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Topic: Shear modulus

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	Shear modulus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Shear modulus is usually measured in ksi (thousands of pounds per square inch) or GPa (gigapascals).
		The shear modulus is one of several quantities for measuring the strength of materials.
		Young's modulus describes the material's response to linear strain (like pulling on the ends of a wire), the bulk modulus describes the material's response to uniform pressure, and the shear modulus describes the material's response to shearing strains.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shear_modulus (210 words)

	[No title]
		Shear properties determined using these different test methods are generally considered to be equivalent, but limited research has verified this assumption.
		The average shear modulus determined by the FPBT was highest followed by the torsion test.
		The average shear moduli results for MSR lumber determined by the FPBT and three-point bending tests were significantly lower than the average shear modulus determined by the torsion test.
	filebox.vt.edu /s/sharriso/abstract.doc (594 words)

	Multiaxial Mechanical Behavior of 63Sn-37Pb Solder
		Young's modulus was calculated by measuring the slope of the initial linear region of the stress-strain plot.
		Shear modulus can be calculated from the torque-twist plots by measuring the slope of the initial linear portion of the curve and substituting this value for M/Q in equation 2.
		Shear yield strength however, as shown in figure 12, is strongly dependent on strain rate as was the tensile yield strength.
	www.metallurgy.nist.gov /mechanical_properties/solder_tension_torsion_pub.html (4052 words)

	Shear modulus of porcine coronary artery: contributions of media and adventitia -- Lu et al. 285 (5): 1966 -- AJP - ...
		shear modulus of the adventitia from that of the intact vessel
		of the shear modulus on the circumferential and longitudinal
		literature on the shear modulus of the coronary artery or its
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/285/5/H1966 (4334 words)

	Shear modulus of polyelectrolyte gels under electric field
		The shear modulus of two polyelectrolyte gels poly(acrylic acid), a weak acid with small side groups, and poly(2-acrylamide-2- methylpropane sulfonic acid), a strong acid with large side groups, have been measured with and without application of an electric field across a gel sample swollen with water to equilibrium.
		In the absence of electric field the shear modulus of PAMPS gels made to different crosslink degrees is shown to be inversely proportional to the swelling degree, in accord with theoretical prediction.
		Preliminary measurements of the reduction of shear modulus under pulsed electric field have been obtained and an unexpected recovery of the initial modulus is seen on all subsequent applications of the field, before the continued reduction to successively lower values.
	stacks.iop.org /0953-8984/13/1381 (385 words)

	Guide to Rheological Nomenclature: Measurements in Ceramic Particulate Systems
		Dynamic equilibrium is achieved during steady shear flow when break down and rebuilding of structure occur at similar rates, and the viscosity is constant at a given shear rate.
		shear compliance, J The ratio of shear strain to its corresponding shear stress.
		shear modulus [modulus of rigidity], G The ratio of shear stress to its corresponding shear strain.
	ciks.cbt.nist.gov /~garbocz/SP946/node6.htm (1269 words)

	[No title]
		Young's Modulus of Elasticity is defined as the ratio of stress (force per unit area) to corresponding strain (deformation) in a material under tension or compression.
		Shear Modulus of Elasticity is similar to the ratio of stress to strain in a material subjected to shear stress.
		Since modulus is expressed as a force per unit area, it is necessary to multiply the solution of the above equation by a mass/force conversion constant.
	www.olympusndt.com /fr/applications-and-solutions/ndt-theory/elastic-modulus-measurement (735 words)

	Shear modulus of elastomers; we design, sell o-rings.
		Shear Modulus: The shear modulus is an important property in design calculations for elastomers used in shear.
		The resulting ratio of the shear stress to shear strain is the shear modulus.
		The tangent of this angle “tan ð,” in the simplest terms, is the ratio of the viscous modulus to the elastic modulus.
	www.pspglobal.com /properties-shear-modulus.html (269 words)

	Cure system effect on low temperature dynamic shear modulus of natural rubber. - Journal, Magazine, Article, Periodical
		Unfortunately, rubber properties, including modulus, are affected by time, temperature, strain history, frequency, etc. The rapid increase in modulus at lower temperatures may be avoided, to a degree, in formulation development by using polymers with very low Tgs such as polybutadiene (BR) or silicone (MVQ).
		The methodology for measuring lower temperature shear modulus was explored on a servohydraulic dynamic tester.
		Modulus measurements were made using dual lap shear samples on a servohydraulic dynamic test machine (ref. 3).
	goliath.ecnext.com /coms2/summary_0199-1210951_ITM (608 words)

	THEORY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The effect of free gas on velocities of unconsolidated sediments is modeled by the BGT with parameters derived from water-saturated sediments using the BGTL as demonstrated by Lee (2004).
		The difference between the BGT and BGTL is in the calculation of shear modulus of water-saturated sediments.
		The difference between the BGT and the BGTL is the method of calculating the shear modulus of the water-saturated sediments.
	www-odp.tamu.edu /publications/204_SR/103/103_3.htm (641 words)

	Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Sonic ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Dynamic Young's modulus is determined using the resonant frequency in the flexural mode of vibration.
		The dynamic shear modulus, or modulus of rigidity, is found using torsional resonant vibrations.
		The actual modulus of each specimen need not be determined as long as the limits of the selected frequency range are known to include the resonant frequency that the specimen must possess if its geometry and mass are within specified tolerances.
	webstore.ansi.org /ansidocstore/product.asp?sku=ASTM+C1198-01 (576 words)

	Shear Modulus -- from Eric Weisstein's World of Physics
		The shear modulus therefore has units of pressure.
		The shear modulus can be derived exactly from elasticity theory, where it turns out to be the constant known as the first Lamé constant and is given in terms of the Poisson ratio
		radians in a bar of length l and radius r, the shear modulus is given by
	scienceworld.wolfram.com /physics/ShearModulus.html (154 words)

	Effect of depth-dependent shear modulus on tsunami generation along subduction zones
		Under the assumption that stress drop is constant, the increase of source duration is explained by a 5-fold reduction of shear modulus from depths of 20 km to 5 km.
		This much lower value of shear modulus at shallow depths in comparison to standard earth models has the effect of increasing the amount of slip estimated from seismic moment determinations, thereby increasing tsunami amplitude.
		The effect of using depth dependent shear modulus values is tested by modeling the tsunami from the 1992 Nicaraguan tsunami earthquake using a previously determined moment distribution (Ihmlé, 1996a).
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2001/2000GL012385.shtml (294 words)

	Shear Modulus of Standard Pultruded Fiber Reinforced Plastic Material (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		It is found that different test methods have given shear moduli data in the range from 1.3 to 5.1 GPa, with varying degrees of scatter.
		By applying micromechanical modeling, it is shown that the in-plane shear modulus of the continuous unidirectional rovings layer is similar to that of the continuous filament (or strand) mat layer, and that these layer moduli, generally, lie in the range 3.5 to 4.8 GPa (depending on fiber volume fraction).
		For structural profiles, it is seen that the shear modulus of 3 GPa in company design manuals is often less than measured.
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?0406708 (251 words)

	Finding the Shear Modulus and the Bulk Modulus
		The shear modulus G, is defined as the ratio of shear stress to engineering shear strain on the loading plane,
		The shear modulus G is also known as the rigidity modulus, and is equivalent to the 2nd Lamé constant
		Since both G and the elastic modulus E are required to be positive, the quantity in the denominator of G must also be positive.
	www.efunda.com /formulae/solid_mechanics/mat_mechanics/elastic_constants_G_K.cfm (406 words)

	Compression, Bearing, & Shear
		Shear properties are primarily used in the design of mechanically fastened components, webs, and torsion members, and other components subject to parallel, opposing loads.
		Shear properties are dependant on the type of shear test and their is a variety of different standard shear tests that can be performed including the single-shear test, double-shear test, blanking-shear test, torsion-shear test and others.
		The shear modulus of elasticity is considered a basic shear property.
	www.ndt-ed.org /EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Mechanical/Compression.htm (525 words)

	Elastic modulus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An elastic modulus, or modulus of elasticity, is the mathematical description of an object or substance's tendency to be deformed when a force is applied to it.
		Young's modulus is a mathematical consequence of the Pauli exclusion principle.
		The shear modulus is part of the derivation of viscosity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Modulus_of_elasticity (428 words)

	Shear and Stress
		Calculate the change in length of a square concrete pillar with a cross section of 6 in by 6 in and 3 ft long that is place under a load of 10,000 lb.
		Shear stress, or just shear, is similar to stress, except that the force is applied such that the material is sheared or twisted.
		In general, the shear modulus is less than the elastic modulus.
	www.uvi.edu /Physics/SCI3xxWeb/Structure/ShearStress.html (1298 words)

	Strain Rate Effects on Shear Modulus and Damping of Normally Consolidated Clay
		A laboratory investigation into the effects of shear strain rate on shear modulus and hysteretic damping of normally consolidated clays was carried out.
		When the frequency of loading was changed between 0.005 and 0.1 Hz, the equivalent shear modulus was insensitive to the rate of shear straining.
		On the basis of the test results, it is concluded that when applying the results of laboratory cyclic loading tests to the analysis of in situ cyclic loading problems, the effects of shear strain rate on hysteretic damping should be properly evaluated to match the frequency of loading expected in the field.
	www.astm.org /JOURNALS/GEOTECH/PAGES/126.htm (258 words)

	TORSION
		Also, note that the shear stress is zero at the angles where we have the maximum and minimum normal stresses.
		Ductile materials fail in shear and, therefore, a shaft made from a ductile material and under torsion will have a break surface that is perpendicular to the axis of the bar.
		Note that this expression states that the shear modulus, the elastic modulus, and Poisson's ratio are not independent.
	em-ntserver.unl.edu /negahban/Em325/08-Pure-shear/Pure-shear.htm (692 words)

