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	Essay on Shaker History -- Shaker Historic Trail -- National Register of Historic Places
		The Shaker belief in the equality of the sexes is symbolized by the special place their founder, Ann Lee, holds in the community.
		Shaker communities were agriculturally based, and consisted of several Shaker "families." The celibate Shaker "family" was not a family of blood relations; rather all referred to themselves as brothers and sisters of the Shaker community.
		The Shakers embraced new labor-saving technologies, and invented metal pen nibs, the flat broom, a prototype washing machine called a wash mill, the circular saw (invented by a woman, Tabitha Babbit), waterproof and wrinkle-free cloth, a metal chimney cap that blocked rain, and improved on the plow.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nr/travel/shaker/shakers.htm (2416 words)

	Shakers - LoveToKnow 1911
		She was frequently imprisoned for breaking the Sabbath by dancing and shouting, and for blasphemy; had many "miraculous" escapes from death; and once, according to her story, being examined by four clergymen of the Established Church, spoke to them for four hours in seventy-two tongues.
		The Shakers never forbade marriage, but refused to recognize it as a Christian institution since the second coming in the person of Mother Ann, and considered it less perfect than the celibate state.
		In Kentucky and Ohio Shakerism entered after the Kentucky revival of 1800-1801,3 and in1805-1807Shaker societies were founded at South Union, Logan county, and Pleasant Hill, Mercer county, Kentucky.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Shakers (978 words)

	The Shakers
		At the time when the Shakers were inspired to emigrate to that country, England, after the events of the 18th century, could indeed no longer be compared with the autocratic states of continental Europe.
		The essential difference in relation to other forms of communal life may perhaps be seen in the fact that the Shakers did not aim to change the nature of the existing society but merely built up their own community in accordance with rules they imposed on themselves.
		What is probably the most renowned Shaker product came from the joiners' workshops of the early colonial period: it was the slat-back chair, which was then gradually developed into the well known type with a worsted-lace web seat, as rocking-chair or ordinary chair.
	www.shakerworkshops.com /shakers.htm (3774 words)

	About the Shakers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Shakers, or United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing, are the most enduring and successful of the many communitarian societies established in America in the 18th and 19th centuries.
		Shakerism peaked in the decades before the Civil War, as America industrialized and the country expanded west.
		The Shakers, however, have left a strong legacy of accomplishments and an approach to life which is relevant to people of the 21st century.
	www.hancockshakervillage.org /old/shakers.html (495 words)

	Erowid Spirit Vaults : Religions - Shakers
		The Shakers were first known as Shaking Quakers then later simply Shakers because of the shaking dance which sometimes accompanied their worship.
		The Shaker movement in America was also characterized by public confession of sins, pacifism, belief in equality of all people, and daily living designed to bring about the Kingdom of Heaven on earth.
		Shaker style furniture is still made today and admired for its utility, beauty and simple lines.
	www.erowid.org /spirit/traditions/shaker/shaker.shtml (313 words)

	Digital History
		Shaker communities regarded their male and female members as equals; thus, both sexes served as elders and deacons.
		Shaker architecture and furniture are devoid of ornament—no curtains on windows, carpets on floors, or pictures on walls—but they are pure and elegant in form.
		The Shakers believed that religious fervor should be expressed through the head, heart, and mind, and their ritual religious practices included shaking, shouting, and dancing.
	www.digitalhistory.uh.edu /database/article_display.cfm?HHID=631 (676 words)

	Utopia 1j
		The Shaker movement in America was characterized by communal living, celibacy, public confession of sins, pacifism, belief in equality of all people, and daily living designed to bring about the Kingdom of Heaven on earth.
		Origin of the Shakers The founder of the Shakers, Ann Lee, was a flsmith's daughter and a mill hand in Manchester, England.
		It was soon replaced by a good-sized dwelling built in 1783; this was used until a larger one was built in 1816, when the original became the "second house" and was used as a kind of infirmary.
	dpcopy.tripod.com /1_utopia/utopia1j.html (2127 words)

	Shakers. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Mother Ann, as she was known, gained a number of converts, who after her death (1784) began the formation of Shaker communities.
		After 1860, Shakerism began to decline; by 2000 it was almost nonexistent, with a tiny community in New Gloucester, Maine, constituting the only active Shaker village in the country.
		Shaker furniture and handcrafts are noted for their fine design and crafting.
	www.bartleby.com /65/sh/Shakers.html (399 words)

