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Topic: Shear strength

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	Shear stress - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In physics, shear stress is a stress state in which the shape of a material tends to change (usually by "sliding" forces -- torque by transversely-acting forces) without particular volume change.
		Structural members in pure shear stress are the torsion bars and the driveshafts in automobiles.
		Shear stress vectors are relevant to the motion of fluids upon surfaces, which result in the generation of shear stress.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shear_stress (292 words)

	SHEAR STRENGTH TESTING OF SOLID OXYGEN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The approximate shear strength of solid oxygen was measured as a function of temperature, increasing from 0.31 MPa at 45 K, to 4.46 MPa at 18 K. Solid oxygen was found to undergo plastic deformation at high temperatures, becoming increasingly strong and brittle as its temperature is decreased.
		Shearing at the outer part of the bolt is not believed to contribute to the peak shear value except for the data taken at 45 K, because the shearing elongation had caused the solid oxygen to break free from the bolt surface well before the peak shear stress was reached.
		The fact that the measured shear strength is almost the same at 30 K and 4 K implies that the bulk strength of the solid oxygen is probably not the controlling factor, since the grooved bolt shearing tests imply a strength increase of almost a factor of 2.
	www.tvu.com /ShearStrSO2web.htm (5397 words)

	Shear
		Clothing cut on the shear is less stiff and follows the shape of the wearer's body more closely than clothing cut parallel to the weave.
		Wind shear is a difference in wind speed or direction between two wind currents in the atmosphere.
		In lockpicking a cylinder lock, the shear line is where the inner cylinder ends and the outer cylinder begins.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/s/sh/shear.html (185 words)

	[No title]
		The shipboard shear strength is checked for errors if the observer recorded the values that he obtained from the curve.
		Since the maximum stress value chosen to calculate the shipboard shear strengths is not known, minor discrepancies between the shipboard and DSDP shear strengths are not corrected.
		The DSDP shear strength, for Torvane data, is simply a recalculation of the conversion from tons per square foot to grams per square centimeter.
	www.ngdc.noaa.gov /mgg/geology/dsdp/doc/vane.txt (2464 words)

	Strength of materials Article, Strengthmaterials Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Strength of materials is the scientific area of applied mechanics for the study of the strength ofengineering materials and their mechanical behaviour in general (such as stress, deformation, strain andstress-strain relations).
		Strength is considered in terms of compressive strength, tensile strength, and shear strength, namely the limit states of compressive stress, tensile stress and shear stress respectively.
		Shear stress is caused when a force is applied toproduce a sliding failure of a material along a plane that is parallel to the direction of the applied forcee.g.
	www.anoca.org /stress/terms/strength_of_materials.html (761 words)

	FRICTION OF 2:1 SHEET SILICATES - HOW CRYSTAL STRUCTURE INFLUENCES SHEAR STRENGTH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Overall, the coefficient of friction (=shear stress/effective normal stress) of a given mineral correlates directly with its calculated (001) bond strength; the water-saturated values range from about 0.2 for talc to 0.7 for the brittle micas margarite and clintonite (typically, the coefficient of friction is about 0.8 for major rock-forming minerals at these conditions).
		Shear of the gouge layers is highly localized to a few major shear planes in which the platy grains are oriented parallel to the shear surfaces.
		The wide range in the water-saturated coefficient of friction reflects the strength of the bonding of the water films to the plate surfaces, which in turn is a function of the strengths of the important contributors to the (001) bond.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2003AM/finalprogram/abstract_61172.htm (516 words)

	Shear Strength Characteristics of PVC Geomembrane
		The direct shear tests were also conducted at the same normal stresses used in the ring shear tests to ensure an accurate comparison of the shear stress-displacement relationships and peak and residual shear strengths.
		Shear tests were performed to determine the effect of a faille finish on the shear strength of PVC geomembrane/nonwoven geotextile interfaces.
		The higher interface shear strengths for the PVC geomembrane/GT2 interface than the drainage composite interface is attributed to the larger contact area for the GT2 geotextile versus the area corresponding to the geonet in the drainage composite.
	www.geomembrane.com /friction/PVCShearStrength.htm (9215 words)

