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	Husein Ibn 'Ali - LoveToKnow 1911
		"HUSEIN IBN 'ALI (1856-), Emir or Sherif of Mecca and first King of the Hejaz, came of the `Abadila clan of the Ashraf (see 2.262) and was grandson of the first `Abadila Emir, u ho died in 1858.
		He was born at Constantinople, but at the age of eight was taken to Mecca, where he followed a course of Moslem studies.
		On the death of Sherif `Ali, successor of 'Nun, Husein's uncle, `Abdulla, was nominated to the Sherifate by the Porte, but he died on his way to Mecca and Husein was appointed in 1908 in his place.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Husein_Ibn_'Ali (318 words)

	The man who would be king of Iraq \| csmonitor.com
		Iraq should be ruled by a constitutional monarchy, says Sherif Ali bin Hussein - and he, as the chosen prince of the Hashemite royal family, should be the one to steer the country toward stability.
		Sherif Ali insists that most Iraqis would choose to be ruled once again by a monarchy to restore security and unite an Iraq splintered into a patchwork of ethnic and religious groups.
		Sherif Ali, who talks the talk of a thoughtful, 21st-century monarch, says Iraq needs a system that is, "open, liberal, modern, and just." A return to monarchy isn't reactionary, he says.
	www.csmonitor.com /2003/0627/p07s01-woiq.html?worldNav (1146 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Husayn
		In 1908 he succeeded as grand sherif of Mecca and thus became ruler of the Hejaz under the Ottoman Empire.
		Mecca; son of Husayn ibn Ali of the Hashemite family.
		The third son of Husayn ibn Ali, sherif of Mecca, he is also called Faisal ibn Husayn.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Husayn (565 words)

	Hejaz
		Hejaz (also Hijaz, Hedjaz) is a region in the northwest of present-day Saudi Arabia; its most prominent city is Mecca.
		Under the control of regional powers such as Egypt or the Ottoman Empire through most of its history, Hejaz enjoyed a brief period of political independence in the early 20th century.
		In 1916 its independence was proclaimed by Husain ibn Ali[?], the sherif of Mecca.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/he/Hejaz.html (120 words)

	Kitchener and Arab National Movement, 1912-1914
		The position of the Grand Sherif of Mecca differs considerably from that of other Arab potentates in as much as he is always invested with his authority by the Sultan's firman, and is in close touch with the capital, where several members of his family ordinarily reside.
		The Sherif seemed to be disappointed with the result of his visit to Constantinople and with the determination of the Turkish Gov[ernmen]t to push the railway on to Mecca which he saw would mean the economic death of the camel-owning population of Arabia.
		On my remarking that the Sherif of Mecca was, in the last analysis, a nominee of the Porte and thus liable to arbitrary dismissal, Kitchener said that whatever their powers in theory, in practice the Turks would be reluctant to depose the Sherif.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/1914m/arabetuk.html (7271 words)

	Faisal ibn Husseini
		Amir Faisal ibn Husseini was born in Mecca on May 20, 1885.
		His father, Husseini ibn Ali was Sherif of Mecca under the Ottoman Empire.
		In 1908, Faisal returned to Mecca with his father and began to gain power in the Arab world.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/ibnHusseini.html (237 words)

	T. E. Lawrence, 'Seven Pillars of Wisdom', 1926 subscribers' abridgement
		The position of the Sherif of Mecca had long been anomalous.
		The title of 'Sherif' implied descent from the prophet Mohammed through his daughter Fatima, and Hassan, her elder son.
		Authentic Sherifs were inscribed on the family tree - an immense roll preserved at Mecca, in custody of the Emir of Mecca, the elected Sherif of Sherifs, supposed to be the senior and noblest of all.
	telawrence.net /telawrencenet/works/spw/sp_00_005.htm (2241 words)

