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Topic: Shahmukhi

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	Lokpunjab Forum: Software to convert Gurmukhi to Shahmukhi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Punjabi University, Patiala, has developed a software enabling the conversion of the Gurmukhi script to the Shahmukhi script with just a click of the mouse.It will be gifted to eminent guests from West Punjab (Pakistan)at the World Punjabi Meet to be held in the university from October 11 to 13.
		In Pakistan, Punjabi is written in the Shahmukhi script, identical to the Urdu script, while in East Punjab(India) it is written in the Gurmukhi script.
		The next step will be to convert the Shahmukhi script back to Gurmukhi.The software, which will be released at the meet, can convert a medium-sized book into Shahmukhi text in just a few minutes.
	www.lokpunjab.org /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=51 (1212 words)

	Shahmukhi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Shahmukhi (شاہ مکھی) is a script used to record the Punjabi language.
		It is based on the Nasta'liq style of the Persian script and has traditionally been used by the Punjabi Muslims of India and Pakistan.
		The meaning of "Shahmukhi" is literally "from the King's mouth".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shahmukhi (111 words)

	Talk:Shahmukhi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		I thought shahmukhi's primary use was for Punjabi in Pakistan but I'm not expert.
		Shahmukhi is used specifically to write Punjabi, not Urdu.
		The only difference between Shahmukhi and the Nastaleeq script (used to write Urdu) is that Shahmukhi has a few additional characters for consonants only found in Punjabi.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Shahmukhi (95 words)

	Shahmukhi to Gurmukhi Transliteration Solution for Networking, India and Pakistan — Asia-Pacific Development ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The objective of this project is to develop a software package facilitating transliteration from Shahmukhi to Gurmukhi languages and enabling web-based networking between East and West Punjab.
		The project expands on a Gurmukhi to Shahmukhi Transliteration software developed by the Punjabi University at Patiala and aims to develop a complementary Shamukhi to Gurmukhi processor to facilitate use of these technologies on the web and enhance networking between India and Pakistan.
		The general beneficiaries of this project are the Punjabi community, and in particular media organizations, schools, colleges, literacy promotional organizations, writers and non-governmental organizations involved in dissemination activities.
	www.apdip.net /resources/case/rnd39/view (301 words)

	Edge Translation
		The script used for writing Punjabi in the Punjabi province of Pakistan is known as Shahmukhi.
		Shahmukhi is a local Variant of the Arabic Script.
		The Meaning of Shahmukhi is 'from the Kings Mouth'.
	www.edgetranslation.net /punjabi1.htm (272 words)

	The Hindu : Other States / Punjab News : Major breakthrough in Punjabi software
		While it is yet another step towards the elusive Unicode, the development is expected to make a major contribution in standardisation of publication techniques as well as provide easy answers to series of questions that had so far been answered either by intuition, guess or mind numbing research.
		The landmark achievement includes developing a word processor that is quite analogous to Microsoft's Word, efficient system to convert Gurmukhi script into Shahmukhi, special keyboard with unique as well as user-friendly features, first ever Optical Character Recognition (OCR) for Gurmukhi, font independent spell checker, English-Punjabi cross dictionaries and text analysis utility.
		The threat was grave due to differences in script as Punjabis in India, Pakistan and western countries used Gurmukhi, Shahmukhi and Roman, which are Devnagri, Persian and Roman derivatives, respectively.
	www.hindu.com /2004/09/07/stories/2004090708780500.htm (646 words)

	PCRC - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
		Shahmukhi is based on Arabic script (reading from right-to-left) and is the predominant script for writing Punjabi in western (Pakistan) Punjab.
		Users wishing to use Punjabi in Shahmukhi are advised to research Arabic (and Urdu) computing.
		Unicode is the international standard whose goal is to specify a code matching every character needed by every written human language to a single code point (integer).
	guca.sourceforge.net /faq (1462 words)

