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Topic: Shasta crayfish

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	Mount Shasta Annotated Bibliography - Chapter 31
		Shasta holds the promise of containing plants and trees which perhaps have evolved in some way independently of outside influences.
		shastensis), Shasta Daisy (--), Shasta Arnica (Arnica viscosa), Shasta Eupatory (Eupatorium shastense), Shasta Fern (Polystichum Lemmonii), Shasta Clover (Trifolium productum), Shasta Paintbrush (Castelleja arachnoidea spp.
		He will tell you that in the hearts of these trees there is the reverberation of the storm, the roaring of the winds, the thundering of cataracts, the rustle of spring, the warmth of summer sunshine, the sadness of autumn and the white silence of winter.
	www.siskiyous.edu /shasta/bib/B31.htm (6513 words)

	2000 Annual Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Shasta crayfish are slow to develop, taking up to five years to reach maturity, and produce small numbers of offspring.
		Signal crayfish are both competitors and predators that are known to decrease the growth rate and survivorship of Shasta crayfish.
		The new culverts, along with eradication surveys for signal crayfish are essential to the continued survival of the Spring Creek population of Shasta crayfish.
	www.cantaratrustees.org /reports/2000/grant_highlights3.htm (206 words)

	Sierra Nevada Forest Plan Amendment: Library > Related Information > Biological Assessment for the Preferred ...
		General Distribution: The Shasta crayfish (Pacifastacus fortis) historically occurred in the streams and lakes of the Fall River, Hat Creek, and Pit River drain-ages (Eng and Daniels 1982).
		The importance of predation on Shasta crayfish populations dynamics is unknown.
		Summary: The Shasta crayfish occurs in cool, clear, spring-fed, usually lentic and slow-to-moderate flowing lakes, rivers, and streams, usually at or near a spring water source, where the annual water temperature does not fluctuate much and the waters remain cool during the summer.
	www.fs.fed.us /r5/snfpa/library/archives/bio-assess/effects/species/crayfish.html (1845 words)

	Biological Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The levees are not currently being repaired or maintained because of the presence of Shasta crayfish, and the resulting flooding has provided an opportunity to return of the property to its natural, wetland habitat condition.
		Shasta crayfish from this population are found in small groups along the McArthur Swamp levee, as well as across the river adjacent to Horr Pond and in Big Lake.
		Materials placed in the water for levee repair or improvement would be less favorable for Shasta crayfish habitat (i.e., lava cobble), avoiding the creation of substrate habitat unsuitable to Shasta crayfish than imported materials, and thus minimize continued degradation of Shasta crayfish habitat near their existing populations.
	www.pgedivest.com /swaps/swapch_2iv.html (5533 words)

	Shasta Land Trust
		Shasta Land Trust began 2005 by adding River Ranch to the lands under its stewardship.
		The 1,467 acre ranch near Fall River Mills in eastern Shasta County includes nearly three miles of frontage along Fall River, which is one of the top ten trout streams in the country.
		The Fall River is home to the federally endangered Shasta Crayfish (Pacifiastacus fortis) and teeming with native wild rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
	www.shastalandtrust.org /riverranch.htm (246 words)

	Sherpa Guides \| Southeast \| Aquatic Fauna In Peril \| Resource Management of Freshwater Crustaceans in the Southeastern ...
		The surface water dwellers are restricted typically either to lotic or lentic habitats, and may be part of the benthic (e.g., isopods, amphipods, and crayfishes), nektonic (e.g., shrimp), or planktonic (e.g., copepods and cladocerans) communities in those habitats (Covich and Thorp, 1991).
		Hart and Clark (1989) provided approximately 11,000 citations for crayfishes under a variety of subject headings, but did not have a heading entitled "conservation." These are not oversights, but are instead reflections of the lack of scientific work that has been done in the conservation of freshwater crustaceans.
		Crayfishes have been used both for food and bait for many years and, therefore, have been widely introduced.
	www.sherpaguides.com /southeast/aquatic_fauna/chapter_11 (5139 words)

