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Topic: Shapur I of Persia

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	Shapur I of Persia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Shapur, name born by three Sasanian King of kings and a number of notables of the Sasanian and later periods.
		Shapur was the son of Ardeshir I and "Lady Myrôd".
		Shapur advanced into Asia Minor, but was beaten by Ballista; and now Septimius Odenathus, prince of Palmyra, rose in his rear, defeated the Persian army, reconquered Carrhae and Nisibis, captured the royal harem, and twice invested Ctesiphon (263-265) in Khvarvaran province nowadays Iraq.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shapur_I_of_Persia (1041 words)

	shapur ii of persia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Shapur II was king of Persia (310 - 379).
		When King Hormizd II died, the Persian magnates killed his eldest son, blinded the second, and imprisoned the third (Hormizd, who afterwards escaped to the Romans); the throne was reserved for the unborn child of one of the wives of Hormizd.
		Shapur attempted with varying success to conquer the great fortresses of Roman Mesopotamia: Singara, Nisibis (which he invested three times in vain), and Amida (Diarbekr).
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /shapur_ii_of_persia.html (617 words)

	Shapur II of Persia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 337, just before the death of Constantine, Shapur broke the peace concluded in 297 between Narseh and Diocletian, which had been observed for forty years, and a war of twenty-six years (337-363) began in two series of wars.
		Shapur now invaded Armenia, where he took king Arsaces III, the faithful ally of the Romans, prisoner by treachery and forced him to commit suicide.
		Shapur had conducted great hosts of captives from the Roman territory into his dominions, most of whom were settled in Susiana.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shapur_II_of_Persia (670 words)

	(Chosroes I* PERSIA - Margaret* PEVEREL ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Chosroes I* PERSIA (Shah of Persia) (____ - 0579)
		Kavadh I* PERSIA (Shah of Persia) (____ - 0531)
		Shapur I* PERSIA (Shah of Persia) (____ - 0272)
	www.afn.org /~lawson/index/ind0505.html (155 words)

	Station Information - Shapur I of Persia
		Ardashir I had towards the end of his reign renewed the war against Rome; Shapur conquered the Mesopotamian fortresses Nisibis and Carrhae and advanced into Syria; but he was driven back by Timesitheus, father-in-law of the young emperor, Gordianus III, and defeated at Resaena in 243.
		Shapur advanced into Asia Minor, but was beaten by Ballista; and now Septimius Odenathus, prince of Palmyra, rose in his rear, defeated the Persian army, reconquered Carrhae and Nisibis, captured the royal harem, and twice invested Ctesiphon (263 - 265).
		In the valley of Istakhr (near Persepolis), under the tombs of the Achaemenids at Nakshi Rustam, Shapur is represented on horseback, in the royal armour, with the crown on his head; before him kneels Valerian, in Roman dress, asking for grace.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/s/sh/shapur_i_of_persia.html (325 words)

	Shapur I of Persia: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Shapur I of Persia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Shapur I, son of Ardashir I[?], was king of Persia from 241 to 272.
		Ardashir I had towards the end of his reign renewed the war against Rome; Shapur conquered the Mesopotamian fortresses Nisibis and Carrhae and advanced into Syria; but he was driven back by Timasitheus[?], father-in-law of the young emperor, Gordianus III, and beaten at Resaena[?] (243).
		Shapur advanced into Asia Minor, but was beaten by Ballista; and now Odaenathus (Odainath[?]), prince of Palmyra, rose in his rear, defeated the Persian army, reconquered Carrhae and Nisibis, captured the royal harem, and twice invested Ctesiphon (263-265).
	www.encyclopedian.com /sh/Shapur-I-of-Persia.html (358 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Persian Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Persia's earliest known kingdom was the proto-Elamite Empire, followed by the Medes; but it is the Achaemenid Empire that emerged under Cyrus the Great that is usually the earliest to be called "Persian." Successive states in Iran before 1935 are collectively called the Persian Empire by Western historians.
		Persia's weakness was exposed to the Greeks in 401 BC, when the Satrap of Sardis hired ten thousand Greek mercenaries to help secure his claim to the imperial throne (see Xenophon).
		Persia was drawn into the periphery of WWI because of its strategic position between Afghanistan and the warring Ottoman, Russian, and British Empires.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Persian_Empire (4369 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Persia
		Persia proper is bounded on the north by Transcaucasia, the Caspian Sea, and Russian Turkestan; on the south by the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf; it is over one-fifth as large as the United States (excluding Alaska) and twice as large as Germany, having an area of about 642,000 square miles.
		Pherecles, the Seleucid satrap, having insulted Tiridates, was slain, and Parthia freed from the Macedonians.
		On his arrival in Persia, Mgr Cluzel was immediately acknowledged by the shah, decorated with the insignia of the Lion and Sun, and officially confirmed, by a special imperial firman, as the representative of the Father of the Faithful.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11712a.htm (14955 words)

