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Topic: Shellfish

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	Living with a Shellfish Allergy on MedicineNet.com
		If you suffer from a shellfish allergy, strictly avoiding shellfish and food containing shellfish is the only way to prevent a reaction.
		If your doctor is able to identify exactly which type of shellfish causes your allergies, then you only need to eliminate that type of shellfish from your diet.
		For the majority of shellfish allergy sufferers, however, this is not an option and all shellfish must be avoided.
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=43001 (211 words)

	US FDA/CFSAN - Bad Bug Book - Various Shellfish-Associated Toxins
		Shellfish poisoning is caused by a group of toxins elaborated by planktonic algae (dinoflagellates, in most cases) upon which the shellfish feed.
		The 20 toxins responsible for paralytic shellfish poisonings (PSP) are all derivatives of saxitoxin.
		Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is a foodborne illness caused by consumption of shellfish or broth from cooked shellfish that contain either concentrated saxitoxin, an alkaloid neurotoxin, or related compounds.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~mow/chap37.html (1153 words)

	EPA-MAIA - Shellfish Closures (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bivalve shellfish are filter feeders, meaning they pump water through their gills for both respiration and feeding.
		Because shellfish are such effective filters of the water, they tend to accumulate whatever pollutants are in the water.
		Due to these differences in the calcula- tion of action levels by different states, the fish or shellfish contaminant concentrations in one state’s advisory area may not be the same as another state’s, but in both areas the concentrations would be high enough to cause concern about possible human health risk.
	www.epa.gov /maia/html/shellfishclos.html (535 words)

	Fish Division: Marine Resource Program: Regulations: Sport Fishing - Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife
		A recreational shellfish license is required for all harvesters 14 years or older in accordance with Senate Bill 597.
		A: Any person 14 years of age or older who is in the act of harvesting any legal shellfish including, but not limited to, clams, crab, mussels, abalone, piddocks, shrimp or scallops, or anyone in the possession of such shellfish in the field must have a valid recreational shellfish license in their possession.
		NOTE: If shellfish are caught legally by one individual, and he/she desires to give the shellfish to someone else who did not legally catch it, a receipt of transfer must be in your possession.
	www.dfw.state.or.us /MRP/regulations/sport_shellfish (1131 words)

	Aquaculture Shellfish Handling, Division of AQUACULTURE - FDACS
		Shellfish are defined as all edible species of oysters, clams and mussels whether shucked or in the shell, fresh or fresh frozen.
		Shellfish are a unique human food source in respect that they are often consumed whole, including the gastrointestinal tract, and they are commonly eaten raw.
		The Department inspects to ensure that the shellfish are being handled and stored properly at the plant so that they will not become contaminated or adulterated.
	www.floridaaquaculture.com /processing/handleintro.htm (367 words)

	SHELLFISH CONSERVATION ORDINANCE Town of ...
		Shellfish, Clams and Intertidal Shellfish Resources: When used in the context of this ordinance the words "shellfish", "clams", and "intertidal shellfish resources" mean soft shell clams (Mya arenaria).
		February 1st, the Shellfish Conservation Committee shall notify the Town Clerk in writing of the number and allocation of shellfish licenses to be issued.
		Suspension: Any shellfish licensee having three convictions for a violation of this ordinance within a three year period shall have his shellfish license suspended for a period of thirty (30) days.
	www.state.me.us /dmr/crd/forms/shellfish_conservation_ordinance.htm (1794 words)

	Wilderness: Shellfish Poisoning, Paralysis
		Shellfish poisoning can occur after eating clams, mussels, oysters, scallops, cockles, starfish, and crustaceans that consume dinoflagellates during a red tide.
		Shellfish that is contaminated during a red tide does not have an abnormal taste, smell, or color, and the toxin is not destroyed by heating or cooking.
		Paralysis due to shellfish poisoning follows a similar progression to that of pufferfish poisoning.
	www.emedicinehealth.com /wilderness_shellfish_poisoning_paralysis/article_em.htm (180 words)

	Aquaculture Shellfish Harvesting Program, Division of AQUACULTURE - FDACS
		Shellfish are filter feeders, which means that they get food and oxygen by pumping large quantities of water across their gills.
		State responsibilities include adopting laws and regulations for the sanitary control of the shellfish industry, formulating comprehensive shellfish harvesting area surveys and adopting control measures to ensure that shellfish are grown, harvested and processed in a safe and sanitary manner.
		The goal of shellfish harvesting area classification and management is to provide maximum utilization of shellfish resources and to reduce the risk of shellfish-borne illness.
	www.floridaaquaculture.com /seas/seas_intro.htm (1755 words)

	ODFW - Fast Facts
		A: Any person 14 years of age or older who is in the act of harvesting any shellfish including, but not limited to, clams, crab, mussels, abalone, oysters, piddocks, shrimp or scallops or anyone in the possession of such shellfish in the field must have in their possession a valid recreational shellfish license.
		NOTE : If shellfish are caught legally by one individual, and he/she desires to give the shellfish to someone else who did not legally catch it, a receipt of transfer must be in your possession.
		Shellfish programs have been severely cut back in the past decade due to state funding reductions.
	www.dfw.state.or.us /FF/shellfish.htm (1071 words)