	Principal Metals
		Plastic deformation by irreversible shear displacement of one part of a crystal relative to another in a definite crystallographic direction and on a definite crystallographic plane.
		Shearing strain is the change in angle (expressed in radians) between two reference lines originally at right angles.
		Shearing strain (or shear strain) is the change in angle (expressed in radians) between two lines originally at right angles.
	www.principalmetals.com /glossary/sdoc.htm (4717 words)

	THE ENGINEERING CHARACTERISTICS OF IMPORTANT SOUTHERN AFRICAN ROCK TYPES WITH EMPHASIS ON SHEAR STRENGTH OF CONCRETE ...
		The three major characteristics determining the shear strength parameters of this type of joint are (i) the base shear strength of the rock material, (ii) the roughness profile along the joint surface and (iii) the hardness of the material on the joint surface.
		This study also contributes to the knowledge on shear strength of southern African rocks, in particular on (i) the sampling and preparation of specimens for testing in the large shear apparatus, (ii) the measurement of the roughness of the joint surfaces and (iii) the testing procedure.
		The shear strength characteristics of the rock joints of southern African rocks are described and an attempt was made to classify joints using a geotechnical description of the joint surface.
	www.fwr.org /wrcsa/433100.htm (1492 words)

	Effect of displacement rate on residual shear strength of soils (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		This implies that after the shear failure of a mass of a soil mass the shear strength does not simply drop to a constant residual value, but rather depends on the magnitude and rate of displacement.
		The shear strength of a soil sample, which had been sheared at a slow rate of displacement until a residual value is reached, increased to a peak strength higher than that of the slow residual when the rate of displacement is increased suddenly.
		One possible reason for the increase or decrease in the residual strength measured surface at faster displacement rates is that the changes are due to variations in the pore pressures in the slip.
	cvfeller.cv.ic.ac.uk /ruth.html (617 words)

	Shear Strength of Normal and High Strength Concrete Beams Reinforced with GFRP Reinforcing Bars
		Laboratory recorded shear strengths at failure are compared with theoretical strengths calculated using traditional steel-reinforced concrete procedures and recently published expressions for beams reinforced with FRP.
		Measured shear strengths at failure are compared with theoretical predictions calculated according to traditional steel-reinforced concrete procedures and recently published expressions for beams reinforced with FRP.
		In general, shear strength was found to be independent of the amount of longitudinal FRP reinforcement.
	www49.homepage.villanova.edu /shawn.gross/abstracts/konashear.htm (569 words)

	Device for measuring adhesive strength and shear strength of coated film - Patent 4934185
		The undercoat has its shear strength of as high as 710 kg/cm.sup.2, and its adhesive strength of 720 kg/cm.sup.2 which is in the region of cohesive failure (which corresponds to the shear strength of the coated film, and the cutting blade is in a balanced position where the value of F.sub.T becomes substantially zero).
		The intermediate coat has its shear strength of 410 kg/cm.sup.2 and its adhesive strength of 400 kg/cm.sup.2 which is in the region of cohesive failure.
		Thus, it becomes possible to measure the adhesive strength and the shear strength of each and every layer of the multi-layered coating in a simple operation and with high precision by means of the device for measuring the adhesive strength and the shear strength of the coated film according to the present invention.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4934185.html (5422 words)

	Strength of materials -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		(additional info and facts about Shear stress) Shear stress is caused when a force is applied to produce a sliding failure of a material along a plane that is parallel to the direction of the applied force e.g.
		Ultimate strength is an attribute directly related to a material, rather than just specific specimen of the material, and as such is quoted force per unit of cross section area ().
		For example, Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of mild steel is.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/st/strength_of_materials.htm (851 words)

	In-situ Vane Shear Test
		Vane shear testing is one of the most common in-situ methods for the estimation of the undrained shear strength of the soil.
		The shear strength of the material is calculated from the Torque by dividing by a constant K which depends on the dimensions and the shape of the vane.
		The plot is shear strength (corrected) vs time and the test was performed in a rate of 1degree per 10sec.
	www.geoengineer.org /vane.html (444 words)

