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	Pre-Classical Religion
		Noble families of the Shang dynasty sought to trace their ancestry to the founder-spirit of the Shang dynasty, who was worshipped as an all-powerful god.
		Shang Ti came to be regarded not simply as an ancestral spirit but as God who was concerned for the well-being of the Chinese race.
		In the eyes of the Chou it was because the Shang had failed to rule well that they lost the support of Shang Ti and so were destroyed by their successors.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/china/preclass.html (778 words)

	Encyclopedia: Shang Ti
		Shangdi was the supreme deity worshipped by the ancient Chinese, especially during the Shang and Zhou dynasties.
		Shang Dynasty (Chinese: å•†æœ) or Yin Dynasty Shang civilization.
		As time went on, the ruling class decided that the common people were not worthy to worship Shang Ti, and so their attention shifted to the lesser gods, and eventually to other religions and philosophies such as Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Shang-Ti (1333 words)

	Shang
		The Shang, rather than the Xia, is considered by most to be the first true dynasty of China.
		The Zhou, the dynasty that followed the Shang, are responsible for the recordings of the kings and capitals of the Shang Dynasty.
		The Shang worshipped the "Shang Ti." This god ruled as a supreme god over lesser gods, the sun, the moon, the wind, the rain, and other natural forces and places.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/china/ancient_china/shang.html (606 words)

	Shang & Chou Dynasties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Yang-shao and Lung-shan cultures laid the foundations for the first true Chinese civilization, the Shang dynasty, which controlled a loose confederation of settlement groups in the Honan region of North China from the 16th century BC to c.10 27 BC.
		Shang civilization was characterized by an advanced system of writing, a sophisticated bronze metallurgy, the first Chinese calendar, and cities.
		Sometime around 1027 BC the Shang was conquered by the Chou, a people living to the west in the region of modern Sian.
	www.bergen.org /AAST/Projects/ChinaHistory/SHANG.HTM (623 words)

	Ancient China: The Shang, 1766-1050 BC
		Ancient China: The Shang, 1766-1050 BC The Shang Dynasty, 1766-1050 BC In history according to the Chinese, the Shang dynasty began when T'ang, a man of great virtue and wisdom, overthrew the decadent emperor Chieh, the last of the Hsia dynasty.
		Like the previous dynasty, the Shang eventually declined and ended with the ignominious rule of the last Shang king, Chou; he was overthrown by King Wen and his son Wu who began the third dynasty of China, the Chou.
		The one disturbing fact of Shang sacrifice is that it certainly involved humans; slaves and prisoners of war were often sacrificed by the hundreds when a king died.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/ANCCHINA/SHANG.HTM (685 words)

	Shang Ti (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Shang Ti Shang Ti Shang Ti (上帝) or "Lord of Heaven" is the name of the supreme deity worshipped by the ancient Chinese, especially during the Shang and Zhoudynasties.
		As timewent on, the ruling class decided that the common people were not worthy to worship Shang Ti, and so their attention shifted tothe lesser gods, and eventually to other religions and philosophies such as Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism.Today, Shang Ti is generally almost forgotten.
		Shang Ti (上帝, pinyin Shàngdì) is the phrase used torefer to God in the southern edition of the Chinese (Mandarin) Union Version of the Christian Bible.
	www.therfcc.org /shang-ti-57075.html (206 words)

	Search Tuna Report for Shang Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Shang Dynasty Although pottery continued to be produced, as well as sculpture from jade, stone, wood, and bone, the most outstanding products of the Shang dynasty are the ritual bronze vessels....
		Shang culture is characterized by the evolution of large urban centers, a complex and highly organized society headed by a king and his family, and the development of a writing system....
		Shang Dynasty- Warring States Period Probably because of the emphasis on bronze during this period, the artistic advances in pottery are relatively stagnant, and most developments came in the shadow of bronze work....
	searchtuna.com /ftlive/1055.html (3950 words)

	Some Basic Concepts in Confucianism
		During the Shang Dynasty, ritual activities, while central, were approached and carried out more from the standpoint of popular superstition and "preventive medicine." Spirits both benevolent and malevolent, as well as ancestors, needed to be invoked and appeased constantly in order to ensure individual and societal well-being.
		Translated as "Lord on High," Shang Ti is an approximate synonym for the the word and/or concept of "God" as a singular providential entity.
		Shang Ti was worshipped during the Shang Dynasty as the protector and defender of the Shang people.
	staff.jccc.net /thoare/confu.htm (1560 words)

	The Chinese had settled in the Huang He, or Yellow River, valley of northern China by 3000 BC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Shang dynasty ruled the territory of the present-day north-central Chinese provinces of Henan (Ho-nan), Hubei (Hupeh), and Shandong (Shantung) and the northern part of Anhui (An-hui).
		The last Shang monarch, a cruel and debauched tyrant, was overthrown by a vigorous king of Chou, a state in the Wei River valley.
		Situated on the northwestern fringes of the Shang domain, the culture of Chou was a blend of the basic elements of Shang civilization and certain of the martial traditions characteristic of the non-Chinese peoples to the north and west.
	www.ecst.csuchico.edu /~jlefor/shang.html (367 words)

