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Topic: Sharada script

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	The Sharada Script: Origin and Development
		Like the Brahmi and the Kharoshti in the ancient period, the Sharada script in the early medieval period formed a vital link in the chain of communication of ideas, knowledge, and culture among the states comprised in the Western Hirnalayan region.
		While the use of the Sharada alphabet in the inscriptions dates from the 8th century A.D. its use in the manuscripts, however, is not known earlier than the 12th century when we find it first used in a manuscript discovered from the village Bakhshali in the Peshawar district of Pakistan11.
		Deambi, Kaul, B.K., Corpus of the Sharada Inscriptions of Kashmir.
	www.koausa.org /Languages/Sharda.html (3561 words)

	Gurmukhi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Proto-Gurmukhi letters evolved through the Gupta script, from 4th to 8th century, followed by the Sharada script, from 8th century onwards, and finally adapted their archaic form in the Devasesha stage of the Later Sharada script, dated between the 10th and 14th centuries.
		Also Takri was a script that developed through the Devasesha stage of the Sharada script, and is found mainly in the Hill States, such as Chamba, where it is called Chambyali and in Jammu, where it is known as Dogri.
		Later in the 20th century, the script was given the authority as the official script of the Eastern Punjabi language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gurmukhi (1550 words)

	Encyclopedia: Devanagari (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Devanagari emerged around 1200 AD out of the Siddham script, gradually replacing the earlier, closely related Sharada script (which remained in parallel use in Kashmir).
		Both are immediate descendants of the Gupta script, ultimately deriving from the BrÄhmÄ« script attested from the 3rd century BC.
		Sharada can refer to: another name for the Hindu goddess Saraswati the Sharada script This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Devanagari (2988 words)

	Old European Script (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Old European Script (also known as the Vinča alphabet, Vinča script or Vinča-Tordos script) is a name sometimes given to the markings on prehistoric artefacts found in south-eastern Europe.
		Most archaeologists and linguists disagree with Gimbutas' interpretation of the Vinča signs as a script: it is all but universally accepted among scholars that the Sumerian cuneiform script is in fact the earliest form of writing.
		Tha Sharada Script: Origin and Development A historical survey of a script used traditionally to write the Kashmiri language, and still used for religious purposes.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Old_European_Script.html (1854 words)

	NS Kashmir Research Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Employed for writing Sanskrit, and Kashmiri, in ancient and medieval Kashmir, it is related to the Devanagari script and is built along the same lines with the letters sa and ha coming at the end of the alphabet.
		Sharada alaphabet soon spread to the neighbouring Himalayan regions where it was widely used.
		However, the use of Sharada script is now limited to a very few members of the priestly class of the Kashmiri Pandits for writing horoscopes.
	koausa.org /NSKRI/Sharada.html (194 words)

	Sharada script - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sharada script is an abugida writing system of the Brahmic family of scripts, developed from ca.
		Originally more widespread, its use became later restricted to Kashmir, and it is now rarely used at all.
		The Sharada script is also known as Sarada, Sarda, and Sharda.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sharada_script (80 words)

	Vitasta Annual Number: A Kashmir Sabha, Kolkata Publication
		Like the Brahmi and the Kharoshti in the ancient period, the Sharada script in the early medireview period formed a vital link in the chain of communication of ideas, knowledge, and culture among the states comprised in the Western Himalayan region.
		Sharada remained an alphabet par excellence of Kashmir till the present century and owed its name to the valley which from ancient times bore the alternative name of Sharada-desha and Sharada-mandala owing to its tutelary deity Sharada, the Goddess of Learning.
		While the use of the Sharada alphabet in the inscriptions dates from the 8th century A.D. its use in the manuscripts, however, is not known earlier than the 12th century when we find it first used in a manuscript discovered from the village Bakhshali in the Peshawar district of Pakistan
	vitasta.org /2001/1.7.html (1226 words)