	MeccaMiles.com Articles
		In the years 1915-1916 the British government making packs in ten letters to Sherif Hussein of Mecca promising them if they support their war efforts they will give them independance in all the arab regions specified in Sherif Husseins demands.
		Meanwhile before the sun came up the next day the British government was talking secretly with France and Russia for the dividing among themselves the Asiatic provinces of the Ottoman Empire after they won.
		The lands Sherif of Mecca had asked for were among those Ottoman lands.
	www.meccamiles.com /articles/ReadArticle.php?ID=2 (638 words)

	untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		It was revealed in asnwer to questions posed by Mirza Muhit, a Shaykhi leader who had presented many questions to the Bab while in Mecca.
		It included the station of the Bab and invited the sherif to the cause and its service.
		The sherif failed to respond to the call of the Divine message.
	freespace.virgin.net /n.mohajer/bahai/babtablets.htm (300 words)

	Labor Party Pakistan \| Imperialism is Mother of Saudi Fundamentalism
		In 1914 the British armed forces chief Lord Kitchener offered the Sherif of Mecca a deal under which Hijaz would acquire independence, guaranteed by the UK, on condition that the Sherif supported the military campaign against the Turks.
		The Sherif accepted, and after the Turkish defeat, the Kingdom of Hijaz was recognised as independent at the 1920 Treaty of Sèvres.
		Mecca and Medina, was held in great esteem by Muslims.
	www.laborpakistan.org /articles/intl/saudifund.php (1172 words)

	Historical Documents
		England to approve of the proclamation of an Arab Khalifate of Islam.
		SECONDLY, the Arab Government of the Sherif to acknowledge that England shall have the preference in all economic enterprises in the Arab countries whenever conditions of enterprises are otherwise equal.
		Moreover, we (the Sherif's family) will consider ourselves free in word and deed from the bonds of our previous declaration which we made through Ali Effendi [The Sherif's messenger and aide].
	alcor.concordia.ca /~pal/History/docs/doc7-2.html (279 words)

	Boston.com / News / Boston Globe / Editorial / Opinion / Op-ed / Saudis waking up to terrorist threat
		Austere, intolerant, well armed, and blood-thirsty, in their own regions the Wahhabis are a distinct factor which must be taken into account.
		Ibn Saud had to forcibly suppress the Ikhwan, whom he called his "murderous innocents." In 1979 a band of militants took over the Great Mosque in Mecca, and the loudspeakers that traditionally call the faithful to prayer sounded forth with denunciations of corruption among the Saudi royals -- a charge not altogether unfounded.
		After the May terrorist incidents in Saudi Arabia and this summer's bloody crackdowns, it would seem that the Saudis have finally awakened to the extent to which their kingdom has become a cauldron of terrorists.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2003/10/03/saudis_waking_up_to_terrorist_threat (737 words)

	The Arab Revolt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		British wartime fortunes in the Middle East improved considerably in mid-1916 when the Sherif of Mecca raised a revolt in the Hejaz against Turkish rule.
		The Sherif had already done the British a service by refusing a Turkish request to declare a Holy War (Jihad) against them.
		To allow the Arabs to operate freely further north on the left flank of the Turkish forces opposing the British, it was first necessary to expel the enemy from the port of Aqaba on the Red Sea.
	www.westernfront.co.uk /thegreatwar/articles/timeline/arabrev.htm (537 words)

	Crash Course in Jewish History Part 64 - The British Mandate
		It was a monarchy with Faisal ibn Hussein, the son of Hussein the Sherif of Mecca, as king.
		In 1927, the British installed Abdullah ibn Hussein, another son of the Sherif of Mecca, as emir of the new country called Trans-Jordan, later Jordan.
		The sons of the Sherif of Mecca were made rulers of Iraq and Jordan.
	www.aish.com /literacy/jewishhistory/Crash_Course_in_Jewish_History_Part_64_-_The_British_Mandate.asp (3027 words)