	SHANG DYNASTY
		One of the dynasties was the Shang dynasty.
		The Shang dynasty developed in the Yellow River Valley from 1700 B.C. to 1100 B.C. The Shang civilization was based on agriculture, hunting, and raising animals.
		Shang Ti was the main god and ruled over heaven and the other gods.
	members.tripod.com /%7Ejonbyrdjonbyrd/shang.html (610 words)

	Untitled Document
		The Shang kings prayed to their ancestral spirits to intercede on their behalf with the most powerful of the Shang gods, Shang-Ti, the main god, he was the Lord on High.
		Worship of the Shang ancestors, therefore, provided powerful psychological and ideological support for the political dominace of the Shang king.
		Reverence for the ancestors was the primary concern of the wealthiest class as well as the engine of the economy, securing blessings both spiritual and physical for the living.
	www.plu.edu /~madrigfa/Religion.html (427 words)

	THE SHÛ
		The period of the Kâu dynasty; of the Shang; of the Hsiâ; of Yâo and Shun.
		The 214 were reduced to eighty-five by Tâi Teh, a scholar of the time, and his eighty-five again to forty-six by a cousin, called Tâi Khang.
		Shang superseded the dynasty of Hsiâ, which had lasted for 439 years, from B.C. 2205 to 1767, and its rulers had been styled Wang, or kings, and Hâu, or sovereigns.
	fraktali.849pm.com /text/archive/cfu/sbe03/sbe03int.htm (5347 words)

	Shang Dynasty
		Of special interest- it was a common practice by the royal courts of the Shang Kings to seek the advice of the Oracle through the mystic ritual of writing on tortoises shells and then burning them for a “reading”.
		The Shang people had bronze weapons, bronze fittings for chariots and harnesses, bronze vessels connected with worship and ornate nephrite Jade for both life and burial ritual.
		I have studied and specialized in Shang Jade artifact for over 30-years and find that each jade artifact made by the hands of the Shang are masterpieces that the western world has seldom seen.
	www.thejadetrade.com /ian/p7.html (1016 words)

	Shang Dynasty
		The Shang Dynasty ruled the territory of the present-day north-central provinces of Henan, Hubei, and Shandong and the northern part of Anhui.
		Between this aristocratic class and the commoners was a literate priestly class that kept the records of government and was responsible for divination.
		Shang people worshiped their ancestors and a multitude of gods, the principal of whom was known as Shang Ti, the Lord on High.
	www.paulnoll.com /China/Dynasty/dynasty-Shang.html (375 words)

	Huang-ti: Extraterrestrial Emperor? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Shang kings desired to glimpse into the future, and their diviners inscribed the royal inquiries on a carefully scraped and polished tortoise shell or ox blade or leg bone.
		The Shang peoples were known for their use of jade, bronze, horse-drawn chariots, ancestor worship, and highly organized armies.
		In China, records of the Shang dynasty were written on animal bones and tortoise shells.
	www.parascope.com /articles/1297/huangti.htm (3693 words)

	Read about Shang Ti at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Shang Ti and learn about Shang Ti here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This implies that ShangDi is the oldest diety directly referenced in China by Chinese narrative literature.
		Shangdi was the supreme deity worshipped by the ancient Chinese, especially during the Shang and
		Shangdi (Shang Ti) is also used to refer to God in
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Shang_Di (401 words)

	SRE's Darker Half Written by Chris Trendle Edited and Paul Gerth Compiled by Robert Chapma
		"Shang Ti has a very good watchdog, I don't think they'd be in danger with him." An agent to spy on him, maybe to protect him.
		He knew that there was one spy from Shang Ti, sent either to keep an eye on him, protect him, or perhaps to kidnap him.
		Shang Ti wants you alive." The leather gloved hand eased its grip on his mouth and he gasped for air.
	www.skepticfiles.org /en002/sre-dark.htm (4972 words)

	Shang Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The religion in the time of the Shang dynasty was based on ancestor worship and a worship of many gods; the main god was known as Shang Ti, the Lord on High.
		The fall of the Shang dynasty was much like that of the Xia dynasty, the last king was a cruel tyrant.
		The Chou dynasty was part of the Shang kingdom; its civilization was a combination of the Shang culture and that of non-Chinese civilizations.
	library.thinkquest.org /12255/library/dynasty/shang.html (226 words)

	Hsuan tien Shang ti (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Although Chen-wu is the most common influential title bestowed on Hsuan-tien Shang-ti by outsiders of his sect, they are the most inaccurate by which they deny that he is the Northern Emperor, and could be taken with great disrespect by Hsuan-tien Shang-ti and Wu-Tang Taoists.
		She dreamed that Tai shang Lao Chun came to her one night in a Dragon carriage bearing a male baby from whom were emanating brilliant rays of the ten thousand colors.
		She asked Ta shang Lao Chun for a child; soon she found herself with child and eighteen months later gave birth to a son.
	blacklotussociety.websiteanimal.com /hsuantienshangti (555 words)

