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Topic: Shepseskaf

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	EgyptSites - Shepseskaf
		Shepseskaf was the last pharaoh of Dynasty IV and the son of Menkaure.
		Shepseskaf's causeway, constructed from white-painted mudbrick, adjoined the mortuary temple at the south-eastern corner of the courtyard wall.
		Shepseskaf reigned for only around four years and was perhaps also limited by economic factors in a time which may well have been unstable, choosing to construct a provisional monument which may have been later intended to become a larger tomb or pyramid.
	www.egyptsites.co.uk /lower/saqqara/pyramids/shepseskaf.html (680 words)

	Dynasty 4 - Snefru, Cheops, Radjedef, Chephren, Menkaure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Shepseskaf completed the pyramid complex with mudbrick and left an inscription inside the Valley Temple indicating that he built the temple for the memory of his father.
		Menkaure is therefore succeeded by Shepseskaf, a son of Menkaure by an unknown minor wife.
		After Shepseskaf died, Khentkawes, another child of Menkaure by a minor wife and Shepseskaf's half-sister, married a nobleman named Userkaf, who was the great grandson of Pharaoh Khufu.
	www.crystalinks.com /dynasty4a.html (1940 words)

	King Shepseskaf and His Mysterious Tomb at Saqqara
		The core of the mastaba was built in two levels of large, grayish yellow limestone blocks that originated in the stone quarries west of the pyramids at Dahshur.
		He was rather convinced that Shepseskaf choose the mastaba style tomb as an intentional protest against the priesthood of the cult of Re, the sun god, which was gaining considerable influence.
		Regarding Shepseskaf's use of a mastaba rather than a pyramid as a protest against the priesthood of Re, Ricke believed that the obelisk, rather than the pyramid, was considered by the Egyptians to be the symbol of the sun.
	touregypt.net /featurestories/shepseskaf.htm (1977 words)

	Egyptian Pharaohs : Old Kingdom : Dynasty 4 : Shepsekaf
		The last pharaoh of the fourth dynasty if Shepseskaf, the eldest son of Menkaure.
		Shepseskaf did not built a pyramid, but instead built a large, sarcophagus shaped mastaba in Saqqara.
		Traditionally, Shepseskaf was the last leader of the dynasty, and with him, the great monumental builders of the period did not repeat themselves in later dynasties.
	www.phouka.com /pharaoh/pharaoh/dynasties/dyn04/06shepsekaf.html (411 words)

	The Ancient Egypt Site - Shepseskaf (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		According to the Turin King-list, Shepseskaf's reign lasted for only four years.This may correspond well with the fact that the highest attested year for this king is the year after the first cattle count.
		Shepseskaf chose not to have a pyramid, but a sarcophagus-like mastaba as a tomb and he moved back to the cemetery of Saqqara.
		This is seen by some Egyptologists as a sign of shifting beliefs, by others as a sign that he wanted to distance himself from the building policy of his forefathers.
	www.ancient-egypt.org.cob-web.org:8888 /kings/0407_shepseskaf/history.html (232 words)

	The Pyramid of Shepseskaf (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Shepseskaf built an enigmatic structure in South Saqqara which the locals call Mastabat el-Fara'un.
		It's ironic that Pepi II and Shepseskaf, located next to each other, represent the end of the old kingdom and the end of the majestic fourth dynasty.
		The riddle of why Shepseskaf built his tomb here, and why he choose a mastaba like structure is not yet resolved by Egyptologist.
	egyptphoto.ncf.ca.cob-web.org:8888 /pyramid%20of%20shepseskaf.htm (221 words)

	The Ancient Egypt Site - The Tomb of Shepseskaf
		Shepseskaf was the first king to return to Saqqara after most of his 4th Dynasty predecessors had either preferred Dashur in the South (Snofru) or Abu Rawash (Djedefre) and Giza (Kheops, Khefren and Mykerinos) in the North to build their funerary monuments.
		Whatever Shepseskaf's motivations for returning to Saqqara may have been, it is perhaps also telling that he moved to an area in Saqqara that does not appear to have been used before: Saqqara-South.
		Even in the choice of his funerary monument, Shepseskaf chose not to follow the standard established by his ancestors.
	www.ancient-egypt.org /topography/saqqara/shepseskaf/index.html (440 words)

	Saqqara
		Shepseskaf also differs from his 4th Dynasty predecessors in the type of monument he had built.
		For unknown reasons, Shepseskaf decided not to build a pyramid or a Step-Pyramid, but a tomb shaped like a large sarcophagus.
		This innovation would, however, be very short-lived, as Shepseskaf’s successor, Userkaf, the founder of the 5th Dynasty, returned to the more traditional pyramid-tomb.
	people.zeelandnet.nl /jedengel/egypte/sites/saqqara.htm (3299 words)

	Shepseskaf
		Shepseskaf se decanta por la teología menfita abandonando al clero de Heliópolis y mostrando su preferencia por el clero de Ptah, del cual puede destacarse una concepción distinta de la persona y una especie de “monoteísmo filosófico”.
		Shepseskaf dejó una inscripción en el Templo del Valle en la que se indica que construyó ese templo en memoria de su padre.
		Shepseskaf se construye una gran mastaba con forma de sarcófago rectangular en el Sur de Saqqara.
	www.egiptomania.com /historia/shepseskaf.htm (1055 words)