	Calculations for Snow Shear and Tensile Strength Using a Shear Frame
		Note: Although many researchers call this the strength to load ratio, technically load is a force (newtons), so this is really the strength to stress ratio because the units are in pascals which are the units of stress.
		Thus, you can measure the shear strength in a flat area and assess the strength to stress ratio for any other slope by dividing the slope measured on the flat area by the stress (ρ" g z" sin θ).
		Thus the actual strength may be different on a 38 degree slope than it is on a zero degree slope.
	www.homepage.montana.edu /~uessc/esci450/ShearStrengthCalc.html (1350 words)

	Shear strength (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The peak strength is the maximum value of the shear stress or the maximum value of the ratio of shear stress to effective mean or normal stress.
		Stresses and displacements in a shear sample are analagous to the forces and movements of a friction block on an inclined plane.
		Critical shear stress (critical state strength) increases with increasing effective normal stress and with decreasing water content.
	fbe.uwe.ac.uk /public/geocal/SoilMech/shear/shear.htm (1136 words)

	Basic mechanics of soils (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A strength criterion is a formula which relates the strength of a material to some other parameters: these are material parameters and may include other stresses.
		For soils there are three important strength criteria: the correct criterion depends on the nature of the soil and on whether the loading is drained or undrained.
		The strength is independent of the normal stress since the response to loading simple increases the pore water pressure and not the effective stress.
	fbe.uwe.ac.uk /public/geocal/SoilMech/basic/soilbasi.htm (975 words)

	Shear Strength
		The shear strength of a material is determined by the maximum shear stress necessary to penetrate the surface of a flat specimen of the material completely.
		The shear strength test standardized by ASTM D 732 is performed with a punch tool.
		Since the test takes into account neither stress concentrators nor shear rate — to which plastics tend to be sensitive — the resultant test data can vary significantly.
	www.dow.com /sal/design/guide/shear.htm (149 words)

	A STATISTICAL APPROACH FOR PREDICTING THE SHEAR STRENGTH OF MUDROCKS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Shear strength is one of the most important properties for design of engineering structures built on or within mudrocks (shales, claystones, mudstones, siltstones, etc.), and also the most difficult to evaluate.
		This is because it is usually difficult to obtain undisturbed samples of mudrocks, due to their weak nature, required for determination of shear strength parameters.
		Data were analyzed statistically, using bivariate and multiple regression techniques, to determine the correlations between shear strength parameters and geologic and engineering properties.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2004AM/finalprogram/abstract_80803.htm (419 words)

	Session D1 - DM: Thermoplastic Response of Metal.
		These include records of shear bands in molecular crystals that show molten material exuding from deep within the crystals and the presence of heating and even failure in molecular crystals that had undergone large plastic deformation [1].
		Shear bands were generated under prescribed and controlled conditions in stainless steel(Fe-18Hat-shaped specimens, deformed in a Hopkinson bar were used, yielding strain rates of approximately 104s-1 and shear strains that could be varied between 1 and 100.Specimens recovered from the collapse of thick-walled cylinders were also investigated.
		As a means of observing the strength of a material the lateral stress in the sample may be monitored along with the longitudinal stress so allowing a direct measurement in uniaxial strain as the difference between these two values.
	flux.aps.org /meetings/YR01/SHOCK01/abs/S170.html (1262 words)

	Journal Details
		The results demonstrated that the nominal stress at shear cracking and the ultimate shear strength increased with increasing fiber volume, decreasing shear span-depth ratio, and increasing concrete compressive strength.
		The results of 139 tests of fiber-reinforced concrete beams without stirrups were used to evaluate existing and proposed empirical equations for estimating shear strength.
		For the proposed procedure, the ratio of the measured strength to the calculated strength had a mean of 1.00 and a coefficient of variation of 15%.
	www.concrete.org /PUBS/JOURNALS/OLJDetails.asp?ID=12122 (215 words)