	Language in India
		This script may be, to a great extent, common for all languages, but there could be a few individual variations.
		Roman script is also useful to teach Indian languages to the second and third generation children of Indian families settled outside India.
		Scripts have the potential to alienate people who are not familiar with these "strange" scripts.
	www.languageinindia.com /march2003/roman.html (1255 words)

	Encyclopedia: Punjabi language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		There are several different scripts used for writing the Punjabi language, depending on the region and the dialect spoken, as well as the religion of the speaker.
		However, Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi scripts are the most commonly used for writing Punjabi and are considered the official scripts of the language.
		The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing the Arabic language, which is the language of the Quran, the holy book of Islam.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Punjabi-language (1897 words)

	Vitasta Annual Number: A Kashmir Sabha, Kolkata Publication
		Like the Brahmi and the Kharoshti in the ancient period, the Sharada script in the early medireview period formed a vital link in the chain of communication of ideas, knowledge, and culture among the states comprised in the Western Himalayan region.
		Sharada remained an alphabet par excellence of Kashmir till the present century and owed its name to the valley which from ancient times bore the alternative name of Sharada-desha and Sharada-mandala owing to its tutelary deity Sharada, the Goddess of Learning.
		While the use of the Sharada alphabet in the inscriptions dates from the 8th century A.D. its use in the manuscripts, however, is not known earlier than the 12th century when we find it first used in a manuscript discovered from the village Bakhshali in the Peshawar district of Pakistan
	www.vitasta.org /2001/1.7.html (1226 words)

	Places of Worship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		I presume this was because the memory of the Sharada temple was not very strong in the minds of the main actors in the drama.
		Sharada, like other Indian and southeast Asian scripts, is derived from Brahmi which was in use in India at least as early as 500 BC if not earlier.
		The location of the Sharada temple in the village of Shardi is beyond the mountains, immediately surrounding the valley north northwest of Bandipur.
	ikashmir.org /Temples/sharadha.html (987 words)

	Project ZAAN: Information Digest - Vol. 1
		This script is said to have reached perfection by the 15th or 16th century.
		Sharada script was replaced by Persian /Urdu scripts when Kashmir came under Mughal and Afghan rule.
		But the very fact that the script was used freely by eminent western linguists like Grierson and Temple in their profound works and treatises on Kashmiri language and literature is ample proof of its having been standardised over the decades in the 19th century.
	www.zaan.net /vol1/9.html (1948 words)

	Kashmir: Religious Practices
		I presume this was because the memory of the Sharada temple was not very strong in the minds of the main actors in the drama.
		Sharada, like other Indian and southeast Asian scripts, is derived from Brahmi which was in use in India at least as early as 500 BC if not earlier.
		The location of the Sharada temple in the village of Shardi is beyond the mountains, immediately surrounding the valley north northwest of Bandipur.
	www.ikashmir.net /temples/sharda1.html (1012 words)

	When would Hindus get ‘Darshan’ of Sree Sharada Devi in Kashmir?
		The ancient temple of Sree Sharada Devi is in Pak occupied Kashmir (PoK).
		Kashmir was known as Sharada Peeth due to the temple of Sree Sharada Devi.
		Sharada Peeth was as famous as the four Peethas at Shrungeri, Dwaraka, Jagannathpuri and Badrikashram founded by Shankaracharya.
	www.hindujagruti.org /eng/phpnews/news.php?action=fullnews&id=1028 (943 words)

	Sanskrit language -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		It is very closely related to (The script in which the ancient Persian language of the Avesta is written) Avestan, the language of (System of religion founded in Persia in the 6th century BC by Zoroaster; set forth in the Zend-Avesta; based on concept of struggle between light (good) and dark (evil)) Zoroastrianism.
		Other scripts used include (A Dravidian language spoken in southern India) Kannada in the South, and ((Hinduism) a member of a people living in Bangladesh and West Bengal (mainly Hindus)) Bengali and other North Indian scripts in other regions.
		An option between Sanskrit and (The most widely spoken of modern Indic vernaculars; spoken mostly in the north of India; along with English it is the official language of India; usually written in Devanagari script) Hindi as a second language exists for grades 9 and 10.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sa/sanskrit_language.htm (3006 words)

