishing/shad/shad.htm (3758 words)

	American Shad Fact Sheet
		Shad are anadromous fish which spend the majority of their life at sea and only enter freshwater in the spring to spawn.
		Population estimates of American shad in 1997 were 708,628 in the upper Chesapeake Bay and 423,324 in the Conowingo Dam tailrace.
		By April 1980, American shad were so severely depleted that a statewide moratorium on their capture and sale in Maryland waters (excluding the Atlantic Ocean) was implemented to prevent extinction, and is still in effect today.
	www.dnr.state.md.us /fisheries/education/am_shad/american_shad.html (1750 words)

	Current Issues - Project 112 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		One aspect of Project 112 was known as Shipboard Hazard and Defense, or SHAD.
		SHAD was composed of test designed to identify U.S. warships’ vulnerabilities to attacks with chemical or biological warfare agents and to develop procedures to such attacks while maintaining a war-fighting capability.
		The classified information related to SHAD was not completely catalogued or located in one facility.
	deploymentlink.osd.mil /current_issues/shad/shad_intro.shtml (342 words)

	VDGIF > Fishing > American Shad Restoration
		American shad egg taking efforts in spring of 2004 marked the 10th season for such operations on the Pamunkey River and the 12th season overall since American shad restorations efforts began in 1992.
		The population of American shad returning to the James has increased dramatically, a large majority of the returning adults are from fry stockings, and we are now seeing adult fish that are the offspring of hatchery fish that returned and successfully spawned in the river.
		Shad spawn primarily from late evening until midnight, requiring most of the work to be done at night.
	www.dgif.state.va.us /fishing/shad/shad.html (1400 words)

	shad
		All shad move in the water column in the area between 1 foot from the bottom to 6 foot from the bottom.
		On Dec. 31, 2004 harvest of American shad in ocean waters was eliminated by the ASMFC (Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission). This should eliminate some of the fishing mortality in the open ocean and result in improved runs of shad in the Delaware River.
		ASMFC is currently conducting a coast-wide stock assessment for American shad. Results are due by February of 2007. This exercise may shed some light on the status of shad stocks in the Delaware River and elsewhere.
	www.woofish.com /shad.html (1299 words)

	"Iowa Fish & Fishing" - gizzard shad
		Shad are intermediate hosts for several species of the glochidiad stages of mussels and in that respect have economic importance in the perpetuation of freshwater mussels with commercial value.
		Some controversy surrounds this forage value, however, as shad quickly outgrow the vulnerable forage size and rapidly assume pest levels in some closed watersheds or when predator populations are insufficient to control their numbers.
		Massive die-offs of young and yearling shad are commonly reported after spring ice-out as a result of their susceptibility to fluctuating water temperatures.
	www.iowadnr.com /fish/iafish/gizzshad.html (590 words)

	NJDEP Division of Fish & Wildlife - American Shad
		The American shad is the largest member of the herring family and ranges on the Atlantic coast from Newfoundland to the St. John's River in Florida.
		Shad spend three to six years in the ocean and then return to freshwater in the spring to spawn.
		Known for their strength and fighting ability, shad are often the first fish species anglers pursue as the water warms in the spring.
	www.state.nj.us /dep/fgw/fish_shad.htm (421 words)

	Hickory_shad
		The hickory shad is distinguished from the American shad by a lower jaw that projects beyond the upper jaw.
		Hickory shad typically spawn during the night in shallow water with a rocky bottom when water temperatures are between 58 F and 62 F. Little is known about hickory shad during their life at sea.
		Shad darts are a favored lure when fished by casting upstream into the current and retrieving as it sinks and drifts downstream.
	www.ncwildlife.org /pg03_Fishing/profiles/pages/Hickory_shad.htm (654 words)

	SHAD HOTLINE
		Shad are mostly being caught above Port Jervis to Dingmans to Zane Grey and Lackawaxen.
		BEST BETS FOR SHAD FISHING: Studies have shown that a flow of 14,000cfs at Trenton is good for shad migration and a flow of greater than 30,000cfs will stop the shad migration.
		Shad fishing reports and other news can be phoned in to him at 215-674-1117 in the daytime or 215-570-3811 at night or email him at connerfish@aol.com.
	www.geocities.com /shadhotline (550 words)

	Shad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The shads or river herrings comprise the genus Alosa, fishes related to herring in the family Clupeidae.
		In southeastern United States roe shad (females) are prized because the eggs are considered a delicacy.
		Shad serve a peculiar symbolic role in Virginia state politics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shad (306 words)

	Shad
		American shad are the largest members of the true herring family and can grow to 30 inches in length and weigh over 9 pounds.
		Commonly known as 'the poor man's tarpon," shad are highly sought after as a sportfish because of their feisty nature and their ability to leap.
		The most popular time of year to go shad fishing is in the spring when these fish are returning to their coastal streams and rivers to spawn.
	www.maine.gov /dmr/recreational/fishes/shad.htm (287 words)

	Status of Fisheries Resources off Northeastern United States - American Shad
		American shad undergo extensive seasonal migrations, moving into rivers for spawning beginning in January in southern rivers, and continuing until July in the northernmost portion of their range.
		American shad have a range of life history patterns depending on their river of origin.
		However, the total range of extant American shad populations includes additional populations in small river systems and small populations in larger river systems that are actively being restored.
	www.nefsc.noaa.gov /sos/spsyn/af/shad (617 words)

	American Shad
		Rising spring temperatures prompt shad to leave the ocean and return to the waters in which they were born.
		Shad became one of the most commercially valuable fish in the District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Virginia.
		Shad restoration is underway in 15 river basins from Maine to Virginia.
	www.fws.gov /chesapeakebay/SHAD.HTM (1081 words)

