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Topic: Sharia

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	Sharia - MSN Encarta
		Sharia (Arabic : شريعة transliteration : Šarīʿah) is the body of Islamic religious law.
		Shari'a Academy of America is an independent educational institution, with its headquarters located in Tampa, Florida in the USA,Shari'a Academy aims to spread Islamic knowledge in...
		The most important debate among modern Muslims concern whether the Sharia should be applied in all aspects of life and whether and how to renovate it so that it addresses the most pressing issues facing the Muslim world today.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761589782/Sharia.html (421 words)

	Sharia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sharia has certain laws which are regarded as divinely ordained, concrete and timeless for all relevant situations (for example, the ban against drinking liquor as an intoxicant).
		An unusual secular-state example was the (rejected) proposal for a Sharia arbitration court to be established in Ontario, Canada.
		In 2003, for example, a Malaysian court ruled that, under Sharia law, a man may divorce his wife via text messaging as long as the message was clear and unequivocal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sharia (4590 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| Q&A: Sharia law explained
		But Sharia differs in one very important and significant way to the legal traditions of the Western world: it governs, or at least informs, every aspect of the life of a Muslim.
		Sharia rulings have been developed to help Muslims understand how they should lead every aspect of their lives according to God's wishes.
		Sharia courts exist in both the Muslim world and in the Western world.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/uk_news/7234870.stm (1205 words)

	Sharia law is spreading as authority wanes - Telegraph
		Sharia, derived from several sources including the Koran, is applied to varying degrees in predominantly Muslim countries but it has no binding status in Britain.
		Sharia's great strength was the effectiveness of its penalties, he said.
		Sharia councils may grant divorces under religious law to a woman whose husband refuses to complete a civil divorce by declaring his marriage over.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /news/uknews/1535478/Sharia-law-is-spreading-as-authority-wanes.html (669 words)

	A Special Feature on Sharia in Nigeria By Nigeria On Line, 23 August, 2002
		Today, Obasanjo says Sharia is illegal but has done nothing more than oppose Sharia punishments when confronted by the international media when he is out of Nigeria in several of his world record overseas trips.
		Sharia is a code by which all Muslims are supposed to live, but authorities combine it with severe punishments such as cutting off the hands of thieves and stonings.
		Reports suggest the Sharia authorities changed their minds to avoid triggering renewed outbreaks of violence between Muslim and Christians in Kaduna, where more than 2,000 people died two years ago during protests against the introduction of Sharia.
	www.waado.org /NigerDelta/HumanRights/Sharia/NigeriaOnLine-23Aug2002.html (2817 words)

	Sharia - Biocrawler
		The sharia, as dictated by Islamic lawmakers, is believed by Muslims to be merely a human approximation of Sharia, which is the divine and eternal correct path.
		Sharia is also used in Sudan, Libya and for a time in modern Afghanistan.
		Its critics fear that the misogyny inherent in Sharia could end up influencing the Canadian justice system, but its proponents say those who do not wish to go by the court's rulings are not forced to attend it.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Sharia (3473 words)

	Sharia - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		An unusual secular-state example was the proposal for a Sharia arbitration court to be established in Ontario, Canada.
		In 1998 the Turkish Constitutional Court banned and dissolved Turkey's Refah Party on the grounds that the "rules of sharia", which Refah sought to introduce, "were incompatible with the democratic regime", pointing up that "Democracy is the antithesis of sharia".
		On appeal by Refah the European Court of Human Rights determined that "sharia is incompatible with the fundamental principles of democracy"Judgement in the case of Refah Partisi and Others v.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Shari'ah (4214 words)

	sharia â“ FREE sharia Information \| Encyclopedia.com: Facts, Pictures, Information!
		Another important principle is ijtihad, the extension of sharia to situations neither covered by precedent nor explicable by analogy to other laws.
		Family Imam Ahmad Hilayel and members of the Sharia Justice Commission, the King said the makruma was in recognition of the great role Sharia judges play in protecting society and safeguarding...
		Sharia in Kabul?: A theological iron curtain is descending across Afghanistan.(radicalism taking hold across the nation)
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-sharia.html (1184 words)