	SURVIVAL STRATEGY FOR AGE-OLD SHASTA CRAYFISH OUTLINED IN RECOVERY PLAN
		The primary threats to Shasta crayfish are the introduction and expansion of non-native species of crayfish, and fishes and disturbances related to land use practices.
		Signal crayfish are rapidly expanding their abundance and range and must be controlled to prevent the extinction of Shasta crayfish.
		The primary threats to the Shasta crayfish are the introduction and expansion of non-native species of crayfish and the disturbances related to land use practices.
	pacific.fws.gov /news/1999/shasta.htm (2223 words)

	CALIFORNIA'S PLANTS AND ANIMALS
		Unlike other crayfish, this crayfish is primarily herbivorous, feeding upon the periphyton (composed of benthic algae and diatoms, flocculent organic detritus, and small benthic invertebrates) which forms a surface film upon volcanic rock substrates.
		The Shasta crayfish is limited to the mid sections of the Pit River drainage, primarily the Fall River and Hat Creek drainages in Shasta County.
		Competition with and predation by signal crayfish, an invasive nonnative species, is one factor contributing to the Shasta crayfish's decline.
	www.dfg.ca.gov /hcpb/cgi-bin/read_one.asp?specy=invertebrates&idNum=2 (783 words)

	Endangered Species Bulletin: Crayfish: an overlooked fauna
		Crayfish represent one of the largest aquatic faunal groups in North America north of Mexico, with approximately 353 known species, or nearly two-thirds of the world's crayfish fauna.
		Almost all crayfish in the United States occur east of the Continental Divide and comprise the family Cambaridae (335 taxa), primarily in the genera Cambarus, Procambarus, and Orconectes.
		Crayfish are susceptible to habitat damage caused by impoundments, stream channelization, pollution, and sedimentation.
	www.looksmartjrhigh.com /p/articles/mi_m0ASV/is_2_28/ai_101569185 (1148 words)

	DOE/EIS-0232 Western Area Power Administration Central Valley Project
		The Shasta Division is operated to meet flood control objectives, water supply demands along the Sacramento River and in the Bay/Delta, and water quality and minimum flow requirements in the Sacramento River and the Bay/Delta.
		The Shasta crayfish is restricted to Shasta County in the Pit River Drainage and is found in and along the streams.
		Shasta salamanders are found within the chaparral, woodland habitats, and conifer habitats that occur on the limestone formations in the vicinity of Shasta Lake.
	www.eh.doe.gov /nepa/eis/eis-0232/html/chap3.htm (12684 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Availability of Draft Recovery Plan for the Shasta Crayfish (Pacifastacus fortis) for Review and ...
		SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Background The distribution of the Shasta crayfish is limited to the midsections of the Pit River drainage, primarily the Fall River and Hat Creek subdrainages in Shasta County, California.
		Overall, Shasta crayfish populations have low abundance and fragmented distribution with migration and genetic exchange between populations limited by hydroelectric development and habitat loss.
		Shasta crayfish primarily live in cool, clear, spring-fed headwaters that are characterized by clean volcanic cobbles and boulders on top of sand or gravel.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-SPECIES/1997/September/Day-30/e25845.htm (728 words)

	Hydrology and Water Quality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Shasta County’s Division of Environmental Health, within the Department of Resource Management, is charged with the responsibility of enforcement of pertinent California health laws, rules, regulations, and Shasta County ordinances.
		According to the Shasta County Grading Ordinance, a grading permit is required for activities involving movement of earth materials in excess of 250 cubic yards or that disturbs 10,000 square feet or more of surface area.
		The Shasta County Environmental Health Department conducts a grading permit inspection and is responsible for ensuring compliance on the ground.
	www.pgedivest.com /swaps/swapch_2viii.html (2414 words)

	SURVIVAL STRATEGY FOR AGE-OLD SHASTA CRAYFISH OUTLINED IN DRAFT RECOVERY PLAN
		Shasta crayfish are believed to have remained relatively unchanged during the period of recorded time.
		Shasta crayfish primarily live in cool, clear, spring-fed headwaters with clean volcanic cobbles and boulders on top of sand or gravel.
		After non-native signal crayfish invaded the Sucker Springs Creek population in 1996, operations at California Department of Fish and Game's Pit River Fish Hatchery were suspended pending an evaluation of the compatibility of these activities with maintaining a healthy Shasta crayfish population.
	pacific.fws.gov /news/1997/97106nr.htm (616 words)