	Flyfishing for Shad in North Carolina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		American White shad are normally in the mouths of North Carolina rivers by the full moon in March, and Hickory shad will normally be well up these rivers by that date.
		Adult shad are captured in the Nuse, Tar, and Meherrian Rivers and transported to the Watha Hatchery.
		When the shad are running there will almost always be a few spinfishing anglers fishing from the shore around this pipe.
	www.sefly.com /nc_shad.htm (1469 words)

	Chesapeake Bay Foundation - Save the Bay: Shad: The Forgotten Fishery
		One early account described the importance of shad throughout the watershed: "There were no dams barring access to the highest reaches of the rivers and no cities and factories to discharge pollution, so that the river herring and shad made their way far inland even to the Blue Ridge mountains.
		The decline of the shad fishery over many decades resulted in closure of shad fishery in Maryland in 1980 and closure in Virginia in 1990.
		Conserve remaining shad populations through the new coastal fishery management plan, which was developed under a federal law that will require all states within the shad's migratory range to comply.
	www.cbf.org /site/PageServer?pagename=resources_facts_shad (482 words)

	THE SHAD FOUNDATION'S SHAD JOURNAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Though hilsa shad is commonly available in the many southern districts of Bangladesh, most are netted at landing platforms within just two: the Barisal district located on the west bank of the Meghna River, and the Chandpur district, located on the Meghna's east bank.
		For two Seattleites travelling east to explore the roots of their large Pacific coast shad runs, it was an unequaled opportunity to see the fish through the eyes of one intimately familiar with the early boom-bust cycles of the Atlantic coast shad fisheries.
		Shad fishermen on the Delaware are at a disadvantage.
	www.cqs.washington.edu /~hinrich/shad/JOURNAL1/web.volume1.doc.html (8669 words)

	Shad Ireland
		The Shad Ireland Foundation allows dialysis patients who suffer from kidney failure the revolutionary opportunity to improve their quality of life and to pursue their life long goals by positively incorporating physical fitness and education into their daily lives.
		Shad heard about triathletes competing in the Hawaii Ironman when he was recovering from the rejection of a kidney transplant.
		Shad sums up his efforts by saying, “Realize that you are more than your diagnosis and your perception will begin to change.
	www.shadirelandfoundation.com /vision.html (409 words)

	The Shad Run
		Shad only eat zooplankton their entire lives and zooplankton eat photosynthetic organisms, so shad move to the most productive waters for feeding.
		The young shad recruits remain in the mouths of their rivers for some time, gathering strength and size.
		On the East Coast, the shad congregate in July and August in the Gulf of Maine and in the Bay of Fundy.
	www.tiffinohio.com /news/backroad/2003/06-21.html (932 words)

	Town of Grifton, NC
		The Grifton Shad Festival’s website was named “Best Website” for festivals and events with a budget of under $50,000 at a conference of North and South Carolina festivals and events held February 2005 in Greenville, South Carolina.
		The Shad Festival Parade Saturday morning means excitement and fun for all ages.
		The 2005 Shad Queen and her court of three Princesses are wearing “Eat Mo Shad” souvenir T-shirts.
	www.grifton.com /shadfest.html (494 words)

	Alosa sapidissima, American Shad at MarineBio.org
		American shad was introduced into the Sacramento and Columbia Rivers in the Pacific Northwest in the late 1800's, and in 1990 the population of shad entering the Columbia River was over 4 million fish.
		Shad stocks were in such poor condition that in 1980 Maryland imposed a moratorium on shad fishing except in Potomac River and coastal waters.
		The American shad is commercially caught in rivers and estuaries during spawning migration and sold fresh, salted, or smoked.
	marinebio.org /species.asp?id=443 (1300 words)

	USFWS MFRO American Shad
		American shad are widely distributed along the Atlantic Coast, spawning in rivers from Florida to the Canadian provinces.
		The current American Shad Tagging Program is a joint interstate effort where MFRO researchers team with the New York Department of Environmental Conservation (NYDEC) Hudson River Fisheries Unit and the New Jersey Bureau of Marine Fisheries to study shad movement and harvest patterns along the coast.
		Shad meat and roe have long been considered a springtime delicacy which supports both recreational and commercial fisheries.
	www.fws.gov /northeast/marylandfisheries/americanshad.htm (484 words)

	American Shad
		The American shad, the largest of the herrings, is the most abundant anadromous fish on the east coast of the United States.
		Historically, the American shad has been an important food fish earning the title of "poor man's salmon", while the eggs, or 'roe', are considered to be a delicacy.
		Currently, American shad migrate as far as Bellows Falls, VT (174 miles upriver), which is thought to be close to the historical upriver range of the population.
	www.bio.umass.edu /biology/conn.river/shad.html (1333 words)

	Shad Foundation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		While folks on the East Coast struggle to save their shad runs, spending hundreds of millions of dollars on restoration, shad remain depleted.
		Spurred on by our curiosity and discovery that there were 30+ recognized shad species world-wide, my colleague, Curt Ebbesmeyer, and I launched the Shad Foundation.
		conference on the status of shad worldwide was held in Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
	www.cqs.washington.edu /~hinrich/foundation.html (279 words)

	Threadfin Shad in Alabama
		DISTRIBUTION: Threadfin shad are abundant in the Tennessee River and in all rivers of the Mobile basin.
		Threadfin shad are sensitive to sudden changes in water temperature and oxygen content; for this reason, they frequently experience die-offs in late summer and winter.
		Note: In Alabama, it is illegal to stock or move a shad or any aquatic organism to a public water without a permit.
	www.outdooralabama.com /fishing/freshwater/fish/shad/threadfin (489 words)

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