	Shapur II of Persia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Shapur attempted with varying success to conquer the great fortresses of Roman Mesopotamia:, Nisibis (which he invested three times in vain), and Amida (Diarbekr).
		After a prolonged struggle (353-358) they were forced to conclude a peace, and their king,, accompanied Shapur in the war against the Romans.
		Shapur now invaded Armenia, where he took king, the faithful ally of the Romans, prisoner by treachery and forced him to commit suicide.
	www.bexley.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Shapur_II_of_Persia (682 words)

	AllRefer.com - Sassanid, Iran History (Iranian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Sassanid&sp;Sasanid[both: sas´unid] Pronunciation Key, or Sassanian[sasA´nyun] Pronunciation Key, last dynasty of native rulers to reign in Persia before the Arab conquest.
		Ardashir I was succeeded by his son Shapur I, who was victorious over Roman Emperor Valerian and ruled until 272.
		The next reign of importance was that of Shapur II (309–79), a period of particular significance and glory.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Sassanid.html (384 words)

	History of Iran: The Early Years of Sassanid Empire and Religious Turmoil in Persia
		Shapur took Mani and Zoroastrian priests with him on his expeditions, with the Zoroastrians more favored, wearing their conical hats and white cotton robes, the white representing light and purity.
		Shapur deported the populations of Damascus and other cities that he had conquered, sending large groups of Greek speaking Christians from Syria to the provinces of Persis, Parthia, Susiana and the city of Babylon, where they were allowed to organize their own communities and follow their own leaders.
		Shapur I died sometime between 270 and 273, and he was succeeded by his son, Hormizd.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/articles/sassanids_religious_turmoil.php (3148 words)

	Iranica.com - SHAPUR I
		Shapur's triumph increased the prestige of the Sasanian empire, confirming her position as the rival of the Roman state, and one of "the two guardians of order and progress in the world" (Petrus Patricius in Müller, Fragmenta IV, p.
		Shapur ends his inscription by re-emphasizing that "we are zealous of the service and worship of the gods, and are the instruments of the gods", and that "with the assistance of the gods" he had achieved all his works (Back, pp.
		Naqsh-i Rustam 6, The Triumph of Shapur I, Representation of Kerdir and Inscription [Iranishe Denkmäler 13], Berlin, 1989.
	www.iranica.com /articles/sup/Shapur_I.html (3868 words)

	decendants of Papak of Persia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		of_Persia, Kavadh I [11477] (Kobad, Cabades) Shah of Persia, 488-531
		of_Persia, Khusrau II_Parves (Chosroes the Conquerer) [11474] Shah of Persia, 590-628
		of_Persia, Yezdegerd I [11481] Shah of Persia, 399-420
	www.hdhdata.org /roots/i0130.shtml (187 words)

	Aba and the Church in Persia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Persia later became tolerant of Christianity; liberty was increased there while it was vanishing in Europe.
		The barbaric churches, from the Gulf of Persia to the Caspian Sea, were almost infinite; and their recent faith was conspicuous in the number and sanctity of their monks and martyrs.
		In the further history of the expansion of the Assyrian Church during the Moslem rule in Persia, authorities will be cited as evidence that the Sabbath of the fourth commandment was observed by both Monophysitism and the Church of the East in their separate areas in near and far Asia.
	www.bible-sabbath.com /wilkerson/chapter17.html (5334 words)

	AllRefer.com - Shapur II, Iran History (Iranian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Shapur II or Sapor II, 310–79, king of Persia (310–79), of the Sassanid, or Sassanian, dynasty.
		Later, however, Shapur crushed their kingdom in the east and annexed the area as a new province.
		Armenia had in the meantime accepted Christianity, and Shapur, an orthodox Zoroastrian, at first persecuted the Christians but later recognized their autonomy and respected their religion.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Shapur2.html (308 words)

	chapter17
		Mithraism was proud not only of her sway in Persia, but also of having adapted Zoroastrianism to the western world; thus having paved the way for this form of sun worship to become a universal religion in the Roman world.
		King Shapur was ambitious to recover all the territories ruled over by King Xerxes of the early Persian Empire.
		The pepper coast of Malabar and the isles of the ocean, Socotra and Ceylon, were peopled with an increasing multitude of Christians; and the bishops and clergy of those sequestered regions derived their ordination from the catholicos of Babylon.
	www.giveshare.org /churchhistory/truthtriumphant/chapter17.html (5741 words)

