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Topic: Sheng (instrument)

	Chinese Musical Instruments - Sheng (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sheng is also the first musical instrument in the world utilizing a "coupled acoustical system," between an air column and a free reed.
		Sheng consists of 13-17 bamboo pipes with different lengths that are mounted together onto a base.
		The SHENG is used as both a solo and accompaniment instrument.
	www.paulnoll.com /China/Music/mus-sheng.html (297 words)

	Sheng (instrument)
		The Chinese sheng (Chinese : 笙, Pinyin ''shēng'') is a mouth -blown free reed instrument (the first) consisting essentially of vertical tubes, in the Chinese orchestra.
		However, it was only in the early 1800s that Amiot's sheng inspired the invention of the harmonica, accordion, and reed organ.
		Sheng generally serves as accompaniment for Chinese music pieces in an orchestra, while being given little or no melody.
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/sheng_(instrument) (223 words)

	Chao Feng Chinese Orchestra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A few western instruments have also been incorporated into the orchestra, like the cello and the double bass that provided the lower notes which are necessary for a better instrumental blend.
		Thus, woodwind instruments are blown, plucking instruments are plucked, stringed instruments are bowed and percussion instruments are struck.
		The instrument is widely used in Chinese orchestras and it comes in three sizes, the mezzo, the soprano and the alto.
	www.chaofeng.com.au /intruments.htm (1014 words)

	The acoustics of the Asian free red mouth organs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The sheng employs a free reed at one end of a closed tube with a conical-cylindrical cross section.
		In the single note per pipe instruments, a finger hole is drilled at a point that destroys the pipe resonance and prevents the reed from sounding unless the hole is closed.
		Sheng pipes are cylindrical over most of their length, but the lower portion in which the reed is mounted is conical.
	www.public.coe.edu /~jcotting/ISMAjpc1-1.htm (1668 words)

	englischsite
		The bamboo pipes of the sheng are set into the wind-chest in the from of a horseshoes, and the space between the pipes are big enough for a firm grip.
		Modern developments of the sheng include instruments with a number of 21,24.36 or 37 pipes, the electro acoustic sheng or the giant bass sheng, that is placed upright in front of the player.
		The instrument is common in the settlement areas of non-chinese ethnis in south west of China: Miao.
	www.beepworld.de /members23/weiwu/englischsite.htm (1379 words)

	Study to Play Traditional Chinese Music Instruments
		Nowadays, a few western instruments have also been incorporated into the orchestra, like the cello and double bass, as an alternative to their Chinese version, to provide lower notes which are necessary for a better instrumental blend.
		The Zheng, commonly known as Guzheng, is a plucked string instrument that is part of the zither family, related to the Japanese koto, the Vietnamese dan tranh and the Korean kayagum.
		The instrument is commonly used in the accompaniment to local theaters or singing and dancing, and also for solos or ensembles on such occasions as weddings, funerals or other ceremonies and celebrations.
	www.damo-qigong.net /taoism/music.htm (2720 words)

	Make Your Own Instrument
		The Sheng is a very old instrument, existing in one form or another for at least 3,000 years.
		The Sheng is a "free-reed" instrument, in which a thin tongue of metal or wood vibrates when air moves through a tube.
		The Sheng consists of a bowl-shaped "wind-chest" made of metal or wood on the bottom, with a blowing tube coming out of the side of the wind-chest.
	www.nyphilkids.org /lab/make_sheng.html (404 words)

	Sheng (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The sheng is the Chinese free-reed bamboo mouth organ.
		The sheng was traditionally used in court music, and there are many depictions of the ancient sheng, known then as yu, on the wall paintings of the Dunhuang caves from the 7th and 8th Centuries.
		It was during this period that the sheng traveled to many of the courts of Asia and according to some references, possibly even Persia in the 10th century.
	www.asza.com /isheng.shtml (213 words)