	Religious Movements Homepage: Shakers; The United Society of Believers
		The Shakers are one of the few success stories resulting from the proliferation of communitarian and millenarian groups in eighteenth and nineteeenth century Europe and America.
		These beliefs were key to Shaker theology and lifestyle in the sense that they were seen as vital to the building of a truly selfless and spiritual community (Horgan 1982; Humez 1993; Robinson 1975).
		"The Shakers: The Adaption of Prophecy," in Timothy Miller, ed.
	religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu /nrms/Shakers.html (2349 words)

	The Shakers . About the Shakers \| PBS
		They said the Shakers always lived according to their profession, were honest and upright, but that they did not wish to live a celibate life any longer.
		Shakerism is a system which has a distinct genius, a strong organization, a perfect life of its own, through which it would appear to be helping to shape and guide, in no small measure, the spiritual career of the United States.
		The Shakers were suddenly appreciated as successful communitarians when Americans became interested in communities, as successful utopians when America hosted a hundred utopian experiments, as spiritualists when American parlors filled with mediums and with voices from other worlds.
	www.pbs.org /kenburns/shakers/shakers (1041 words)

	Shaker Workshops Museum Directory \| Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village Information
		Known as "Chosen Land" to the Shakers, it was established in 1794.
		The work progressed in the ensuing years under the direction of several Shakers, even though the integrity of the collection was often challenged.
		The Shaker Village is located on Route 26, approximately 8 miles north of Exit 11 of the Maine Turnpike in Gray, Maine, and 8 miles west of Exit 12 (Auburn).
	www.shakerworkshops.com /sdl.htm (691 words)

	Brüel & Kjær Sound & Vibration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Shakers come in a wide variety of sizes and many are specially designed for specific applications.
		Tira Shaker Systems are exclusive to Bruel and Kjaer for North America and are built with decades of Quality and Performance.
		These mid sized shakers are just right for mid sized components (up to 1800 lb force).
	www.bkhome.com /bk_template1.asp?spid=209&ctid=6 (258 words)

	SHS History Page
		The Shakers were an evangelistic religious group that fled to the American colonies in 1774 to escape persecution in England, and to establish a utopian society.
		The founder of the Shakers, Ann Lee, was a flsmith's daughter and a mill hand in Manchester, England.
		At Watervliet the building of both a new dwelling house and a new meeting house in 1790-91 was made necessary by the great "ingathering" or influx of new members that occurred from that time until 1850, causing the enlargement of established communities and the creation of new ones.
	www.crisny.org /not-for-profit/shakerwv/history.htm (1333 words)

	The Shakers . Timeline \| PBS
		Under their guidance the Shakers establish the communal patterns of life followed by Shaker communities.
		The Shakers are among the first in America to be granted the status of conscientious objectors.
		Shaker architecture, craftsmanship and ingenuity, continue to provide inspiration for designers into the 21st century.
	www.pbs.org /kenburns/shakers/timeline (850 words)

	Shakers - Hardy Instruments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		All three of the Hardy shakers are battery powered, portable, and have built-in reference accelerometer and indicator with calibration traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
		The shakers are designed to be used in the field or shop to verify the performance of vibration transducers, connectors, cabling, instruments or permanently installed machine vibration systems, or indicators.
		Simply attach the transducer to the shaker head (Displacement Probes require a mounting fixture and target, which are available from Hardy), set the shaker to a known vibration reference level, and verify readings.
	www.hardyinst.com /products/cinfo.php?id=57 (209 words)

	The New Yorker: The Critics: A Critic At Large
		Yet what the Shakers thought they were doing when they made their boxes and ladders and clocks, and why we think what they did was so lovely, remains something of a mystery, despite a booming market and the books to go with it.
		Shaker communities, though not specifically matriarchal in rule—there were plenty of male elders, too—were among the few American communities of nearly perfect sexual equality.
		Shaker objects are also unusually repetitive: Kirk calls these Shaker formats “tight grids,” and they infect everything the Shakers made, a last long lingering echo of Mother Ann’s hatred of the collapsed and squalid mess of the one-room home.
	www.newyorker.com /critics/atlarge/articles/060213crat_atlarge (3693 words)

