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Topic: Sharuhen

	Articles - Sharuhen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Sharuhen was an ancient town in the Negev Desert, between Raphia and Gaza.
		The destruction of Sharuhen was merely the first stage of a new policy of pre-emptive warfare waged by the Egyptians.
		Ahmose I engaged in a retaliative three-year siege of the Southern Palestine citadel of Sharuhen, thereby launching an aggressive policy of
	www.voiprealfan.com /articles/Sharuhen (312 words)

	Sharuhen
		Sharuhen was an important fortress of the Hyksos during the Second Intermediate period.
		After the Hyksos were driven out of Egypt by Ahmose I, their leaders retreated to Sharuhen and withstood a 3-year-long seige, according to the Egyptian account.
		If the modern site of Tell el-Farah is to be identified with Sharuhen, the city and tombs were in use between 1900 and 1200 BCE (from the Twelfth Dynasty to late in the Nineteenth).
	www.nigli.net /akhenaten/sharuhen_1.html (73 words)

	Hyksos - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		After the fall of Avaris, the fleeing Hyksos were pursued by the Egyptian army across northern Sinai and into southern Canaan.
		Here, in the Negev desert between Raphia and Gaza, the fortified town of Sharuhen was reduced after, according to the soldier from El-Kab, a long three-year siege operation.
		One can reasonably conclude that the thrust into southern Canaan probably followed the Hyksos’ eviction from Avaris fairly closely, but, given a period of protracted struggle before Avaris fell and possibly more than one season of campaigning before the Hyksos were shut up in Sharuhen, the chronological sequence must remain uncertain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hyksos (3359 words)

	Ancient Sharuhen (Tell Ajjul) [Tell Farah South] in Israel
		Sharuhen was an important fortress of the Hyksos during the Second Intermediate Period (16th Dynasty).
		Petrie claimed that Tell Ajjul is ancient Gaza - a view which was contradicted by Kempinski in 1974 who suggested that ancient Gaza lies within the boundaries of modern Gaza and that Tell Ajjul is Sharuhen - a site mentioned in Egyptian and biblical texts.
		Tell Ajjul lies approximately 10 kilometres southwest of the centre of modern Gaza in the Gaza Strip of Palestine and 1.8 kilometres from the Mediterranean coast.
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /Sharuhen_Ajjul_Farah.html (258 words)

	Heru-ur.org - Kemetic Warfare - New Kingdom Warfare
		One besieged Sharuhen for six years, (and) his majesty took it.
		Culminating with Nisut Ahmose, who expelled the Hyksos rulers beyond Kemet's borders, pursued the Hyksos up along the Levant, and finally to Sharuhen where they were destroyed.
		Experience of foreign rule for over 150 years taught the Kemetics to not rely on the superiority of Kemetic culture and false security of the Nation from external threats.
	www.heru-ur.org /warfare/nkoverview.html (562 words)

	Old Testament Chronology - The Exact Dating of the Exodus from Egypt
		The Hyksos retreated to Sharuhen (Tell el Ajjul or Tell el Far'ah), probably with the intent of mounting a counterattack and retaking their delta homeland.
		This victory was immediately followed by an Egyptian campaign up the coast of Canaan to Syria, in pursuit of the fleeing Hyksos, although even this one foray north is disputed (Goedicke 1986).
		Shea, William H., "The Conquests of Sharuhen and Megiddo Reconsidered." Israel Exploration Journal, 29:1 (1979), 1-5.
	doig.net /OT_Chronology.htm (4052 words)

	IBSS - Biblical Archaeology - Evidence of the Exodus from Egypt
		Moses may have thought while the Egyptians were keeping the Hyksos of Canaan contained at Sharuhen, that they could conquer the land, but since the Hyksos were strong enough to hold off the Egyptians for three years, they could easily beat Israel.
		In the past scholars concluded that Ahmose must have caused the destruction of the Middle Bronze Age, but Reford has shown that Ahmoses' campaign was restricted to Sharuhen and its neighborhood to punish the Hyksos (Redford 1979, 274; Bietak 1991, 58; Weinstein 1981, 1-28).
		The evidence from the Sinai shows little occupation during the Late Bronze Age which is probably due to the expulsion of the Hyksos, and when Ahmose marched to Sharuhen, and besieged it for three years.
	www.bibleandscience.com /archaeology/exodus.htm (13372 words)

	CityBuildingContests.net - Contest 8 story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Worse still, a recently established mining colony at Sharuhen has been obliterated by the Mitani.
		Pharaoh wishes you to lead the Royal army to reclaim Sharuhen.
		This is to be a diversionary attack to leave the Mitani exposed to a seaborne attack in concert with our allies at Enkomi.
	www.ancient-maps.com /archives/contest8/story.html (324 words)