	Saqqara Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Shepseskaf was buried not within a pyramid but under a huge mastaba, now known as the Mastabat el-Fara’un or ‘Pharaoh’s bench’, at South Saqqara.
		Here, remains were found of a stone sarcophagus that was also similar to that of Shepseskaf’s predecessor, carved with niches, panelling, and a cavetto cornice.
		From the southeast of the antechamber another short passage leads to six niches similarly arranged to those in the tombs of Mycerinos and Khentkawes at Giza.
	www.let.leidenuniv.nl /saqqara/Saqqara/Monuments/shepseskaf.html (261 words)

	Egyptian kings - Shepeseskaf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The oldest son of Menkaure - Khuenre, had died, and the new king Shepseskaf was not necessarily another son.
		His reign was short but he manage to erect a very odd monument for his tomb and he also moved away from the Giza area.
		This is the only one of its kind and it was hardly finished when Shepseskaf died without leaving an heir.
	www.nemo.nu /ibisportal/0egyptintro/3egypt/3sidor/3shepseskaf.htm (120 words)

	Menkaure
		Menkaure is famous for having built the 3rd (and by far, smallest) of the pyramids at Giza.
		The pyramid had to be completed by his son, Shepseskaf.
		He was preceded by his father, Khafre or an unknown king, and succeeded by his son, Shepseskaf.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/menkaure.htm (140 words)

	SAQQARA
		Mastaba el-Faraun, the tomb of Shepseskaf, who was the last Pharaoh of the 4th Dynasty and the son of Menkaure.
		It is the tomb of Shepseskaf, who was the last Pharaoh of the 4th Dynasty and the son of Menkaure.
		Unlike his immediate predecessors and his successors, Shepseskaf chose the form of a mastaba rather then a pyramid for his tomb.
	www.egyptologyonline.com /saqqara.htm (1589 words)

	Egyptvoyager.com: The Giza Plateau, Egypt - The Pyramid of Menkaure
		The pharoah, who ruled for at least 26 years, died before his furerary complex was completed, and parts of it were finished by his son Shepseskaf.
		Many additions were made to the complex during the Fifth and Sixth dynasties, indicating that, despite his untimely death, the king's cult flourished for more than three centuries.
		The causeway, which is 1,995 feet (608m) long, was never finished properly, although Menkaure's son, Shepseskaf, finished it off with mudbrick after his father's death.
	www.egyptvoyager.com /pyramids_giza_menkaure.htm (209 words)

	EgyptSites - Menkaure
		The pyramid appears to have been unfinished at the death of the king and was completed in mudbrick by Menkaure's son Shepseskaf, and later additions were built to his temples during Dynasties V and VI, suggesting that his mortuary cult was still flourishing then.
		The structure was built around a rectangular courtyard, leading to a portico with a double colonnade flanked to the north and south by store-rooms and niches and to the inner sanctuary.
		Menkaure's causeway was apparently completed by Shepseskaf, in mudbrick rather than limestone, but never reaching as far as his valley temple.
	www.egyptsites.co.uk /lower/giza/pyramids/menkaure.html (1068 words)

	The Pharoahs Network - Old Kingdom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Shepseskaf was the sixth king of the 4th Dynasty.
		Shepseskaf was in power through a very difficult political period, during which there were many confrentations with various priests.
		He completed his predecessors' monuments, but some records indicate that he was not descended from a royal line.
	www.thepharaohs.net /Ancient/old_kingdom/PharaohsFull.cfm (1681 words)

	4th Dynasty (The Old Kingdom of the Pharaonic Era) ... youregypt.com
		Shepseskaf ruled for about 5 years that featured a discontentment between his priests over his handling of religion.
		The dynasty may have ended by the rule of Queen Khentkawes.
		By the end of Shepseskaf's rule at around 2467 BC, the great fourth dynasty ended to carve a landmark in Egypt's ancient history.
	www.youregypt.com /ehistory/history/pharaonic/oldkingdom/4th.htm (347 words)

	Menkaure's pyramid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		He died before his funerary complex was completed and his son Shepseskaf finished the rest of it.
		His son and successor Shepseskaf never even started a pyramid.
		Shepseskaf finished the 660m causeway in mudbrick, but he didn't completly finish it.
	www.cob.montevallo.edu /McCaryCT/men_pyr.html (309 words)

	Mykerinos...Egypt Travel Guide online
		One of these wives bore him a son, Shepseskaf, his successor, and another bore him a daughter, Khentkaus I, who was said to have married Userkaf, the first king of the 5th Dynasty.
		This may have been caused by the fact that his pyramid, built next to the pyramids of Kheops and Khefren, was slightly less than half the size of these two great pyramids.
		The mortuary temple built in front of his pyramid was completed, be it somewhat hastily, by his successor Shepseskaf.
	www.memphistours.com /Egypt.php?ID=270 (293 words)