	Town of Freeport -- Shellfish Conservation
		Shellfish Conservation Ordinance that establishes a Shellfish Conservation Program for the Town of Freeport.
		These goals are achieved by means which may include: licensing; limiting the number of shellfish harvesters; restricting the time and area where digging is permitted; limiting the minimum size of clams taken; limiting the amount of clams taken daily by a harvester; and enhancing the clam resources by the various recognized means (e.g.
		Shellfish harvesting at night is prohibited in the Town of Freeport under local ordinance.
	www.freeportmaine.com /shellfish.html (930 words)

	Mass. Division of Marine Fisheries: Program and Projects - Shellfish Sanitation and Management
		Shellfish are also tested for various poisonous or deleterious substances based upon an assessment of pollution sources impacting growing areas as determined by the sanitary survey and also as a result of pollution events such as oil and chemical spills.
		Shellfish are tested prior to relaying and again before harvesting for human consumption to insure that they meet NSSP requirements for safety.
		This method of shellfish propagation affords participating municipalities a relatively inexpensive source of shellfish for use as spawning stock and also allows eventual utilization of the contaminated resource thus eliminating the temptation of illegal harvesting by removing the stock from contaminated areas.
	www.mass.gov /dfwele/dmf/programsandprojects/shelsani.htm (2016 words)

	PREHISTORIC SHELLFISH GATHERING
		Shellfish are a plentiful and easily collected food source that can be found in coastal zones as well as rivers and lakes around the world.
		All in all, shellfish gathering is now seen as a low-risk way of gathering food, as opposed to hunting of terrestrial game where success is dependent on technology, weather and seasonality, training and expertise, and potentially also fitness and strength.
		Feminist archaeologists have also been quick to point out that shellfishing as an activity is more often than not the task of women, and that this fact may account for some of the negative views of shellfishing presented by male informants and observers in some ethnographies.
	www.manandmollusc.net /history_food.html (1415 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Poisoning - fish and shellfish
		In shellfish poisoning, the poisonous ingredients are toxins made by algae-like organisms called dinoflagellates, which build up in some types of seafood.
		The number of poisonings also increases when there is a "red tide." Shellfish poisoning occurs in seafood with two shells such as clams, oysters, mussels, and sometimes scallops.
		If shellfish poisoning causes paralysis, you may have to remain in the hospital until your symptoms improve.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/002851.htm (1271 words)

	Shellfish
		Shellfish Movement Documents are issued upon request to commercial fishermen meeting the relevant standards to enable them to transport their catch to processing plants.
		A Permanent Transportation Authorisation is required for gatherers of Shellfish in the London Port Health Authority District.
		Samples of shellfish are obtained from the layings using the Authority's launches in order to establish the extent of pollution and to enable the classification of the layings under UK and EU legislation.
	www.cityoflondon.gov.uk /Corporation/our_services/port_health/shellfish.htm (441 words)

	ODA Food Safety Division Shellfish program
		Commercial shellfish harvesters and growers, harvesting for human consumption, are limited to ODA classified shellfish harvesting areas, see map.
		Shellfish dealers must tag shellstock with their tag and certification number if they are not the original shipper.
		Shellfish received from unapproved sources or dealers may be subject to seizure or embargo as provided by law.
	www.oregon.gov /ODA/FSD/program_shellfish.shtml (1077 words)

	Town of Waldoboro - Shellfish Conservation
		The Shellfish Conservation Committee was established by adoption of the Shellfish Conservation Ordinance at the March 1992 annual town meeting.
		Prior to closing or opening an area of a municipality to shellfish harvesting, the municipality needs to review the status of the resource to be affected, secure the recommendation of the Regional Biologist and receive approval of DMR.
		The Shellfish Warden shall be responsible for undertaking an annual shore line clean up in the spring during the month of May with the assistance of and under the general direction of the Shellfish Committee.
	waldoboromaine.org /shellfish.html (1188 words)

	Town of Waldoboro - Shellfish Conservation
		The Shellfish Conservation Committee was established by adoption of the Shellfish Conservation Ordinance at the March 1992 annual town meeting.
		Prior to closing or opening an area of a municipality to shellfish harvesting, the municipality needs to review the status of the resource to be affected, secure the recommendation of the Regional Biologist and receive approval of DMR.
		The Shellfish Warden shall be responsible for undertaking an annual shore line clean up in the spring during the month of May with the assistance of and under the general direction of the Shellfish Committee.
	www.waldoboromaine.org /shellfish.html (1143 words)

	Town of Mashpee, MA -
		Shellfish that have not reached harvestable size are classifed as seed.
		Seed shellfish must immediately be removed from the catch and returned to the same area from which they were taken.
		Shellfishing is allowed in the Town of Mashpee up to the high tide shoreline, except in areas closed because of contamination or otherwise restricted by the
	www.ci.mashpee.ma.us /Pages/MashpeeMA_Shellfish/faqs (670 words)