	No to Ontario's "Sharia Courts"!
		Sharia is the 1,300-year-old body of Muslim canon law that regulates every aspect of life.
		The debate on sharia comes amid vastly heightened anti-Muslim racism—indeed, some of the opposition to the new tribunals is fueled by this backlash.
		That the government here is allowing Islamic sharia courts in the midst of an anti-Muslim backlash underscores that the fundamental divide in society is not between religions or nationalities, but between the classes.
	www.icl-fi.org /english/spc/142/sharia.html (3984 words)

	The Online NewsHour: Oil and Politics in Nigeria \| Sharia Law and Nigeria -- April 5, 2007 \| PBS
		The word Sharia means "the path to a watering hole" but is often translated as "the way" or "the path." It offers guidelines for everyday life, including prayers and donations to the poor.
		Lawal was convicted in March 2002, and a Sharia court sentenced her to death by stoning at Bakori in northern Nigeria's Katsina state.
		The public outrage and international pressure mounted ahead of her appeal and when the Sharia court heard her arguments in September 2003, the court overturned her death sentence, saying authorities had not allowed her to adequately defend herself in the original trial.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/indepth_coverage/africa/nigeria/sharia.html (1046 words)

	Can Sharia (Islamic Law) work in the 21st Century?
		Sharia laws were created to rule the vast expanding Muslim empire after 200 years of Prophet's death.
		Though Sharia violates the Qura'an in many of its major laws, (see - Violation of the Qura'an) it is undeniable that some Qura'anic verses, such as on wife beating, slave sleeping, women's inheritance and witness etc are unacceptable to today's concept of human rights.
		Sharia is indeed man-made law because more than six thousand laws (In Imam Shafi'i's and Imam Abu Hanifa's books) cannot be made based on only few Qura'anic verses relating legal instruction, which are indeed contextual.
	www.irfi.org /articles/articles_551_600/can_sharia.htm (6165 words)

	Islam: Governing Under Sharia - Council on Foreign Relations
		Five major schools of sharia developed after the death of the Prophet Mohammed and during the Middle Ages--four in the Sunni tradition and one in the Shiite tradition.
		Depending on the country, sharia courts that oversee marriage and other personal law matters are headed either by a secular judge or by an Islamic judge called a qadi.
		The Islamic finance industry, with estimated assets of $200 billion to $300 billion, represents a small chunk of the global marketplace, but is "already playing a significant role in the financial systems in the Middle East," said John B. Taylor, U.S. under secretary of the Treasury, in a 2004 address.
	www.cfr.org /publication/8034 (2716 words)

	Sharia law \| World news \| guardian.co.uk
		Sharia law, which derives from the teachings of the Koran and from Sunna (the practice of the prophet Mohammed), is implemented to varying degrees in different Islamic countries - from the beheadings of Saudi Arabia, to the relatively liberal social mores of Malaysia.
		Sharia offers a code for living governing all elements of life, from prayers to fasting to donations to the poor.
		He has stated that "sharia is not a new thing and it's not a thing to be afraid of", and said the federal government would not dispute the rights of states to use it.
	www.guardian.co.uk /world/2002/aug/20/qanda.islam (1294 words)

	Sharia, Federalism and Nigerian Constitution:International Conference on Sharia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Sharia as a methodology of positive social change, and the way in which it was subverted by colonialism, are facts deeply embedded in the Nigerian Muslims’ historical memory.
		The Sharia was largely preserved in its judicial institutions, and acknowledged as a symbol of Muslim cultural identity.
		Sharia courts were expected to gradually imbibe, adopt and assimilate the colonial laws and procedures based on the English law.
	www.shariah2001.nmnonline.net /tabiu_paper.htm (5899 words)