	Spectral-Based Peak-Shear-Strength Criterion for Rock Joints (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		It is shown that even though the fractal dimension D is a useful parameter, it alone is insufficient to quantify the stationary roughness of non-self-similar profiles.
		A new strength criterion, which includes three roughness parameters (D,I, and a spectral coefficient, K\ds), is suggested for modeling the anisotropic peak shear strength of rock joints at low normal effective stresses.
		Comparisons are also shown between the predicted shear strengths based on Barton’s equation and the measured peak shear strengths.
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?9505883 (273 words)

	World Dentistry \| Shear Bond Strength of "One Bottle" Dentin Adhesives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		This study attempted to determine the shear bond of five 1-bottle fifth generation dentin adhesives resin materials.
		After 24 hours storage in water at 37ºC, the shear bond strength was determined using a universal testing machine (Instron, Inston Engineering Corporation, Canton, Mass.) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min.
		The fifth generation of dentin adhesive resins bond with a similar strength to that of the control group (the fourth generation).
	www.worlddent.com /2001/05/journal.reviews/jpd-2000-84-408-412.xml (385 words)

	Determination of Shear Strength Parameters of Unsaturated Silts and Sands Based on the Water Retention Curve
		A hypothesis for determination of the shear strength of unsaturated soils is suggested.
		Values of shear strengths have been taken from the literature and compared with shear strengths calculated according to this hypothesis.
		The shear strengths obtained from the hypothesis are in surprisingly good agreement with those found in the literature.
	journalsip.astm.org /JOURNALS/GEOTECH/PAGES/152.htm (218 words)

	2000 Building Publications - Shear Strength of High-Strength Concrete Walls and Deep Beams. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Strengths as high as 140 MPa (20000 psi) can be achieved in the laboratory and, on rare occasions, in the field.
		Recently, the American Concrete Institute Subcommittee ACI 318-E (Standard Building Code, Shear and Torsion) set up a small working group, which included the author, to investigate barriers to the use of high-strength concrete related to shear strength provisions and to propose appropriate changes to the building code.
		In light of recent tests, the author recommends lifting the ceiling of the square root of concrete compressive strength from the current value of 8.3 MPa (100 psi) to 11 MPa (130 psi) for code provisions that govern the shear strength of deep beams.
	fire.nist.gov /bfrlpubs/build00/art042.html (245 words)

	Hot melt adhesive having both high peel and tensile shear strength - Patent 4129607
		Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide improved hot melt thermoplastic adhesive blends that have high tensile shear strengths, exceptionally high peel strengths, creep resistance at elevated temperatures, and long pot life.
		Tensile shear strength measurements throughout this disclosure are made by testing a 1.times.
		The adhesive strength and toughness of the thermoplastic bonds formed by the present blends are retained whether the blend was applied shortly after the application temperature was reached or whether the blend was not used until after it had been in the hot melt pot for up to 8 hours or more.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4129607.html (3359 words)

	Study of Asphalt Binders Using Lap Shear Bonds
		A tensile tester was used to measure the cohesive and adhesive strength of the bond.
		In the stress-strain curves generated from lap shear experiments, it is possible not only to determine the maximum lap shear strength, but also to look at elongation of the sample at this maximum strength.
		The authors plan to evaluate the lap shear strength at colder temperatures using a substrate with a coefficient of expansion and contraction that is similar to that of asphalt, likely polypropylene.
	www.dupont.com /asphalt/lapshear/lapshear.html (2394 words)

	Relationships Between Undrained Shear Strength and Compression and Shear Wave Velocities for Offshore Clays
		Possible correlation methods for clays between undrained shear strength and shear or compression wave velocity are explored.
		A correlation method between undrained shear strength, su, and shear wave velocity, vs, for normally consolidated clays is discussed: su = Yranc vs2anc exp(bnc), where anc and bnc are parameters describing the soil¹s mean relationship between shear modulus and effective vertical stress, and Y is its c/p ratio.
		The accuracy with which the constant increase in strength with depth at a location could be determined based on geophysical data is also investigated.
	otrc.tamu.edu /Pages/B8675.html (295 words)

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