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Topic: Shear wall

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	24c (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Where the center of rigidity of a shear wall system does not coincide with the center of application of the lateral force, the distribution of the rotational forces due to a torsional moment on the system must also be considered.
		Where shear walls are connected by a rigid diaphragm so that they must deflect equally under horizontal load, the proportion of total horizontal load at any story or level carried by a perpendicular shear wall is based on its relative rigidity or stiffness.
		Another method that may be used to increase the stiffness of a bearing wall structure and reduce the possibility of tension developing in shear walls due to wind parallel to the wall is the coupling of collinear shear walls.
	www.bia.org /BIA/technotes/t24c.htm (3336 words)

	[No title]
		For discontinuous masonry, concrete or precast concrete shear walls parallel to the joists, the sheathing typically is nailed to a joist or ledger bolted to the wall.
		For shear walls perpendicular to the joists, the sheathing may be nailed to discontinuous blocking between the ends of the joists.
		Inadequate in-plane shear capacity of connections between concrete diaphragms and vertical-resisting elements usually occurs where large openings in the diaphragm exist adjacent to the shear wall (e.g., at stair wells) or where the shear force distributed to interior shear walls or braced frames exceeds the capacity of the connection to the diaphragm.
	www.fema.gov /plan/prevent/earthquake/txt/fema-172-11-ch-3-3.txt (5140 words)

	Shear Wall
		This load is included in the shear design of the wall by providing an axial load which combines with the allowable shear equations.
		This load is included in the calculations for overturning moment on a wall section when it is eccentric to the centerline of the wall at that particular section.
		Because this program can be used with a walls that have their length changes with height, you must enter the offset from the bottom wall section to the LEFT EDGE of the wall section.
	www.enercalc.com /sel_help/shearwal.htm (2967 words)

	Promising Advancements in Shear Wall Design - Home Interior Walls Ceilings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Unit shear values dictate the amount of shear wall bracing required based on the amount of lateral load (in-plane shear) to be resisted, the type of wood structural panel sheathing specified, and the specified fastening schedules.
		To determine the shear wall capacity, all that is needed is the unit shear value for the shear wall construction, the area of wall openings, the length of full-height wall segments, and the overall length of the wall.
		Also, the shear values for 2 inch edge nail spacing and sheathing have been deleted in Table 1 since the APA 154 data shows that the values are not greater than those for the three inch spacing (at least for the limited tests available at this condition).
	www.nemmar.com /real-estate-Promising-Advancements-Wall-Design.html (4459 words)

	Shear Wall Seismic Design (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Shear walls are elements designed to take vertcal and in-plane horizontal forces, which produce bearing, shear and bending stresses.
		The WALLS program performs the design of a concrete shear wall subjected to any combination of vertical and horizontal loads and bending moment, according to the ACI design criteria for structures in seismic zones (ACI 318-02 Chapter 21).
		As an example, consider the shear wall subjected to an overturning moment of 32945 k-ft, a vertical dead load of 3046 k, a vertical live load of 391 k and a horizontal force of 617 k, as shown below.
	www.asdipsoft.com.cob-web.org:8888 /Walls.htm (328 words)

	ShearWalls (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The next area of concern is providing strength and stability to the upright pieces of lumber that form the cripple wall (the area in pink.) This is done by bracing the cripple wall with plywood shear panels.
		Walls braced with plywood are called "shear walls" because they resist the "shear forces" generated by earthquakes
		Structural grade plywood properly nailed on the cripple wall in the form of a shear wall is almost 20 times stronger than typical siding material...that is a 2000% (two thousand percent) increase in strength.
	www.bayarearetrofit.com /RetrofitDesign/ShearWalls/shearwalls.html (324 words)

	Construction Business & Technology Conference - Shear Wall Basics
		Allowable shears on materials in italics are subject to a 50% reduction in seismic zones 3 and 4.
		Yes, shear forces are resisted, but the result of repetitive cycles of alternate direction loading is gypboard with larger and larger nail holes.
		In almost every way a foam core panel may be treated as you would a wood shear wall as far as shear-resistance is concerned.
	www.mcvicker.com /vwall/page001.htm (961 words)