	Sheng (instrument) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The first free reed instrument was the Chinese sheng (笙; pinyin shēng), which is mouth-blown.
		There are many types of sheng, Gaoyin Sheng (高音笙, pinyin Gāoyīn Shēng), Zhongyin Sheng (中音笙, pinyin Zhōngyīn Shēng), Diyin Sheng (低音笙, pinyin Dīyīn Shēng), etc. The Gaoyin Sheng is a high pitch sheng, the Zhongyin Sheng, middle pitch, and the Diyin Sheng, a low pitch sheng.
		There are different number of tubes on different shengs, ranging from 21 to 51 tubes.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/s/sh/sheng__instrument_.html (168 words)

	THE ACCORDION
		Assertions the appearance of the sheng in Russia marked the introduction of the free-vibrating reed principle in Europe are debatable.
		Some of the important differences between the instruments of that era and those of today were that early accordions did not have shoulder straps that allowed the player to hold the instrument close to the body.
		These instruments are characterized as diatonic, and the pitch of their notes was determined by the placement of the keys and the reeds by each maker.
	www.crosssound.com /CS00/CS00Instruments/CSTHEACCORDION/accordionENG.html (2989 words)

	Music Folk Features: Harmonica History and Construction
		A Chinese gourd and reed instrument, the sheng may have been invented as long as 5000 years ago by Chinese Empress Nyu-kwa.
		The basic design of the sheng allowed tones to be made while blowing or drawing air through the instrument making it unique among the ancient wind instruments.
		Instruments resembling the modern harmonica had their genesis in the early 19th century.
	www.musicfolk.com /docs/Features/Feature_Harmonica.htm (532 words)

	Sheng (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Het instrument heeft meestal 13 of meer bamboepijpen van verschillende lengte (tot 48 cm) die uit de bovenkant van een stuk hout (was oorspronkelijk een kalebas) steken.
		Aan de onderkant, binnen in de windkamer, heeft elke speelpijp (een aantal pijpen hebben alleen een steunfunctie om het instrument in balans te houden) een vrijslaand rietblad.
		De sheng is een belangrijk instrument binnen het Chinese orkest en wordt ook gebruikt om volksliedjes te begeleiden.
	www.digischool.nl /mu/leerlingen/mt/instrumenten/mondorg2.htm (209 words)

	1993.039 Sheng - wind instrument (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sheng, wind instrument with a cup-like base coated with fl lacquer and an ivory tipped mouthpiece, carved ivory at bottom of base.
		The Sheng is supposed to resemble the phoenix bird in shape.
		Its use goes back 3,000 years in China and is played by blowing air into and sucking air from the wind chamber at the same time fingering the holes.
	www.wingluke.org /CHC/exhibit2/e20477a.htm (100 words)

	Destiny, the Culture of China - Traditional Musical Instruments
		As the instrument uses a banjo-like membrane as the sounding board, the resulting sound is unlike the cello, however.
		This is a reed instrument with a conical metal bell.
		This is one of the oldest varieties of Chinese instruments, and consista of a bundle of between 17 to 36 pipes seated on a small wind chamber.
	library.thinkquest.org /20443/instruments.html (757 words)

	sheng (mouth organ, harmonica) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		According to ancient literature, the sheng symbolizes everything that breaks through the soil; the large type is called chao and the smaller he.
		And in the Ming and Qing dynasty (1368-1911) it was used extensively both in folk instrumental ensembles and in the accompaniment to local theaters and popular narratives.
		The bowl-like wind chamber was large oarsman in size, equate or round in sharp, and variable in pith arrangement as well.
	www.melodyofchina.com /06instruments/sheng.html (219 words)