	Language in India
		The demand for the adoption of native Meitei script, in place of the Bengali script that has been in use for over 270 years, was seen only as a minor protest agitation in early 1960s.
		The support for the Devanagari script dwindled, and the growth of the Meitei spirit in support of Meitei culture and literature was strengthened.
		The Manipur government's decision to introduce Meitei script in standards I and II from the 2005-2006 academic year also was brought about by the fierce political agitations of the student unions and alliances.
	www.languageinindia.com /june2005/meiteiscript1.html (1399 words)

	Brahmi Script
		This script appeared in India most certainly by the 5th century BC, but the fact that just like the Greek alphabet, it had many local variants, which suggests that its origin lies further back in time.
		The Brahmi script is the ancestor of practically all modern Indian writing systems, at all there are about 40 varieties of them nowadays, including Tibetan, Singhalese, Sharada, Newari, Bengali, Oriya, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Lahnda, Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Burmese, Khmer, Lao, Thai, Devanagari.
		Thus the Brahmi script was the Indian equivalent of the Greek script that gave arise to a host of different systems.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /project/script/brahm.html (438 words)

	Milchar
		However, I am not denying the importance of Sharada script that was in vogue in Kashmir a couple of centuries before Kalhana wrote his chronicle.
		Down to the times of Zainu’l-Abidin, both scripts continued to be used, Persian by the ruling class and the elite that had converted to Islamic faith and Sharada by the plebeians and particularly the Purohit class who were most concerned with theological and astronomical literature.
		Though Sharada remained the script for writing Kashmiri for many years after the rise of the Sultans, yet Sanskrit continued to be the mainstay of Kashmirian literary and historical scholarship.
	www.milchar.com /Feb2004/7.html (1765 words)

	Koshur: An Introduction to Spoken Kashmiri
		The earliest available Kashmiri scripts (MSS) are written in the Sharada script, Sharada is an indigenous writing system that evolved from the original Brahmi in the same chronological order and around the same time as the Nagari, Gurumukhi and other North Indian scripts did.
		But the very fact that the script was used freely by eminent western linguists like Grierson and Temple in their profound works and treatises on Kashmiri language and literature is ample proof of its having been standardized over the decades in the 19th century.
		After the establishment of the first popular government in the state, the Arabic script was officially sought to be used for Kashmiri, to be followed by the Persian script in its present form.
	www.koshur.org /devan1.html (2122 words)

	Sharada Thirtha (The Palm Leaf)
		One such holy place, the Sharada temple, according to Subhash Kak, is the most famous and sacred of all Kashmiri pilgrimage centers.
		According to Al-Biruni Sharada was as important as Somnath, Multan and Thaneshvar.
		A mention of the Sharada temple is present in the second volume of Rajatarangini, translated by M.A.Stein.
	www.varnam.org /history/2005/08/sharada_thirtha.php (637 words)

	Vitasta Annual Number: A Kashmir Sabha, Kolkata Publication
		But some research scholars consider birch manuscript of "Manimata manimala" to be the most ancient script of Kashmir whereas others consider the Sharada script of Bakshali which was first of all discovered in the Bakshali village in North Western Frontier Province now in Pakistan to be the oldest known script of Kashmiri.
		Now Kashmiri Hindus have adopted the "Devnagri" script to express themselves, but still there are many short comings in the script as a slight change in the pronounciation of a particular word changes its meaning altogether.
		About two years back Dr. B.K. Moza of Kolkata took some initiative to evolve a standard script acceptable to all for writing the Kashmiri language in Devnagri but in spite of his best efforts the response from A.I.K.S., who wished and agreed to have this as their agenda, was not very purposeful.
	www.vitasta.org /2001/3.7.html (1251 words)