	King Shepseskaf and His Mysterious Tomb at Saqqara (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		His birth name was Shepseskaf, meaning "His Soul is Noble", and like everything else about him, seems out of place.
		Certainly there was a valley temple connected with this tomb, but its remains have never been unearthed.
		This theory, along with several of its components can be easily attacked, and have been from a number of different directions.
	www.touregypt.net.cob-web.org:8888 /featurestories/shepseskaf.htm (1980 words)

	The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map: Shepseskaf's Mastaba Pyramid
		Shepseskaf built only this small 2 step mastaba about 2 Km north of the Dashour Red Pyramid.
		It is in an area only accessible to serious 4 wheel drive vehicles due to deep soft sand and could not be photographed from close up, although access is generally permitted.
		Shepseskaf was the the son of Menkaure and last Pharao of the 4th Dynasty.
	www.megalithic.co.uk /article.php?sid=13898 (531 words)

	The Plateau - Official Website of Dr. Zahi Hawass - King Menkaure
		He built the smallest pyramid at the Giza plateau, and is called "Menkaure is Divine." The pyramid is remarkable because it is the only pyramid in Dynasty IV that was cased in 16 layers of granite, Menkaure planned to cover the surface with granite but he could not because of his sudden death.
		It is believed that she is buried in Giza.
		Shepseskaf completed the pyramid complex of his father with mudbrick and left an inscription inside the Valley Temple indicating that he built the temple for the memory of his father.
	guardians.net /hawass/menkaure.htm (1049 words)

	Pyramid of Mycerinus (Menkaure), Egypt. Travel guide & tourist information by Hostelbookers.com
		Though started by Chephren's successor, Menkaure (called Mycerinus by the Greeks), it was finished with unseemly haste by his son Shepseskaf, who seemingly enjoyed less power than his predecessors and depended on the priesthood.
		Northwest of the latter lies the sarcophagus-shaped Tomb of Queen Khentkawes, an intriguing figure who appears to have bridged the transition between the IV and V dynasties.
		Apparently married to Shepseskaf, the last IV Dynasty ruler, she may have wed a priest of the sun-god after his demise and gone on to bear several kings who were buried at Saqqara or Abu Sir (where she also built a pyramid).
	www.hostelbookers.com /guides/egypt/pyramid_of_mycerinus_(menkaure) (407 words)

	IVth Dynasty
		Sarcophagus had been robbed by R.W. Vyse and sunk with a ship transporting it near coasts of Spain.
		Vast part of mortuary complex (lower and upper mortuary temples and a ramp) was completed by Shepseskaf, the son and successor of Menkaure.
		He was worshipped after his death as confirmed in decrees issued by Shepseskaf, Nemtiemsaf and Pepi II.
	nar-mer.tripod.com /dyn/04en.htm (1369 words)

	Guardian's Ancient Egypt Discussion Board: Queen's Pyramids
		This king may have been Shepseskaf, or an ephemeral successor of Menkaure : the Turin Canon gives two reign lengths (names lost) of 4 and 2 years after [Menkaure]'s 18 (or 28) years.
		Maybe she was then buried in GIII a, the royal satellite pyramid, even though a cult place was established alongside the unfinished pyramid originally destined to hold her body (a situation much like that at Dahchur under Snefru).
		"[...] at the time of Shepseskaf, (I am) he who he raised among the king's children at the Palace, in the king's room, in the residence of the royal family, he who was more honored in front of the king than any other young man, Ptah-shepses.
	egyptologist.org /discus/messages/8/2231.html?1027240903 (6636 words)

	National Geographic: Egypt--Pyramid of Menkaure at Giza (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Menkaure died unexpectedly, and work on his pyramid complex was abandoned.
		Menkaure's heir, Shepseskaf, likely later completed the complex using mud brick.
		CLASSIC FACT: Excavators found a sarcophagus in Menkaure's burial chamber in the 1800s and sent it to England.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /pyramids/menkaure.html (160 words)

	The Inscription of Ptahshepses
		Being brought up with the royal children in the kAp, the royal nursery, Ptahshepses received the best education available in Egypt.
		in the time of Shepseskaf; whom he educated among the king's children, in the palace of the king, in the privy chamber, in the royal harem; who was more honored before the king than any youth; Ptahshepses......
		His majesty gave to him the king's eldest daughter, Matkha as his wife, for his majesty desired that she should be with him more than with anyone; Ptahshepses.
	www.reshafim.org.il /ad/egypt/texts/ptahshepses.htm (401 words)

	The California Institute for Ancient Studies - List of Dynasties
		(9) When Sahura moved to Elephantine, his position was taken over by Shepseskaf, who is the same person as Manetho's Seberkheres and who represented an ephemeral restitution of the line of Menkaure.
		Shown are also two carnelian, turquoise & laspis lazuli inlaid silver bracelets found in the Giza tomb of Queen Hetepheres.
		14) The cartouches of Menkaure and Shepseskaf occur on an inscribed stone ornament of some type citing the biography of the high official Ptahshepses.
	www.specialtyinterests.net /dyn4.html (2269 words)

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