	Chinese Music Society of North America - Historical Trends in Preferences for Musical Instruments
		The one instrument which is uncommon after those periods was the zhu, on which a stick-bow was bounced on strings.
		This p ractice also influenced lute players and instrument makers in Europe who adopted the concept of the horse-haired bow for bowed lutes that would be used as new string instruments.
		A disheartening phenomenon in the 20th Century is the collapse of the motive forces behind regional instrumental practices, as a handful "professional" composers try to simplify the orchestral scene in larger cities.
	chinesemusic.net /book_instruments_trends.asp (1638 words)

	Sheng (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A Chinese free reed instrument simlar to panpipes with 12 to 36 bamboo pipes and dates back to the Zhou Dynasty (c.
		Each pipe is a different length with a brass reed at the bottom and a hole that must be blocked in order for the note to sound.
		The sheng is also known as a Chinese mouth organ or Chinese panpipe.
	www.music.vt.edu /musicdictionary/texts/Sheng.html (82 words)

	Bio of Bright Sheng
		Sheng was the artistic director of the San Francisco Symphony's "Wet Ink 93" Festival and composer-in-residence with the 1993 Santa Fe Chamber Music Festival.
		Sheng's recent premieres include Prelude for Orchestra for the Houston Symphony in November of 1994, China Dreams for the Seattle Symphony in September of 1995, and Seven Tunes Heard in China, for Yo-yo Ma in October 1995.
		Sheng's discography includes a recording on the Delos label of The Song of Majnun with the Houston Grand Opera; and on the New World label of H'un and chamber music featuring Peter Serkin, Lisa Saffer, and the New York Chamber Symphony under Gerard Schwarz.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~cyoungk/shengbio.htm (807 words)

	A traditional Chinese orchestra is composed of four sections, woodwind, string, plucking, and percussion. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The sheng, also called the Chinese mouth organ, is the oldest Chinese reed instrument, widely used since at least the second century B.C. The sheng consists of a base, pipes and reeds, which together look something like a bird's folded wing.
		The erhu is one of the most widely used string instruments in China, and is thought to have originated between the tenth and thirteenth centuries.
		The ruan, a short-necked lute, is a Chinese fretted instrument, which dates back to the first century B.C. The ruan is thought to be named after Ruan Han, one of the "Seven Scholars of the Bamboo Field," who played the instrument with legendary prowess.
	china.candidemedia.com /html/dispatches/four/4featureb.html (352 words)

	The Classical Free-Reed, Inc, The Birth of the Accordion
		The sheng was formed to imitate the shape of the Phoenix bird and it is probably because of this tradition that it is still used today in China for funeral processions.
		The sheng was either brought to Central Europe by Marco Polo in the thirteenth century or else it found its way there with the Tartars via Russia during the migrations of the peoples.
		French sources, however, claim that the first sheng to appear in Europe was sent to Paris in 1770 by Father Pere Amiot, a Jesuit missionary in China, and that, by some unknown means, it was sent to Russia shortly after.
	www.ksanti.net /free-reed/history/birth.html (895 words)

	WESTERN FREE REED INSTRUMENTS
		An instrument clearly resembling the Thai/Laotian khaen is depicted, although the description that goes along with it gives no indication that Mersenne knew that the instrument utilised an acoustic principle hitherto unknown in the West.
		By the mid 1700s, the Bavarian violinist and instrument maker Johann Wilde was regularly performing on the sheng for the Court Society of St. Petersburg, Russia, although it does not seem to have been recorded how he obtained the instrument.
		During the 19th and early 20th centuries, a variety of instruments were developed that had a mouthpiece with a single blow hole and keys or buttons to select the free reeds to be sounded by the player's breath.
	www.patmissin.com /history/western.html (2358 words)

	August Feature Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It was from the Sheng that the free reed principle was derived.
		The Sheng could have been brought to Europe by missionaries returning from the Orient or even by the Crusaders returning from the Holy Wars.
		It was here that the bellows and keyboard of the Greeks joined the reeds of the Chinese Sheng at the hands of one Christian Friedrich Ludwig Buschmann when he built a melodic instrument with button-type keys and a push-pull bellows which he called the Hondaoline.
	www.accordionusa.com /fe_08_02.htm (484 words)