	Tell el-Far'ah - Archaeology Timeline
		The 'Hyksos City' known as Sharuhen is known to have existed somewhere in Syro-Palestine, though its exact location is still debated.
		Of the possible sites, the most likely to be identified as Sharuhen are Tel el-Ajjul and Tel el-Far'ah (S).
		The termination of the MB III culture is most commonly associated with a series of military campaigns against the Hyksos beginning with Ahmose, the first pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty, which inevitably saw the downfall of the Hyksos and the re-establishment of an Egyptian throne.
	farahsouth.cgu.edu /timeline/main.htm (3466 words)

	Jericho: Archaeological Debate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		As for the Egyptians, their records show them pursuing the Hyksos only as far as Sharuhen, a city in the Negev.
		Moreover, the Egyptians preferred to attack before the harvest, taking the crops for their troops and laying siege to the cities.
		Problem: Since Kenyon's dig at Jericho, archaeologists have found evidence of numerous destructions throughout the country, all dated to around 1550 BC.
	www.netours.com /2003/jericho-debate.htm (996 words)

	Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Hyksos were gradually driven out of Egypt and eventually chased all the way to the town of Sharuhen, in Canaan (modern day Tel Ajjul, Israel).
		After a 3-year seige, according to the Egyptian account, Sharuhen was sacked and the Hyksos annihilated.
		The Hyksos are identified with the group of peoples referred to as "Shasu" by the Egyptians.
	www.hostkingdom.net /egypt.html (2776 words)

	Egypt: Ahmose I, Founder of the 18th Dynasty and the New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt
		This was a long battle interrupted by the need to put down insurrections in already liberated territories, but appears to have been successful sometime between his 12th and 15th year as ruler.
		Afterwards, he attacked the southwest Palestinian fortress of Sharuhen in a six year siege that would finally put an end to Hyksos control of Egypt.
		Next, he turned his attention to Nubia (Kush) and, while Kamose (his predecessor) may have gained some ground prior to his death, Ahmose I pushed the boundaries south to the Second Cataract.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/ahmose1.htm (856 words)

	Paghat's Garden: Rose of Sharon Mythology
		And just as Ninua gave her name to the Syrian capital Ninevah, so too Shushan or Susan gave her name to the Persian capital, Susa, home of Queen Esther, but also of the Jewish heroine Susanna.
		It is appealing to assume some connection between a Goddess known as the Rose of Sharon, & the Hyksos city of Sharuhen, "The Dwelling Place of Grace (or Pleasure)," a name that could well imply an orgiastic fertility cult.
		This city was in the Southwest corner of Canaan [Josh 19:6], where the Goddess Anath was paramount.
	www.paghat.com /roseofsharonmyths.html (1648 words)

	Joshua 19:6 Beth Lebaoth, and Sharuhen; thirteen cities
		Joshua 19:6 Beth Lebaoth, and Sharuhen; thirteen cities
		And Beth-lebaoth and Sharuhen; thirteen towns with their unwalled places;
		and Beth-Lebaoth, and Sharuhen; thirteen cities and their villages.
	bible.cc /joshua/19-6.htm (98 words)

	Nahal Besor (BiblePlaces.com)
		Albright suggested that the tell was to be identified with Sharuhen, but some scholars doubt this identification, locating Sharuhen closer to the coast at Tell el-Ajjul.
		The tell is 15 acres in size and rises to 50 feet (15 m) above the area around it.
		Nahal Besor River from Tel Sharuhen (Personal Website) Offers several pictures of Nahal Besor and Tell Sharuhen.
	www.bibleplaces.com /nahalbesor.htm (437 words)

	Gaza (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Here the Hyksos made a stand and held back the Egyptian siege for 3 years.
		The Arabs in turn converted the church to a mosque, and the building, much altered, still stands in Gaza.
		Ahmose I expels Hyksos; 3 year siege near Gaza, (at Sharuhen).
	www.ancientroute.com /cities/gaza.htm (2681 words)

	BIBLE & SPADE: Ch V- The Sojourn in Egypt
		Even in the latter case, it must be remembered that in Egyptian the vowels have to be inserted by conjecture.]) in 1580 BC.
		They fled northwards to Canaan, where legend (repeated by Josephus) attributes to them the foundation of Jerusalem, and after a last stand at Sharuhen disappear from history.
		In Egypt all traces of their hated occupation were as far as possible obliterated, and, one may well surmise, their erstwhile friends the Hebrews were henceforward grievously afflicted.
	www.katapi.org.uk /BAndS/ChV.htm (3891 words)

	GospelMessage.com - Listings of the word SHARUHEN in the King James Version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Return To SHARUHEN In Letter S Word List
		Listings of the word SHARUHEN in the King James Version
		And Bethlebaoth, and Sharuhen; thirteen cities and their villages:
	www.gospelmessage.com /word_sharuhen.htm (47 words)