	United Nations: I. The Beginnings Of The Palestine Issue
		In the course of the protracted correspondence, the Sherif unequivocally demanded "independence of the Arab countries", specifying in detail the boundaries of the territories in question, which clearly included Palestine.
		To assuage Arab apprehensions aroused by the revelation of the Sykes-Picot agreement by the Soviet Government after the 1917 revolution, and by certain conflicting statements of British policy (see section II), further assurances followed concerning the future of Arab territories.
		A historical footnote to the Anglo-Arab understandings appeared in the "Feisal Documents", consisting of correspondence exchanges in 1919 between Sherif Husain's son and Weizmann.
	www.palestineremembered.com /Acre/United-Nations,-The-Palestine-Problem/Story713.html (1484 words)

	Hejaz. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In 1517 it came under Turkish suzerainty, although nominal rule remained in the hands of the Hashemite sherifs of Mecca.
		To improve communications, the Turks built the Hejaz railway (completed 1908) from Damascus to Medina; it was severely damaged during World War I and later abandoned.
		The Hejaz was in 1916 proclaimed independent by Husayn ibn Ali, the sherif of Mecca, who with the aid of T. Lawrence destroyed Turkish authority.
	www.bartleby.com /65/he/Hejaz.html (331 words)

	Seven Pillars of Wisdom, by T. E. Lawrence (chapter5) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Authentic Sherifs were inscribed on the family tree—an immense roll preserved at Mecca, in custody of the Emir of Mecca, the elected Sherif of Sherifs, supposed to be the senior and noblest of all.
		As the Sultan grew stronger there he ventured to assert himself more and more alongside the Sherif, even in Mecca itself, and upon occasion ventured to depose a Sherif too magnificent for his views, and to appoint a successor from a rival family of the clan in hopes of winning the usual advantages from dissension.
		There was reason to fear that the Indian food-ships would cease to come (since the Sherif became technically an enemy subject); and as the province produced almost no food of its own, it would be precariously dependent on the goodwill of the Turks, who might starve it by closing the Hejaz Railway.
	etext.library.adelaide.edu.au /l/lawrence/te/seven/chapter5.html (2125 words)

	[No title]
		Surely al-Sherif Hussein as well as the rest of the Arabs would have preferred the Turks who were Moslems to a Christian ally or government, " the Arabs believing, rightly, that there would be little sense in their helping to defeat the Turks if this merely meant exchanging one master for another".
		He says only way to bring sense and continuity into operation is to have English staff at Rabegh dealing direct with Sherif Ali and Sherif Faisal without referring details to Sherif of Mecca of whom they are all respectfully afraid.
		I have chosen only the most significant accounts where Lawrence's tales, adventures, raids and expeditions are elaborated and extended to cover many pages in Seven Pillars of Wisdom instead of one or two in his official reports, and where he mixed up names of the persons, leaders and facts.
	www.al-bushra.org /arabwrld/lawrance.htm (8814 words)

	Terrorism1
		Between 1919-1926 the Wahhabi Saud tribe conquered the western Arabian province of Hejaz, with its Holy Cities of Mecca and Medina, from Sherif Hussein of the Hashemite dynasty.
		The Hashemites were direct descendents of Muhammad, Prophet of Islam, and the traditional guardians of Mecca and Medina.
		Shortly before his overthow Hussein, the Sherif of Mecca and Medina, had his son, Emir Feisal, sign an agreement with Chaim Weizmann (January 3, 1919) that the Jewish people could have Palestine for a Jewish State.
	www.christiantrumpetsounding.com /Terrorism1.htm (1250 words)

	Saudi Arabia History and Government \| AME Info Country Guide
		The year AD 622, which has been adopted as the beginning of the Muslim era, was significant for the flight of the Prophet Muhammad from his home town of Mecca to nearby Medina, where he organised his followers before launching a successful campaign to recapture Mecca.
		The towns of Mecca and Medina, both of which were thriving cultural and commercial centres before and after Muhammad, are the holiest cities of Islam and the Saudis take the responsibility for protecting their integrity with the utmost seriousness.
		Arabia was absorbed into the Turkish Ottoman Empire during the 16th century, after the capture of Mecca by the Turks in 1517, but subsequent local rulers were allowed a great deal of autonomy.
	www.ameinfo.com /saudi_arabia_history_government (1465 words)