	Traditional Chinese Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Chinese instruments are divided into four divisions, namely Bowed String instruments, Plucked String Instruments, Wind instruments and Percussion instruments.
		The sheng is one of the oldest species of Chinese instruments.
		The consort of sheng somehow compensates for the absense of brass instruements in tutti orchestration.
	www.sccs.swarthmore.edu /users/01/janeng/music.html (1086 words)

	The Seattle Times: Arts & Entertainment: Trimpin's creativity plays out at ConWorks
		ELLEN M. Trimpin's "Sheng High," made up of tall bamboo tripods and a 60-foot wall mural of shiny disks, is his first major new sound installation since the 1990s.
		The exotic Chinese reed instrument sparked the idea for such diverse European instruments as the accordion, the harmonica and the pump organ.
		When "Sheng High" is reinstalled next year in Pullman at the Washington State University Museum of Art, Trimpin will arrange the score on a wall that is 30 feet longer than at ConWorks — and you can bet he will use the extra space to try out new sounds.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/artsentertainment/2002529544_visart30.html (1026 words)

	World Instrument Gallery
		There are a few instruments that are displayed that are in collections by other world musicians in the Vancouver, Canada area as well.
		Free reed instruments were virtually unknown in the West until Pierre Amiot introduced a sheng to European instrument makers in the 17th Century, which resulted in the invention of the harmonica, accordion, concertina and reed organ.
		Most jaw harps are very quiet instruments played alone or in duets, however some European metal jaw harps are made very loud to be played in ensembles with other instruments.
	www.asza.com /ihm.shtml (1483 words)

	Red Silk Dance, Bright Sheng
		Sheng's new piece is a 15-minute musical hors d'oeuvre, a genre that has virtually disappeared...[His] music is bright, ingenious, and entertaining.
		When it becomes impossible to play any faster, the music morphs into a clam and atmospheric slow movement that gives way to a bit of scherzo scampering over the whole range of the keyboard before returning to the opening material for the finale.
		Sheng's Red Silk Dance, a capriccio for piano and orchestra, is said to take its inspiration from the Silk Road.
	www.schirmer.com /default.aspx?TabId=2420&State_2874=2&WorkId_2874=32930 (297 words)

	infoweb: Woodwind - A woodwind instrument is a musical instrument in w...
		A woodwind instrument is a musical instrument in which sound is produced by blowing against an edge or by a vibrating reed, and in which the pitch is varied by opening or closing holes in the body of the instrument using a mouthpiece.
		Single Reed instruments use a reed -- a thinly sliced piece of cane, (or less frequently, plastic)-- that is held against the aperture of the mouthpiece with a ligature.
		Brass instruments, on the other hand, are highly directional, with most of the sound produced travelling straight outward from the bell.
	www.infoweb.co.nz /woodwind (400 words)

	Accordion History in China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Of east Asian origin, it is one of the oldest Chinese instruments and one of the oldest known mouth organs.
		The Sheng is the only Chinese instrument which usually sounds more than one note at a time, making it useful for solo performances.
		The introduction of the Sheng into Europe in 1777 by Pere Amiot stimulated the use of the free reed principle in the construction of organs and other instruments, including the development of the accordion.
	www.accordions.com /index/his/his_cn.shtml (1096 words)

	Sheng (instrument) - Wikipedia Mirror (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Chinese sheng (Chinese: 笙, Pinyin shēng) is a mouth-blown free reed instrument (the first) consisting essentially of vertical tubes, in the Chinese orchestra.
		===Traditional sheng=== The traditional sheng is an early type of sheng, which has seventeen, twenty-one, twenty-four or thirty holes (depending on development) attached near the bottom of the reeds of the respective pipes.
		This article relating to musical instruments is a stub.
	www.wiki-mirror.be /index.php/Sheng_(instrument) (188 words)

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