	Punjabi language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		There are several different scripts used for writing the Punjabi language, depending on the region and the dialect spoken, as well as the religion of the speaker.
		The script used for writing Punjabi in the Punjab province of Pakistan is known as Shahmukhi (from the mouth of the Kings) which is a modified version of Persian-Nasta'liq script.
		Gurmukhī and Shahmukhi scripts are the most commonly used for writing Punjabi and are considered the official scripts of the language.
	www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/Punjabi (909 words)

	Encyclopedia: Gakhars
		He certainly was not of Aryan birth." Sir Alexander Cunningham (23 January 1814â€“28 November 1893) was an English archaeologist and army engineer, known as the father of the Archaeological Survey of India.
		In more abstract uses, it may mean a subdivision, species, kind, and generally quality.
		The Indians and Muslims arrived in sight of each other on a plain on the confines of the province of Peshawar, where they remained encamped forty days without coming into action.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Gakhars (9130 words)

	Shahmukhi to Gurmukhi Transliteration
		Development of mapping tables and transliteration rules for transliteration of Shahmukhi to Gurmukhi.
		Design of modules for context analysis of Shahmukhi text including statistical and natural language processing.
		Development of one and half million word corpus.Development of module for statistical of Shahmukhi text including unigram, bigram and trigram analysis.
	www.advancedcentrepunjabi.org /s2g_final/ps.htm (340 words)

	Panjabi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		'Shahmukhi' is a slightly modified Persian script used for writing Panjabi primarily in the West Punjab.
		The term 'Shahmukhi' is relatively recent but the script itself is very old and pre-dates Gurmukhi by
		Shahmukhi is written from right-to-left like all other Arabic derrived scripts (Unlike Gurmukhi
	www.hometown.aol.com /mahapunjab/panjabi.html (580 words)

	UCLA Language Materials Project Language Profiles Page
		Within the Indian state of Punjab, Sikhs tend to use the Gurmukhi script (translated literally as âfrom the mouth of the gurusâ), while Hindus and those living in the states of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh use the Devanagari scripts.
		In Punjab, Pakistan, the script used to write Punjabi is called Shahmukhi (translated literally as âfrom the mouth of the kingsâ).
		In addition to the introduction of four additional letters, a number of different writing conventions have been employed, further differentiating the Shahmukhi script from standard Nastaâliq.
	www.lmp.ucla.edu /Profile.aspx?LangID=95&menu=004 (1559 words)

	Pbi varsity bags Gurmukhi transliteration project
		After developing a software to transliterate Punjabi literature from Gurmukhi script to Shahmukhi, the Advanced Centre for Technical Development of Punjabi Language, Literature and Culture, Punjabi University, Patiala, in partnership with University of Manchester, UK, has bagged an international research project titled ‘Shahmukhi to Gurmukhi Transliteration Solution for Networking’ in Thailand.
		The aim of the project is to facilitate electronic and written communication between people living in the Punjabs in India and Pakistan through development of the Shahmukhi (Urdu)-Gurmukhi transliteration tool, which would be made available on the Internet.
		Readers would be able to read Punjabi literature published in Gurmukhi or Shahmukhi scripts.
	www.anandpursahib.org /sikhnet/discussion.nsf/78f5a2ff8906d1788725657c00732d6c/ce0d07ce11f2c04f8725712a001d3a60!OpenDocument (213 words)

	Welcome to Offical Web site of Punjab, India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Even as the mother tongue of Dr Akhtar Hussain Akhtar, Editor of Punjabi monthly, Lehran, published in ‘Shahmukhi’ (Persian script to write Punjabi in Pakistan’s Punjab) and ‘Gurmukhi’; (script to write Punjabi in Indian Punjab), is Pushto, yet he preferred to do M.A in Punjabi from Panjab University, Lahore.
		Dr Akhtar, has endeavoured to teach Gurmukhi alphabet to the readers through his magazine so that the gap between Punjabi writers and readers of both the Punjabs could be bridged.
		Talking to The Tribune here, Dr Akhtar said initially most of Punjabis used to taunt him for his Pushto accent but he took up the challenge to complete his MA in Punjabi.
	punjabgovt.nic.in /TENDERS/News2005/news197.htm (443 words)