	Indian Language - Sanskrit - Crystalinks
		Since the late 19th century, the Devanagari (meaning "as used in the city of the gods") script has become the most widely used and associated with Sanskrit, yet this was by no means the case earlier.
		Roughly contemporary with the Brahmi, the Kharosthi script was used.
		the 8th century, the Sharada script evolved out of the Gupta script, and was mostly displaced in its turn by Devanagari from ca.
	www.crystalinks.com /indialanguage.html (966 words)

	Vitasta Annual Number: A Kashmir Sabha, Kolkata Publication
		Kashmiris had evolved a script of their own and this is called Sharada script.
		It largely follows the pattern of the Devanagari script in the matter of the alphabets and combination of vowel sounds with consonants and appears to have been developed from the old Brahmi script.
		Mehjoor, the eminent poet was in favour of retaining the Sharada script.
	vitasta.org /2001/2.3.html (3871 words)

	Nityanand Shastri Kashmir Research Institute (NSKRI)
		On display are rare miniature paintings of the Kashmir school, Sharada and Persian manuscripts, documents and books relating to Kashmiri Pandit intellectual attainments and scholarship.
		Named after "Sharada Desh", the ancient name of Kashmir, the Sharada script developed from Brahmi, the mother of all Indian scripts, around the 8th-9th century.
		Sharada alphabet soon spread to the neighbouring Himalayan regions where it was widely used.
	www.unmesh.com /may98.html (5685 words)

	Devanagari - Information at Halfvalue.com
		Of the Devanagari script or of a Devanagari alphabet.
		DevanÄgarÄ« emerged around CE 1200 out of the Siddham script, gradually replacing the earlier, closely related Sharada script (which remained in parallel use in Kashmir).
		Both are immediate descendants of the Gupta script, ultimately deriving from the BrÄhmÄ« script attested from the 3rd century BCE; NÄgarÄ« appeared in approx.
	www.halfvalue.com /wiki.jsp?topic=Devanagari (3605 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Kashmiri language
		Kashmiri is a Dardic Indo-Aryan language spoken mainly in Kashmir, a formerly independent state now divided between India and Pakistan.
		It was originally written in the Sharada script, but now is written in the closely related Devanagari as well as Persian scripts.
		The earliest literary composition in Kashmiri that has survived is the poetry of Lalleshvari, the 14th century mystic poet.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Kashmiri_language (237 words)

	Nityanand Shastri Kashmir Research Institute (NSKRI)
		It is a sad commentary on the present predicament of Kashmiri Pandits that despite their eagerness to crow over others for their intellectual superiority, there are hardly half a dozen persons in the community who are well acquainted with the Sharada script, and of them not many are competent scholars.
		However, the archaic touch that she has preferred to give to her language, perhaps to lend it an authentic aura, sometimes appears to obscure the meaning at least for those who are not familiar with her philosophy.
		True, her sayings passed on from generation to generation through oral tradition for quite some time before they were written down in the Sharada script, but this esotric element kept their appeal confined to a few initiates.
	unmesh.com /oct97.html (3260 words)

	North Indic scripts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The north indic scripts are the scripts derived from the northern branch of Ashokan brahmi.
		This is a part of the category Brahmic scripts.
		Below are shown the scripts belonging to this category.
	www.ontopia.net /i18n/category.jsp?id=1076 (41 words)

	Sadapunjab : LITERATURE THE GOLDEN WORDS FROM PUNJABI WIRTERS, POETS AROUND THE WORLD , MAKGING HISTORY WITH THEIR ...
		It seems to have been modified from the Landa script, which is used to write the Punjabi, Lahnda, and Sindhi languages.
		Landa, Gurmukhi, and two other scripts used in northwestern India, Sharada and Takri, make up a related group that is probably descended from a common ancestor
		There was a movement for the promotion of the Punjabi language in the 1980s and -90s, and some Punjabi literature is being published using the Urdu script; among the works published are Punjabi classics that have hitherto been available in Gurmukhi script or preserved in oral tradition.
	www.sadapunjab.com /articles.asp?m=3&c=25&p=&cat=FESTIVALS (317 words)

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