	Halfbakery: Wall Exoskeleton
		I wonder if the resin bond would be good enough to yield shear wall strength and, more importantly, whether the substrate the material was bonded to has the integrity sufficient to deliver rigidity to the underlying framing.
		Shear wall construction, where plywood sheeting is attached using screws or nails with a tight 3" spacing, to the frame at the inside corners of wood frame structures is, in essence, exoskeletal earthquake protection.
		Other shear wall techniques are also used, depending on the ultimate use of the building and the building codes governing the construction.
	www.halfbakery.com /idea/Wall_20Exoskeleton (804 words)

	How to Install Shear Bracing: Structural Sheathing and X-Bracing - Dietrich Metal Framing
		As with other building materials, the load-bearing walls of a steel-framed house must be braced to protect the wall from shear forces and prevent the walls from racking.
		In fact, your walls are limited to the percentages of openings given in Table 6.20 of the Prescriptive Method.
		Shear walls in the Prescriptive Method are also limited to wind speeds of 100 mph, Exposure B or less, and applicable to Seismic Zones 0, 1 and 2.
	www.dietrichmetalframing.com /Residential/home/shearbracing.htm (623 words)

	e-conference Proceeding :: Shear Walls in RC Frames (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		I'm afraid that you have to design Shear Wall structures as per ductility requirements of IS 13920 for Zone III (beyond 5 storeys), IV and V. Ofcourse you may use K=1.0.
		Therefore, besides flexural deformations shear deformations contributed considerably to the total deformations of such walls under lateral loads and they had to be considered for analysis and design of these walls.
		The concrete walls used in tall buildings for resisting lateral loads caused by ground motions due to earthquake were also then called as Shear Walls.
	www.iitk.ac.in /nicee/econf/shearwall.htm (1444 words)

	Shear Wall and Moment Res.Frame (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The wall is relatively weak in other directions, and so most of the deflection will happen in the direction where the wall is weak.
		For example, suppose the shear wall lies in the xy plane with its base along the x axis, and a shear is applied to it by pushing in the +x direction along the top and in the -x direction along the bottom.
		Therefore, shear loads applied to the truss are resisted by the tension or compression of the diagonal brace.
	lofi.forum.physorg.com.cob-web.org:8888 /Shear-Wall-and-Moment-Res.Frame_7222.html (1140 words)

	Shear Wall FAQ's
		Shear walls that also bear the weight of floor or roof framing above are less likely to need tie-downs than shear walls that run parallel to joists or rafters above them.
		As long as the shear walls are connected to the other structural elements of the building, they may be placed where the architectural design allows.
		In the case where a door and a window are along the same shear wall but have different head heights, would you still recommend extending the blocking at the door header height to the end of the shear wall?"
	www.shearwalls.com /faq.html (1255 words)

	Masonry Industry Promotion Group - Current News
		An assumption underpinning the IBC maximum reinforcement limits is that rapid strength degradation due to toe-crushing occurs immediately after the peak load on a shear wall is reached.
		In-plane cyclic loads will be applied to each shear wall, and the performance of the walls will be monitored with transducers to measure wall displacements at various locations, strain gages to measure elongation of steel reinforcement within the walls, and a time-synchronized digital camera to visually capture wall behavior throughout the loading history.
		This research on behavior of concrete masonry shear walls is being conducted by Ian Eikanas, a civil engineering graduate student at WSU, under the direction of Professors David Pollock and David McLean.
	www.masonrypromotion.com /newsletters/shearwall.html (415 words)

	Cyclic Comparison Testing of Light Wood Framed Shear Walls
		Current thinking is that the monotonic strength of a shear wall system is important, but that the sheathing system's capacity to resist cyclic loading and to dissipate energy (ductility) is also critical in determining the capacity to withstand earthquake loading.
		The ductility of a shear wall is measured as total energy dissipated and the durability of a shear wall is measured as number of load cycles survived.
		For instance, the load specified by the UBC for two identical structures, one constructed with plywood shear walls (expected to be ductile) and the other with gypsum wallboard (expected to be brittle) shear walls, is 30% greater for the gypsum wallboard structure.
	www.engr.sjsu.edu /dmerrick/shearwalls (3299 words)