	Saudi Arabia Revisited - ASPO Ireland (Peak Oil) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		He sponsored the Grand Sherif of Mecca, who held dominion over the western part of the Peninsula including what is now Palestine, claiming to be a direct descendent of the Prophet.
		A British army, assisted by Arab irregulars led by Faisal, the son of the Grand Sherif, marched north to eventually take Palestine and Syria on the promise of the creation of an Arab Kingdom, once the hostilities were over.
		This left the door open for the further conquests by ibn Saud, who eventually proclaimed the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932 that was duly recognised by Britain in return for guarantees for the territorial integrity of the Gulf sheikhdoms.
	www.peakoil.ie /newsletters/779 (2343 words)

	Arab Revolt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Arab Revolt: The uprising by the Sherif of Mecca and his son against the Turkish Ottomans in June 1916.
		Later the Arab guerillas sabotaged the Hejaz railway between Mecca and Damascus, which was a Turkish supply route.
		They setup an Arab government in Damascus under King Faisal I, son of Sharif Hussein of Mecca.
	www.damascus-online.com /se/hist/arab_revolt.htm (83 words)

	National Consolidation Committee
		The Sherif was, however, too busy to read the letter.
		Seven years later, a Bábi who went on the pilgrimage met the Sherif who remembered a young man bringing him a letter which he accepted but did not read.
		The verses of the letter were like the Qur'an and told of a Man of the Family of Muhammad who had a new Message from God.
	bci.org /ukschools/ncc/les14.htm (590 words)

	Channel4.com - The First World War - text only
		When the war started, he was seconded to British intelligence in Palestine to provide liaison with the Arab peoples of the Hejaz, an area of north-western Arabia.
		He quickly built a strong relationship with Hussein, sherif of Mecca, and one of his sons, Feisal.
		Lawrence's genius lay in his appreciation of the Arabs' guerrilla warfare skills and his penchant for the unconventional.
	www.channel4.com /history/microsites/F/firstworldwar/cont_jihad_6_t.html (457 words)

	The Sykes-Picot Agreement
		That in the blue area France, and in the red area Great Britain, shall be allowed to establish such direct or indirect administration or control as they desire and as they may think fit to arrange with the Arab state or confederation of Arab states.
		That in the brown area there shall be established an international administration, the form of which is to be decided upon after consultation with Russia, and subsequently in consultation with the other allies, and the representatives of the Sherif of Mecca.
		That Great Britain be accorded (1) the ports of Haifa and acre, (2) guarantee of a given supply of water from the Tigris and Euphrates in area (a) for area (b).
	www.mideastinfo.com /documents/sykes-picot.htm (606 words)

	The Arabian Revolt
		Arab nationalist societies in the northern regions (Syria and Palestine) had been persecuted by the Turks, and when the Turks joined the war in 1915, they tried to pressure the local Arab leaders to declare jihad against the British.
		The British pledged support, which was eventually forthcoming in 1916.
		Later he would exchange this title for that of "King of the Hejaz".
	members.tripod.com /~Brickie/arabia.html (654 words)

	The Islamic World to 1600: The Rise of the Great Islamic Empires (Ottomans: Relations with the Islamic World)
		The Ottomans argued that the Mamluks - lacking both a navy and modern firearms - were ill-equipped to defend Islamic lands from the Portuguese.
		Particularly worrisome for the Ottomans was the threat to the Mamluk-controlled holy cities of Mecca and Medina that the Portuguese posed in the Red Sea.
		The Sherif of Mecca, a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad, gave Selim the keys to the city for both Mecca and Medina.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/ottoman/ottoman4.html (838 words)

	Lawrence of Arabia
		1916 -- the Sherif of Mecca, Hussein, revolts against the Ottoman Empire.
		The Sherif and his family were in charge of the Muslim holy places at Mecca and Medina.
		Lawrence sent to Mecca on a fact-finding mission, ultimately becoming the British liaison officer to the Arabs.
	www.vernonjohns.org /snuffy1186/lawrence.html (1090 words)

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