	Canada Must "Stand on Guard" Against Sharia
		Sharia law is attempting to creep into all aspects of secular society.
		The Canadian law permitting a Sharia court was passed in 1991 when the Province of Ontario adopted the Arbitration Act, which stipulated that if two parties agree to engage an arbitrator to settle a civil dispute, the provincial authorities would uphold the decision so long as it is in agreement with Canadian Law.
		If Sharia Law is ever permitted a respectable place in country alongside or amid our secular world, and suddenly we have that little issue about public stoning of women to contend with.
	www.socyberty.com /Law/Canada-Must-Stand-on-Guard-Against-Sharia.27854 (933 words)

	Why Sharia Law Must Be Opposed
		Sharia law is the instrument by which Political Islam seeks to control the Muslim world.
		The Sharia should be opposed for its imposition of theocracy over democracy, its abuse of human rights, its institutionalized discrimination, its denial of human dignity and individual autonomy, its punishment of alternative lifestyle choices, and for the severity of its punishments.
		These calls should be vigorously opposed; the Sharia conflicts with many basic human values, such as equality before the law, that punishments should be commensurate with the crime, and that the law must be based on the will of the people.
	www.ntpi.org /html/whyoppose.html (1187 words)

	Sharia courts gaining popularity in UK: sources
		Despite the recent controversy after the Church of England's top cleric said Sharia law was inevitable in Britain, Muslims have been turning to Islamic courts in the UK in increasing numbers for some time.
		There are about a dozen Sharia courts in Britain -- although they have no formal legal status -- and are mainly used to resolve family disputes.
		According to Sharia law, the right to divorce is incumbent first on the man. A civil divorce as such is only automatically validated in Islamic law if the man has sought it or given his consent.
	www.alarabiya.net /articles/2008/02/17/45756.html (576 words)

	FrontPage Magazine
		If they decide to resolve disputes using principles of Sharia and using an imam as an arbitrator, that is perfectly acceptable under the arbitration act.” He added that both parties to a dispute had to enter into arbitration on a voluntary basis.
		Sharia tribunals are being ushered in camouflaged by the well-earned respectability of Beit Din.
		This denial of equality of rights and dignity remains part of the Sharia, and, as such, are part of the law that global jihadists are laboring to impose everywhere, ultimately on the entire human race.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=13321 (1264 words)

	Sharia
		Sharia is often referred to as Islamic law, but this is wrong, as only a small part is irrefutably based upon the core Islamic text, the Koran.
		Sharia is primarily meant for all Muslims, but applies to a certain extent also for people living inside a Muslim society.
		Fiqh is the science of Sharia, and is sometimes used as synonymous with it.
	i-cias.com /e.o/sharia.htm (545 words)

	Sharia law: A brief introduction
		Shari'a) literally means "the path to a watering hole." The Guardian newspaper in the UK describes Sharia as: "...
		Some countries like Turkey totally abandoned the Sharia and adopted new law codes based on European systems...Modern legislation along with Muslim legal scholars who are attempting to relate the will of Allah to the 20th century have reopened the door to interpreting the Sharia.
		Sharia law has been adopted in various forms by many countries, ranging from a strict interpretation in Saudi Arabia and northern states of Nigeria, to a relatively liberal interpretation in much of Malaysia.
	www.religioustolerance.org /islsharia.htm (864 words)

	Religious Conversion and Sharia Law - Council on Foreign Relations
		Sharia, or Islamic law, is followed but in the context of a constitutional framework.
		Another case involved Nasr Abu Zayd, a professor whose writings Egypt’s highest court found were evidence of apostasy and in violation of sharia law (though a previous judge rejected the case on the grounds that apostasy does not violate Egypt’s civil code).
		Under sharia law in Malaysia, Joy could face criminal prosecution for apostasy, punishable by imprisonment, a hefty fine, or time spent at a “rehabilitation” camp.
	www.cfr.org /publication/13552/religious_conversion_and_sharia_law.html?breadcrumb= (1893 words)

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