	[No title]
		Thus is Shang's Ti in Chou's T'ien; in fine, the Supreme Lord is in his Home.
		Shih Huang Ti did not intend to bring the wandering states into alignment with the universe by means of war and diplomacy simply to reform the feudal system; he aimed to revolutionize the country so that it would revolve peacefully around the Son of Heaven.
		No doubt after every argument is equally opposed and everything is boiled down to Nothing, some lawyer-sage contemplating anarchy and starvation might advocate the end of all arguments in the absolute law of the Son of Heaven enforced by reward and punishment.
	www.angelfire.com /journal2/dragonpearl/china5.html (1769 words)

	deathgod.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Ti had enormous powers, with the ability to send drought, flood, and a variety of other misfortunes, and his approval was necessary for any major undertaking.
		This seems to have settled the propaganda war with the Shang remnants, but as a rationale for rule it entailed two things which were potentially troublesome in the long run.
		Thus, at least for the upper levels of intellectual society, the personalized divinity of the Shang was partially alientated by the political demands of the early Chou, and destroyed by the political realities of the late Chou.
	s92518733.onlinehome.us /china/papers/deathgod.html (3346 words)

	Zhou Dynasty
		The Zhou fulfilled the mandate of Heaven by defeating the Shang in warfare.
		Some of the popular Shang gods became their gods and these lesser gods served as feudal lords to the Heaven-god.
		The Zhou allowed the Shang freedom of travel and many migrated to Zhou cities bringing with them their labor and skills.
	www.thejadetrade.com /ian/p8.html (1043 words)

	Shang Ti - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Shang Ti Shangdi or Shang Ti (Wade-Giles) (上帝;, pinyin Shàngdì), literally translated, "Lord Above" or "Sovreign Above", in Chinese culture, is the name used both in traditional Chinese religion as well as Christianity for a supreme deity.
		One of the five books in the Wu Jing is the 書經 Shu Jing (sometimes called 尚書 Shang Shu or the Book of History).
		Worship of Shang Ti included offering human sacrifices.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Shang_Ti (469 words)

	Shang History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Its supposedly cruel last ruler was overthrown by a virtuous man, who established the Shang dynasty, 1766-1122 BC or 1523-1027 BC, also centered in the North China plain.
		The Shang dynasty ruled the territory of the present-day north-central Chinese provinces of Henan (Honan), Hubei (Hupeh), and Shandong (Shantung) and the northern part of Anhui (An-hui).
		An authenticated period through archaeological discoveries, the Shang practiced agriculture, worshipped ancestors, developed early forms of Chinese written characters, invented the calendar, and shaped beautiful bronze vessels.
	www.csuchico.edu /~cheinz/syllabi/asst001/spring98/history.htm (259 words)

	TurkicWorld
		The earliest reference to Shang Ti, or indeed to any religion whatever, in the ancient history of China, is found in the words, "The yellow Emperor (2697-2598 B.C.) sacrificed to Shang Ti, gathered the whole populace together and diffused among them the principles of government and religion.
		The universal acceptance of Shang Ti is evidenced by its wide distribution throughout the many languages and dialects of China, as well as the languages of tribes within China's sphere of influence.
		Thus Shang Ti in Mandarin is Sheung Tai in Cantonese, Sing Di in Hainanese, Son Ti among the Hakka of Kwangtung Province, Shiong Doi in Kien Ning, and Zong Ti in Tai Chow.
	sophistikatedkids.com /turkic/50Religion/TengriKhudayDeosGodEn.htm (6785 words)

	Indian, Chinese, & Japanese Emperors
		The Shang, a splendid Bronze Age civilization, is the true beginning of Chinese history, emerging just as India was falling into its own Dark Ages period (1500-800 BC).
		The system of writing we see developing in the Shang already displays most of the characteristics of Chinese characters and was destined to be the only ancient system of ideographic writing to survive into modern usage, both in China and Japan.
		The Ch'iang and the Ti, like the later Hsi-Hsia kingdom, were early groups of Tibetan or Tangut peoples, all speaking languages ultimately related to Chinese in the Sino-Tibetan language family.
	www.friesian.com /sangoku.htm (12062 words)

	Shang Ti Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Looking For shang ti - Find shang ti and more at Lycos Search.
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	popularityguide.com /encyclopedia/Shang_Ti (623 words)

	Reference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Shang-hai: Ti t'u ch'u pan she : Hsin hua shu tien Shang-hai fa hsing so fa hsing, 1982.
		Ti fang shih tzu liao yen chiu lun wen chi: tsu p'u, fang chih, chuan chi chih ying yung yü chia chih,
		Shan-hsi sheng ti fang chih pien tsuan wei yuan hui (Shensi Province China).
	orpheus.ucsd.edu /chinesehistory/reference.htm (5394 words)

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