	WPC wants Gurumukhi taught at Punjab University - The Voice of Sikh Youth
		Dr Singh also said that the Indian chapter of the WPC had also presented a proposal to the Indian Punjab government to include Shahmukhi (Pakistani Punjabi) in schools in Indian Punjab.
		It said the teaching of both Gurumukhi and Shahmukhi scripts should be encouraged and theatre, film, music and dance artists should be encouraged to work together on projects.
		The fourth called for steps by universities and school boards in both Punjabs to include Shahmukhi and Gurumukhi scripts in their courses.
	www.sikhsangat.com /index.php?showtopic=4941 (409 words)

	UrbanPK.com
		Punjabi [also Shahmukhi, Gurmukhi in literature], one of the world’s biggest languages [10th at 104 million speakers], is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by almost half the people of Pakistan [44% + 11% Seraiki + 2.5% Hindko], making it the dominant language in the vast Pakistani landscape.
		Its speakers are spread in a large area from foothills of Karakorum to the borders of Sindh, and from the banks of Kabul [at Attock] to the banks of Yamuna [at Delhi].
		Modern Punjabi uses Shahmukhi [from the mouth of the Kings] script in the Pakistani Punjab, which is a modified Persian-Nasta’liq script.
	www.urbanpk.com /pages/content/discover/language.php (5772 words)

	Shahmukhi - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		It is based on the Nasta'liq style of the the Arabic script and has traditionally been used by the Punjabi Muslims of India and Pakistan.
		This page was last modified 15:17, 21 Jun 2005.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Shahmukhi contains research on
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Shahmukhi (107 words)

	DAWN - Features; 05 June, 2004
		"Gurmukhi is Greek to us," most of the Pakistani delegates were heard telling their hosts, who, on their part, had no idea as to how they should comprehend literature in Shahmukhi which was distributed during the conference by some of their guests.
		Shahmukhi is the script used on Pakistani side of the border.
		Baba Farid used it to write his verses which later became a part of Granth Sahib.
	www.dawn.com /2004/06/05/fea.htm (477 words)

	Abstract
		The Punjabi University at Patiala has also developed a Gurmukhi to Shahmukhi Transliteration software.
		This project will develop the complementary Shamukhi to Gurmukhi processor as well as facilitate use of these technologies on the web, thus enhancing networking between India and Pakistan.
		Shahmukhi Corpus for statistical analysis (such as frequency analysis, bigram and trigram analysis) to resolve the ambiguity regarding correct Gurmukhi word to be replaced, wherever there are more than one choices for a Shahmukhi word
	www.amic.org.sg /ict/external/awards/0502A8_L85abs.htm (237 words)

	Sangam: Gurmukhi to Shahmukhi(Urdu) transliteration software
		Use Sangam to type your Punjabi document in Gurmukhi script and convert and save it in Shahmukhi script.
		The text in Shahmukhi can be viewed both in Nask and Nastaliq fonts.
		Shahmukhi output displayed in both Urdu Nashk and Nastaleeq Font Styles.Option to save the Shahmukhi output in DOC, HTML, RTF, PDF file formats as well as in Unicode and Inpage compatible format.
	www.sikhnet.com /sikhnet/discussion.nsf/78f5a2ff8906d1788725657c00732d6c/15D05F9A747638848725719A0051B6FE!OpenDocument (305 words)

	Conflict between Shahmukhi and Gurmukhi persists : Our Website Correspondent- Onlypunjab.com Regional News
		They add that viable alternatives need to be worked out to ensure coexistence of the scripts, both of which are significant in the religious context.
		While Shahmukhi, the script in which Baba Farid wrote Sufiana verses that form part of Guru Granth Sahib, holds ground in West Punjab, Gurmukhi is the sacred script in East Punjab.
		The representation of Punjabis in Pakistan was minimal and Urdu received all the state patronage.
	www.onlypunjab.com /latest/fullstory-newsID-460.html (1090 words)

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