	Nonindigenous Crustaceans
		The rusty crayfish is native to western Ohio, eastern Indiana, and Kentucky.
		The virile crayfish is native from Saskatchewan to Ontario, Canada, and from Montana and Utah to Arkansas, New York, and possibly southwestern Maine.
		The virile crayfish matures at one year and produces up to 443 eggs while the Shasta crayfish matures at 4 years and produces 10-70 eggs.
	cars.er.usgs.gov /posters/Nonindigenous/Nonindigenous_Crustaceans/nonindigenous_crustaceans.html (1599 words)

	A Statistical Tour of California's Great Central Valley
		Shasta County reaches into forested areas to the north of the valley.
		This is the highest percentage among all of the Central Valley counties except for Tulare (52 percent), but only slightly over Madera and Fresno, all of which extend well to the east of the valley proper.
		Immediately south of Shasta County, Tehama County is lightly populated.
	www.library.ca.gov /CRB/97/09 (6636 words)

	Berkeley Daily Planet
		The crayfish were news to me. As it happens, this particular species—the signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus—is a protagonist in one of those ecological horror stories about invasive exotics running amuck.
		The tiny crayfish, miniatures of their mother, hatch in the spring and stay with her until after their second molt, when they strike out on their own.
		Scandinavians, like Cajuns, take their crayfish seriously (in Sweden, boiled in salted water with dill.) Their native species, the noble crayfish (Astacus astacus), was nearly wiped out by a fungal disease called the crayfish plague that first struck in 1907.
	www.berkeleydaily.org /text/article.cfm?issue=05-17-05&storyID=21428 (951 words)

	issg Database: Ecology of Pacifastacus leniusculus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In addition, it acts as a vector for the crayfish plague fungus, Aphanomyces astaci, to which all non-North American crayfish are susceptible, but to which it is relatively immune.
		However, in Finland it coexisted with the noble crayfish, (see Astacus astacus in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species), in a lake for 30 years, before reproductive interference led to the demise of the latter species (Westman et al.
		Juveniles undergo as many as 11 moults during their first year, but by age 3 this is reduced to two moults per year, and by age 4 onwards to one moult per year (Lewis, 2002).
	issg.appfa.auckland.ac.nz /database/species/ecology.asp?si=725&fr=1&... (1684 words)

	Water Flow Abnormally high in some Northern California Streams - Thread II [Free Republic]
		Shasta Dam was completed in 1945, the keystone of the vast Central Valley Project.
		Shasta Lake is the largest reservoir in California, with the capacity to store 4.5 million acre-feet - enough water to cover the entire city of San Francisco to a depth of 178 feet.
		Naviagtion, fish, irrigation, and domestic water are all "higher" uses of Shasta water than the generation of electricity under the rules that Shasta operates under.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3b227ece351b.htm (7099 words)

	Spring Rivers: Endangered Species Recovery Measures
		The native crayfish community includes the federally and state-listed endangered Shasta crayfish, Pacifastacus fortis (Faxon, 1914) and the Branchiobdellida or crayfish worm, Magmatodrilus obscurus (Goodnight, 1940).
		She wrote the draft Shasta crayfish Recovery Plan for the California Department of Fish and Game and worked with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to produce the final Recovery Plan for the Shasta Crayfish.
		Crayfish at the top is a female and the crayfish at the bottom is a male.
	www.springrivers.com /endangered_species.asp (277 words)

	Crayfish, raising crayfish, crayfish dissections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		CENTRAL QUEENSLAND CRAYFISH is a 5 hectare (29 ponds) commercial freshwater crayfish crayfish.
		The behavior and brain activity of sleeping crayfish is surprisingly similar to that of.
		Tasmanias forestry debate has taken another twist with suggestions that logging is threatening populations of the worlds largest freshwater crayfish The.
	www.food-dye.com /crayfish.html (376 words)