	BUILDERnews Magazine Online \| Archived Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In segmented wall design, segments are separated by openings in the wall such as doors or windows.
		Although it’s true that shear wall codes haven’t changed tremendously since they were first developed, that’s not to say they’re outdated.
		If you look at initial shear wall tables in the 1950s and now, things like the depth of penetration has been reduced slightly because of a better understanding of fasteners and yield.
	buildernewsmag.com /viewnews.pl?id=196 (811 words)

	Moment Frame & Shear Wall engineering - How to reinforce long shear walls?
		In a smaller shear wall, for example, 0.25x2.00 or 0.25x3.00, my code (Portugal) proposes that we consider two virtual columns with the following dimensions b x H2=min (2b; H/10) being b the widht and H the height, and that you concentrate the longitudinal reinforcement for the major bending in this virtual columns.
		I meant by “divide the basic shear force between the R.C shear walls and the framing system”; is there is a need to share the lateral load resistance between the shear wall and the framing system.
		The shear panels that comprise the stairwell would be considered as a sub-system that is intended only for the stability of the stairwell and not attributing to the lateral stability of the main structure.
	www.eng-tips.com /viewthread.cfm?qid=44914 (2255 words)

	Creative Defect Prevention in Shear Wall Construction - Construction Defects
		Have them sign one copy of the requirements for the shear walls, which is to be retained by the developer or general contractor, indicating that they received the documents.
		Routinely inspect and photograph or videotape a sampling of the shear walls during construction and nailing so that the framing subcontractor is aware of this inspection and documentation procedure.
		Obtain a certification from the framing subcontractor following completion of the shear wall construction that they inspected the walls during and upon completion and that the construction was completed in accordance with the specification requirements.
	www.cclcc.com /tb12196.html (445 words)

	Typical Shear Wall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Shear walls are vertical elements of the horizontal force resisting system.
		Shear walls are typically wood frame stud walls covered with a structural sheathing material like plywood.
		When the sheathing is properly fastened to the stud wall framing, the shear wall can resist forces directed along the length of the wall.
	www.abag.ca.gov /bayarea/eqmaps/fixit/ch3/sld002.htm (83 words)

	Shear Wall Panels (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Two manufacturers are now helping to streamline construction of shear walls by providing pre-manufactured modular products that are cost effective and easy to design, specify, install, and inspect.
		Prefabricated shear wall panels can be a cost-effective means of producing walls designed to resist the forces of earthquakes and high winds.
		Shear wall panels cost from $130 to over $300, depending on size.
	www.toolbase.org.cob-web.org:8888 /Technology-Inventory/Interior-Partitions-Ceilings/shear-wall-panels (582 words)

	Shearwall Deflection
		The second reason has to do with limiting the maximum inelastic response of the shear wall, which is important in the seismic design of wood buildings.
		Furthermore, the story drift is also used to determine the relative flexibility or rigidity of diaphragms and shear walls.
		Total shear wall deflection (story drift) is the sum of the deflections from each of these components.
	timber.ce.wsu.edu /Supplements/ShearWall/deflection.htm (240 words)

	Simpson Strong-Tie \| Technical Topics: Eccentric Holdowns in Light-Framed Shear Wall Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This is an increasingly expansive and complex topic whereby one ultimately asks "Do post failures in field-built shear walls occur due to eccentric type holdowns?" Based on years of light-framed shear wall testing, we find no evidence to support this contention.
		In addition, we know of no documented evidence attributing shear wall failures to post failures caused by eccentric holdowns, in either single or multi-story structures, during past seismic events.
		This type of simplified static analysis of a single component in a shear wall system, with numerous elements that interact in very complex ways, will be highly inaccurate.
	www.strongtie.com /TechTopics/eccentric_holdowns.htm (331 words)