	IHAS: Artist/Movement/Ideas
		The term Shakers, originally used as a pejorative for members of a dissenting Quaker church which called itself the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, referred to the sect's ecstatic form of worship.
		Shaker design, with its clean, economic lines, is the quintessential statement of the happy marriage of form and function--a tangible embodiment of the Shaker credo: "Beauty rests on utility."
		The Shakers flourished into 20th century when celibacy took its toll on the sect, and their numbers dwindled to near extinction.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/ihas/icon/shakers.html (538 words)

	Shakers — FactMonster.com
		Movers and Shakers - Susan Boudinot is remembered as one of the youngest protesters in colonial America.
		Shaker Heights, Ohio, Economic Statistics - Ohio Atlas Economic Statistics Shaker Heights, Ohio QuickFacts · Demographic ·...
		Shaker Heights, Ohio, Social Statistics - Ohio Atlas Social Statistics Shaker Heights, Ohio QuickFacts · Demographic · Economic...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/society/A0844661.html (392 words)

	Amazon.com: The Shakers: DVD: David McCullough (II),Ken Burns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Shakers were a religious movement that survived for decades, despite the fact that they were celibate.
		The Shakers were quite inventive; it is stated that a Shaker woman invented the circular saw.
		Even though the movement was a casualty of the changes in society, the Shakers did many very positive things and had a strong influence on the development of the country.
	www.amazon.com /Shakers-Ken-Burns/dp/B0002JP52C (1897 words)

	Shakers Restaurants in Lynchburg and Christiansburg, Virginia
		Shakers Restaurants are open daily for Lunch and Dinner.
		Shakers is ideal for the discriminating business traveler.
		Shakers Restaurants are first class facilities reflecting the pride of all involved, creating an atmosphere which is itself - exciting.
	www.shakers.com (229 words)

	Shakers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The name Shakers, and the variant, Shaking Quakers, originally pejorative, was applied as a mocking description of their rituals of trembling, shouting, dancing, shaking, singing, and glossolalia (speaking in strange and unknown languages).
		A shaker rocking chair, or rocker, an example of shaker furniture.
		Shakers are no longer allowed to adopt orphan children after new laws were passed in 1960 refusing religious groups to take control of adoption, but adults who wish to embrace Shaker life are welcome.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shaker (3374 words)

	Shaker Manuscripts On-Line - Prophecies, Revelations and World Outreach from the Early Shakers
		Shaker writings are being made available for public access...where these people, who saw themselves as instruments of God, can once again convey their messages and accomplish their outreach to those, who are hungry for answers...to those, who have "ears to hear".
		These modern Shakers seem to have aligned themselves with the World, on which they are now dependent for their support.
		The enormity of their present chore — to preserve the physical and historical remnants of Shakerism — is cheerfully and diligently accomplished and they are most kind and gracious to all visitors.
	www.passtheword.org /SHAKER-MANUSCRIPTS (1527 words)

	Infinite Spirits \| Shakers Vodka
		In its first year on the market, SHAKERS Original American Vodka launched the American Vodka Revolution, standing tall alongside the best tasting vodkas from around the world.
		The recipient of numerous awards and heralded by many of the spirits industry's most respected reviewers, SHAKERS is widely regarded as America's first truly ultra-premium vodka.
		SHAKERS Original American Vodka is the maiden product of Infinite Spirits.
	www.shakersvodka.com /main/shakers.html (174 words)

	Shakers, Wrist-Action Shakers, Orbital Shakers, Orbital/Reciprocating Shakers, Rocking Shakers, Vortex Shakers, ...
		Orbital Shakers Orbital Shakers and other Shakers products are now available to order from the Cole Parmer Instrument Catalog.
		Rocking Shakers Rocking Shakers and other Shakers products are now available to order from the Cole Parmer Instrument Catalog.
		Rotating Shakers Rotating Shakers and other Shakers products are now available to order from the Cole Parmer Instrument Catalog.
	www.coleparmer.com /catalog/Product_index.asp?cls=5363 (334 words)

	NYPL, Shakers and Shakerism Research Guide
		While the eclectic nature of Shaker theology has been the focus of scholarly attention, the distinctive craftsmanship and folk art of Shaker life--the results of an avowed commitment to a life of perfection--have attracted popular interest.
		A significant aspect of Shakerism is its founding by a woman, Mother Ann Lee, who was regarded by her followers as the second incarnation of Christ.
		Shakerism's unique role in American social and cultural history has manifested itself in a significant literature, by members and outsiders alike, much of which has been collected by the Research Libraries.
	www.nypl.org /research/chss/grd/resguides/shaker (218 words)

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