	Shapur I of Persia -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Shapur I, son of (Click link for more info and facts about Ardashir I) Ardashir I, was (Click link for more info and facts about king of Persia) king of Persia from (Click link for more info and facts about 241) 241 to (Click link for more info and facts about 272) 272.
		At last the emperor (A plant of the genus Valeriana having lobed or dissected leaves and cymose white or ink flowers) Valerian marched against him, but Valerian was taken prisoner in Roman-controlled province of Edessa, when he attempted to meet for negotiations (260).
		But according to Persian traditions, which appear to be trustworthy, he conquered the great fortress of (Click link for more info and facts about Hatra) Hatra in the Mesopotamian desert; and the great glory of his reign was that he kept a Roman emperor prisoner to the day of his death.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/S/Sh/Shapur_I_of_Persia.htm (291 words)

	Ardashir I of Persia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ardashir is the ancestor of Sassanid dynasty on the Persian throne.
		There is a Persian legend which says his son and successor Shapur was his son with an Arsacid princess, though the legend has no historical evidence.
		Ardashir was succeeded by his son Shapur I (king from 241 to 272).
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/ardashir_i_of_persia (306 words)

	SHAPUR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Pahlavi Shahpuhr was the son of Ardashir, the founder of the Sassanian dynasty in Persia.
		Shapur fought against Rome in Asia Minor and imprisoned the emperor Valerian for the rest of his life.
		Shapur ruled over Persian and non-Persian territories, and he tried to find a religion suitable for all his subjects.
	www.hyperhistory.com /online_n2/people_n2/ppersons3_n2/shapur1.html (77 words)

	NARSES - LoveToKnow Article on NARSES
		A native of Persarmenia (that portion of Armenia which was allotted to Persia by the partition of 384), he may have been prepared and educated by his parents for service in an oriental court.
		If the statement that he died at the age of ninety-five be correct, he was born about 478.
		These Persarmenian generals, having formerly fought under the standard of Persia, now in consequence of the successes of Belisarius transferred their allegiance to the emperor Justinian, came to Constantinople, and received costly gifts from the great minister.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /N/NA/NARSES.htm (2107 words)

	ARMENIAN CONTINUING HISTORY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Shapur remitted the power into the hands of the captive's son, Arshag.
		King Arshag, whose father was perfidiously blinded by Shapur, being informed that the Persian king intended to kill him by every means, tried to consolidate his relations with the roman emperor.
		After the death of Vramshabouh, a transition period was created with the reign of a propersian personality, named Shapur (416-420), and the government of a Persian exarch (420-423).
	www.armenian.com /history3.html (1912 words)

	AllRefer.com - Shapur I, Iran History (Iranian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Shapur I[shApOOr´] Pronunciation Key or Sapor I[sA´pOr] Pronunciation Key, d.272, king of Persia (241–72), son and successor of Ardashir I, of the Sassanid or Sassanian dynasty.
		Although he was defeated by the Roman emperor, Gordian III, in 242, Gordian's successor, Philip (Philip the Arabian), concluded a peace with him guaranteeing Shapur's power in Armenia and Mesopotamia.
		In 260 he achieved his greatest triumph by defeating the Roman emperor Valerian at Edessa : a landmark in the decline of Rome.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Shapur1.html (253 words)

	Shapur I. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		), d.272, king of Persia (241–72), son and successor of Ardashir I, of the Sassanid or Sassanian dynasty.
		Gordian’s successor, Philip (Philip the Arabian), concluded a peace with him guaranteeing Shapur’s power in Armenia and Mesopotamia.
		In 260 he achieved his greatest triumph by defeating the Roman emperor Valerian at Edessa—a landmark in the decline of Rome.
	www.bartleby.com /65/sh/Shapur1.html (191 words)

	Casca Volume 7 Preview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Shapur was the instrument and personification of their god.
		Casca's reward for years of loyal service-fighting the wars of Persia to secure the frontiers threatened by savage tribes-was to be proclaimed a heretic by the Vizier Rasheed and put to the stake to have his body burned to ashes.
		He was in Calinicium only long enough to trade a few of his small silver coins, stamped with the likeness of Shapur, for a donkey to help carry him the rest of the way to Antioch, two hundred miles farther west.
	www.barrysadler.com /vol7a.htm (1949 words)

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