	5332002 - RC Shear Wall Model Implementation and Validation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The potential to expand the model to address flanged walls by using shape functions to describe nonlinear strain distributions for wall flanges, and sub-elements to model wall openings, will be investigated.
		Once the model for rectangular walls has been implemented, the potential to expand the model to address flanged walls by using shape functions to describe nonlinear strain distributions for wall flanges, and sub-elements to model wall openings, will be investigated.
		Once the model for rectangular walls has been developed, calibrated, and implemented into OpenSees, the potential to expand the model to address flanged walls by using shape functions to describe nonlinear strain distributions for wall flanges, and sub-elements to model wall openings, could be investigated.
	peer.berkeley.edu /year6/yr6_projects/ta5/5332002.html (931 words)

	Wall shear stress
		In diabatic two-phase flow the wall shear stress is considerably larger compared to the single-phase flow with the same mass flux.
		In a BWR core the flow is far from isothermal and a thermal boundary layer exists in which the liquid close to the wall has a higher temperature than the liquid further away from the wall.
		That is, the resulting correlation of the wall shear stress is actually dependent on the flow model which is used for evaluation of the accelerational and elevational pressure drops.
	www.jakobchr.com /project/node103.shtml (678 words)

	Site Lines: Shear Wall System / Great Gadgets / First Test: Worx Miter Saw (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The artist wants the entire wall to be glass, like a giant landscape portrait; the scientist needs enough wall to hold the house up.
		The Steel Strong-Wall shear wall is a 10-gauge galvanized steel panel with a 2-by wood stud secured to either side and a steel plate top and bottom.
		Panels for use in walls 10 feet or shorter are manufactured with 2x4 end studs.
	www.toolsofthetrade.hw.net.cob-web.org:8888 /articles/showarticle.asp?articleID=2381&po... (2433 words)

	Cold-Formed Steel Shear Wall Design - A PDH Online Course for Engineers and Architects
		To maintain the lateral stability of the buildings constructed with load-bearing steel stud walls, the design engineer often utilizes the cold-formed steel shear walls.
		Shear transfer along the base of the shear wall.
		It is important to ensure the continuous load path as the lateral forces are transferred from the upper level to the lower level.
	www.pdhonline.org /courses/s102/s102.htm (570 words)

	11.22.2006 - Engineers demonstrate strength of new metal shear wall that could lower construction cost
		BERKELEY – Engineers pushed a newly designed, metal shear wall to its limits at a Nov. 20 seismic test at the University of California, Berkeley's Structural Engineering Research Lab.
		Under the stress of the force, metal buckles and screws pop out, but they are still about three times stronger than equivalent plywood panels and about twice as strong as other metal panels now on the market.
		At the UC Berkeley seismic test, researchers demonstrated the ability of the technology to withstand the type of major earthquake expected to occur in the Bay Area, subjecting the panel to 25,000 pounds of force and cyclic displacement.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2006/11/22_shear.shtml (435 words)

	BUILDERnews Magazine Online \| Archived Articles
		In the case of my project, the overall wall height is 10 feet, but the garage door is only 7 feet high.
		As far as I can tell, these APA narrow walls are intended only as prescriptive shear walls in accordance with the IRC.
		• For method C shear walls (plywood or OSB sheathed), at least 20 percent of the braced wall line must be legal shear wall.
	www.buildernewsmag.com /viewnews.pl?id=324 (1037 words)

	YOSHINO GYPSUM CO., LTD. \| Fire & Sound Systems/Shear Wall \| Tiger Glass Rock Shear Wall (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Shear walls are designed to resist horizontal force generated by earthquake or typhoon in order to prevent buildings from being deformed.
		Shear Wall incorporating 12.5mm Tiger Glass Rock is used as interior shear walls for conventional wood frame constructions and two-by-four systems.
		Shear Wall incorporating 12.5mm Tiger Glass Rock has been developed under the leadership of Professor Sakamoto at the Graduate School of Engineering of the University of Tokyo in Japan.
	www.yoshino-gypsum.com.cob-web.org:8888 /en/kouhou/tairiki (326 words)

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