	ODA Food Safety Division Shellfish safety closures
		Please note: when shellfish toxin levels exceed the "alert" level, and a new shellfish closure must be issued, the ODA web pages may not be updated as quickly as the shellfish closures recording.
		Shellfish sampling conducted the weeks of February 26 and March 12, 2007 reveals domoic acid levels are in the safe range for all species, including razor clams.
		Shellfish harvesting areas are closed to all harvesting when toxins exceed an "alert" level.
	www.oregon.gov /ODA/FSD/shellfish_status.shtml (1713 words)

	Shellfish Impacts from the Bouchard No. 120 Buzzards Bay Oil Spill
		Most residents shellfish along this nearshore intertidal and subtidal area because of access and the effective depth limit of collection by wading or using small boats.
		Based on new shellfish tissue data and beach cleanup progress, the Division of Marine Fisheries reopened additional areas of Buzzards Bay on October 12, 2003 (announcement released October 10), and November 12, 2003 (announcement released November 10).
		Where shellfish are not killed by acute toxicity, the primary concern with this oil spill is that the meat may taste oil tainted, or elevated hydrocarbons from the oil may pose a human health risk if consumed.
	www.buzzardsbay.org /shellfishimpacts.htm (1406 words)

	Agency Warns Against Eating Shellfish Form Private Piers (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Shellfish are filter-feeding organisms; they strain the surrounding water through their gills which trap and transfer food particles to their digestive tract.
		Because shellfish pump large quantities of water through their gills each day, even low concentrations of harmful organisms from the waters can reach dangerous levels in the shellfish.
		Shellfish are bivalve mollusks such as clams, oysters, and mussels.
	www.mde.state.md.us /CitizensInfoCenter/FishandShellfish/harvesting_notices/privatepier_shellfish.asp (1171 words)

	Grilling Shellfish - Knowledge - Hormel Foods (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Watching closely for the shellfish to turn opaque (non-transparent), removing it from the grill and serving immediately is key.
		Shellfish can be purchased in a variety of forms that include live, frozen, pre-cooked and frozen, or freshly cleaned by your fishmonger (fish dealer).
		If shellfish will not be prepared immediately after purchase, they should be stored in the coldest area of your refrigerator for 1 to 2 days.
	www.hormel.com /templates/knowledge/knowledge.asp?catitemid=50&id=565 (1843 words)

	Greenwich Town Departments - Shellfish Commission
		The Shellfish Commission is having the Cove farmed to spur new growth, click here for more information.
		The Greenwich Shellfish Commission provides recreational shellfishing for the inhabitants of Greenwich by overseeing the resource that consists of hard and soft-shell clams, razor clams, mussels, oysters and slipper shells.
		Shellfishing is monitored regularly by 25 volunteer wardens.
	www.greenwichct.org /Shellfish/Shellfish.asp (354 words)

	Shellfish Contamination
		Shellfish and the waters they inhabit are good indicators of the bacteriological health of the marine environment.
		Shellfish growing waters are considered polluted when the fecal coliform densities exceed a median of 14/100 mL (based on 15 data points).
		Shellfish and crabs are also tested for domoic acid, which is also a marine toxin produced by naturally occurring plankton.
	www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca /ops/fm/shellfish/Biotoxins/closures/default_e.htm (296 words)

	Shellfish Association of Great Britain - Shellfish in the Diet
		Eating shellfish are beneficial to you health since they are very rich in vitamins and minerals, whilst very low in fat.
		Most animal meat, eggs and shellfish are comparatively high in cholesterol and have therefore in the past received a lot of negative publicity.
		Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning is caused by domic acid produced naturally by marine diatoms of the genus Pseudonitzschia.
	www.shellfish.org.uk /shellfish_diet.htm (1231 words)

	NHDES Watershed Management Bureau: Shellfish Program
		The mission of the NH DES Shellfish Program is to ensure that the state's shellfish meet standards for consumption by those who enjoy harvesting these public resources.
		Shellfish staff assist with the GulfWatch program, which monitors the levels of toxic substances in blue mussels on an annual basis.
		These surveys, which are required in order to open shellfish beds for harvesting, involve a variety of activities including pollution source surveys, general water quality monitoring, and hydrographic, meteorologic, and other studies.
	www.des.state.nh.us /wmb/shellfish/mission.htm (417 words)

	eMedicine - Toxicity, Shellfish : Article Excerpt by: Thomas Arnold, MD
		These shellfish are filter feeders and, therefore, accumulate toxins produced by microscopic algae in the form of dinoflagellates and diatoms.
		Pathophysiology: The toxins responsible for most shellfish poisonings are water-soluble, heat and acid-stable, and are not inactivated by ordinary cooking methods.
		Education, surveillance, and strict regulation by public health officials appear to be decreasing the incidence of shellfish poisoning in the United States.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/byname/toxicity-shellfish.htm (564 words)

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