	Shear Modulus of Elasticity
		Alternate terms are modulus of rigidity and modulus of elasticity in shear.
		Also, shear modulus of elasticity usually is equal to Torsional Modulus of Elasticity.
		A method for determining shear modulus of elasticity of structural materials by means of a twisting test is given in ASTM E-143.
	www.instron.com /wa/resourcecenter/glossaryterm.aspx?ID=132 (89 words)

	shear definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		Shear is chiefly used as a verb, meaning "remove something with a sharp tool," "deprive somebody of something valuable" (as in shear them of their self-respect), or "deform or break by a twisting force": The head of the bolt has sheared off.
		Shears is a plural noun denoting a cutting tool.
		The most commonly used word spelled sheer is chiefly used as an adjective, meaning "complete and utter," "vertical," or "thin and almost transparent" (as in sheer folly, a sheer drop, sheer fabric).
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults.aspx?refid=1861735549 (357 words)

	Equal shear modulus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		A result that can be very useful in testing elastic programs is the equal shear modulus result, true for any microstructure [21,22].
		We choose the same cubic image as was used for the small contrast in conductivity case to test the equal shear moduli result.
		In 2-D, a test of the equal shear moduli result can be combined with a test of the effect of digital resolution by considering the checkerboard problem.
	ciks.cbt.nist.gov /garbocz/manual/node29.html (359 words)

	Method fabricating load-bearing composites free from microbuckling deformation up to a predetermined load - Patent ...
		The Young's modulus, E.sub.c, and the shear modulus G.sub.c, are calculated for the composite.
		The area representing the fiber is assigned material properties of Young's modulus and shear modulus as have been experimentally measured for the particular fiber material being considered.
		The Young's modulus and shear modulus may be calculated in any manner known to those skilled in the art, such as by the finite element analysis of the preferred embodiment.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5154788.html (3191 words)

	Menu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		For shear stresses, the quantities used in the equations are slightly different.
		There is a shear modulus which is analogous to the elastic (Young's) modulus.
		The elastic modulus is typically measured in tension, but most materials behave differently in compression and tension.
	www.bergen.org /EST/Backup/Year4/Current_Project/theory.htm (2017 words)

	Modulus of Rigidity
		Shear Modulus or Modulus of Rigidity is the coefficient of elasticity for a shearing or torsion force
		Modulus of Rigidity (or Shear Modulus) is the coefficient of elasticity for a shearing force.
		Modulus of Rigidity can be experimentally determined from the slope of a stress-strain curve created during tensile tests conducted on a sample of the material.
	www.engineeringtoolbox.com /modulus-rigidity-d_946.html (301 words)

	Deformation characteristics of the reconstituted moraine samples at small strain level
		Besides conventional laboratory tests, e.g.; the routine triaxial test and simple shear test, it was decided that the dynamic properties of the material should also be determined since, the landslide is located in a seismically very active area.
		The normalized modulus reduction curves depend on the confining pressure, but they are very little affected by density or different water content for a given tested soil.
		The initial shear modulus of the reconstituted moraine samples normalized by the void ratio function increases with the increasing level of the effective confining stress.
	www.acadjournal.com /2004/v11/Part7/p1/index.htm (1990 words)

	Strain Gages for Shear Modulus Testing of Composite Materials: Strain Gage Listings
		Shear Modulus Sensors are specifically designed to accommodate the unique specimen geometries and strain-field distributions encountered when testing composite materials for shear properties.
		Two popular specimens for in-plane shear modulus testing of composites are the losipescu and compact designs.
		Since strain gages have the unique characteristic of integrating the surface strain field under their grids, average specimen strain is automatically obtained by spanning the entire length of either specimen's test section.
	www.vishay.com /brands/measurements_group/guide/500/lists/smg_list.htm (330 words)

	[No title]
		The equipment may also be used for determining the adhesive's shear creep compliance, the effects of strain history such as cyclic loading upon shear properties, and a failure criteria for biaxial stress conditions such as shear plus tension and shear plus compression.
		The practical upper limit on the shear modulus that can be measured is determined by the shear modulus of the adherends and by the strain measuring device.
		Thus, the practical limit of adhesive shear modulus that can be measured using high-density wood adherends is about 1 X 10 psi (690 MPa).
	fhwapap04.fhwa.dot.gov /nhswp/servlet/GetASTMPub?des=D4027 (273 words)

	Shear Modulus and Damping Relationships for Gravels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Because both shear modulus and damping are strain dependent, curves must be developed to define their variation with shear strain.
		The mean curve for the normalized shear modulus reported for gravelly soil in this study falls near the mean curve reported for sands by Seed and Idriss in 1970.
		The normalized shear modulus curve is dependent on confining pressure, but essentially independent of sample disturbance, relative density, and gradation.
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?9801482 (234 words)

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