	AN ALTERNATIVE VIEW OF THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE EXODUS (Revised)
		The assumption that the Exodus is historical will be kept but others will be changed according to requirements of the evidence.
		Tell el-Ajjul is usually identified with the Sharuhen which was the Hyksos centre of influence in Palestine during the Second Intermediate Period (SIP).
		Also, the pottery that had been imported from northern Canaan and the Levant was replaced in Levels d/1 and G by Tell el-Yehudiyah ware and pottery from southern Canaan [Bietak p.
	www.ldolphin.org /alanm/exod2b.html (14050 words)

	A CHRONOLOGICAL MODEL FOR THE BIBLE: Part 1. THE EXODUS, JOSHUA AND JUDGES
		Josephus quotes Manetho that Ahmose I of the 18th Dynasty attacked the Hyksos stronghold at Avaris and drove them into Syria where they built Jerusalem.
		However, a contemporary inscription from the tomb of Ahmose, an army officer of pharaoh Ahmose I, says that the Hyksos withdrew to Sharuhen where Ahmose I besieged them 3 years and took the city [Wilson, 1969c, p.
		In the book of Exodus the Pharaoh refused to let the Israelites go but God compelled him by plagues.
	www.ldolphin.org /montgochron.html (6388 words)

	Timeline 3300 to 1300 BCE
		During his reign he defeated the Hyksos led by Apophis.
		Ahmose engaged the Hyksos at their city of Avaris, and the city of Sharuhen for three years.
		Thebes (which encompassed the site known today as Luxor) was the chief city of Egypt.
	timelines.ws /0B3300_1300BC.HTML (8960 words)

	Selected short readings from ANET
		Then his majesty gave them to me to be slaves.
		Then (15) Sharuhen was besieged for three years.
		Thereupon I carried off spoil from there: two women and a hand.
	www.bu.edu /anep/ANET.html (8455 words)

	Traveljournals.net - Sharuhen, HaDarom, Israel - Location on world map, coordinates and short facts
		Traveljournals.net - Sharuhen, HaDarom, Israel - Location on world map, coordinates and short facts
		/ Explore / Israel / Locations / Sharuhen, HaDarom
		Maps and coordinates for Sharuhen, HaDarom, Israel are approximative and not valid for navigation.
	www.traveljournals.net /explore/israel/map/m1123011/sharuhen.html (71 words)

	[No title]
		Beth Shan remained an Egyptian colony with houses built according to Egyptian style, complete with door lintel inscriptions in hieroglyphics.
		Egyptian architectural structures, square-shaped houses made of mud-brick, occur at Aphek, Ashdod, Beth Shan (1550 and 1700 houses), Gaza, Hesi, Jemmeh, Joppa, Tell el-Farah S (Sharuhen) and Tell Masos and Tell esh- Sharia (Ziklag).
		The Timna copper mines continue to be controlled until perhaps Ramesis VI.
	www.bu.edu /anep/Ir.html (9191 words)

	Bible Query from Joshua
		Furthermore two of Simeon’s cities are jointly with Judah in the western foothills: Ashan and Ether, yet the sum of the western foothill cities matches.
		Also note that four of Simeon’s cities are nowhere listed in Judah: Bethul, Beth Marcaboth, Hazar Susah, Sharuhen.
		The Believer’s Bible Commentary p.251 and The Bible Knowledge Commentary : Old Testament p.359 hold to this view, with the seven common towns being Beersheba, Eltodad, Ezem, Hazar Shual, Hormah, Moladah, and Ziklag.
	www.biblequery.org /josh.htm (14682 words)

	Ethics of Ancient Egypt by Sanderson Beck
		Soldiers, who proved they had killed enemies by bringing back their hands, were rewarded with gold, land, and captives as personal slaves, fostering a military aristocracy.
		After driving the Hyksos off of Egyptian land, the Asiatics were besieged at Sharuhen in southern Palestine for three years, and then additional campaigns were made by Ahmose in Nubia to replace the Kush as the power receiving tribute.
		After conquering the Kush, Ahmose had to return twice to put down insurrections.
	www.san.beck.org /EC4-Egypt.html (15184 words)

	Hebrewhabiruslaves
		Perhaps some survivors fled eastward to the Hill country to link up with the Habiru ?
		With them, they may have brought garbled memories of their Hyksos ancestors who settled at Sharuhen (Tell el Ajjul near Gaza ?) who were expelled by Egyptians.
		The memory of an expulsion from Egypt combined with Habiru notions of being slaves in one's own land of the Egyptians, eventually came to be reformatted as Hebrews in an Egyptian Captivity, fleeing that captivity and eventually reclaiming the Promised Land.
	www.bibleorigins.net /Hebrewhabiruslaves.html (7960 words)

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