	Fall River Wild Trout Foundation Pilot Dredging Project
		Populations of the Shasta Crayfish have survived in the upper Fall River in several small areas of exposed lava cobble substrate found in the few places not inundated by sediment.
		The Shasta Crayfish (Pacifastacus fortis) is listed at both the state and federal level, and the state has also listed the Rough Sculpin (Cottus asperrimus).
		Post-project changes in the extent of Shasta Crayfish habitat would be monitored by the Fall River Wild Trout Foundation.
	users.rcn.com /ccate/FRWTFPilotDredge.html (4252 words)

	[No title]
		The introduction of the predatory Nile Perch, together with intensified fishing efforts appear to be responsible for the decline in this particular species.
		A small crayfish limited to the Pit River basin, California, USA.
		The few remaining populations are threatened by introduced crayfishes, stream modification and pollution.
	www.biodiv.org /gbo/chap-01/chap-01-04.asp (1968 words)

	Threatened and Endganered Species
		In addition, one aquatic invertebrate, the Shasta crayfish, is state and federally listed as endangered.
		At the landscape level, home range size was found to be negatively correlated with the proportion of late seral-stage forest in the home range, and breeding densities were negatively correlated with the amount of forest fragmentation (Carey et al.
		It is considered an extremely scarce resident in California, the known former habitat extending from Del Norte and Trinity counties east through Siskiyou and Shasta Counties, and south through the Sierra Nevada to Tulare County.
	www.pitriveralliance.net /comcentr/library/fishwild/threatnd.html (1743 words)

	The Intellectual Activist
		Plans to build a pair of 48 MW geothermal plants near Medicine Lake are facing the kind of obstacles environmentalists used to reserve for oil drilling.
		Local environmental groups claim that the project threatens the system of lava tubes and volcanic aquifers surrounding the lake and that the Shasta crayfish, an endangered species, might be affected.
		In May, a group of geothermal producers went to Washington, DC, to complain to the Bush Administration that the projects they've pursued on federal lands have been held up by the Department of the Interior for up to 20 years.
	www.tiadaily.com /aboutEnvironmentalism.html (3411 words)

	Endangered Species Bulletin: Crayfish: an overlooked fauna
		Whether you know them as mudbugs, ditch bugs, river lobsters, crawlybottoms, crawdads, or crawfish, anyone who has spent time in streams is familiar with crayfish.
		They live 1.5 to 3.5 years, but troglobitic crayfish species may live several decades.
		Crayfish play many important roles in their ecosystems.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0ASV/is_2_28/ai_101569185 (1113 words)

	High Country News -- June 19, 2000: Crawdads colonize the West’s waterways (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Once established, crayfish don’t just feed the fish - they feed on fish, and on just about anything else they can get their pincers around.
		Fernandez and 10 helpers pulled more than 2,000 crayfish out of a short stretch of the stream one morning last summer, but missed others that had burrowed out of reach.
		In Northern California, the non-native signal crayfish is displacing the native Shasta crayfish, an endangered species.
	www.hcn.org /servlets/hcn.URLRemapper/2000/jun19/dir/Western_Crawdads_c.html (932 words)

	Fall River FERC 2687-014 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE RELICENSING OF THE PIT NO. 1
		Shasta crayfish habitat by importing lava rocks to help to stabilize
		and indirect (sedimentation) adverse impacts on Shasta crayfish.
		Shasta crayfish populations by enabling coordination of PGandE's
	users.rcn.com /ccate/FallJul98.html (9339 words)

	Three Mountain Power Plant Project, Docket No
		On March 3, 1999 applicant Ogden Corporation filed its Application for Certification for the nominal 500 MW Three Mountain Power Plant Project to be located in the Burney Valley of northeastern Shasta County, about one mile from the town of Burney, approximately 45 miles east of Redding.
		CEC staff and the intervenors believed that the project impacts upon Burney Falls and the water basin appeared to be significant.
		The water impacts also had the potential to cause adverse biological impacts, negatively affecting sensitive/protected species (the Shasta crayfish) that relied upon existing springs.
	powerplanting.homestead.com /files/ThreeMountain.htm (1010 words)

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