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Topic: Shiite

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	Online NewsHour: Update \| Sunni-Shiite Struggle Driving Iraq Violence \| January 9, 2007 \| PBS
		Overwhelmingly, strife between Sunni and Shiite Iraqis is driving the upsurge in violence.
		Sunni and Shiite Muslims in Iraq and elsewhere have a long history of conflict, but also, at many points over the past 14 centuries, of living together peacefully.
		Meanwhile, the predecessors of the Shiites began to call Ali and his descendents "Imams," and considered them their leaders.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/updates/middle_east/jan-june07/sunni-shiite_01-09.html (1286 words)

	Shiites. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Shiite Islam originated as a political movement supporting Ali (cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam) as the rightful leader of the Islamic state.
		The religious authority of the Shiite clerics is derived from their role as deputies of the absent 12th Imam; they are as such the recipients of the khums religious tax, a source of substantial economic autonomy.
		In Iran, the Safavid adoption of a Shiite state religion led to the expansion of clerical involvement in public life, under the tutelage of the political elite.
	www.bartleby.com /65/sh/Shiites.html (626 words)

	Iraq Gunmen Kill 10 Shiites, Abduct 50 - General - RedOrbit
		Shiite Muslims, a minority in that district, have routinely come under attack from Sunni insurgents who control the territory.
		Shiite pilgrims have become a favorite target of Sunni gunmen, although it was not immediately known where the victims of Saturday night's assault were headed.
		The Shiites are falling in large numbers as well in attacks from a growing network of Sunni insurgent groups, including radical organizations such as al-Qaida in Iraq.
	www.redorbit.com /news/general/727613/iraq_gunmen_kill_10_shiites_abduct_50/?source=r_general (713 words)

	Islam's Sunni-Shiite split \| csmonitor.com
		The Shiites were the eventual losers in a violent struggle for mastery that lasted decades, a fact now reflected in their minority status within global Islam.
		Shiite veneration of the holy family, that is, the descendants of Muhammad, has contributed to a much more centralized and hierarchical clergy than in the Sunni world.
		The major Shiite holidays celebrate the glorious defeats and martyrdoms of Imam Ali and Imam Hussein, Ali's son, as typified by the preeminent Shiite holiday of Ashura, which marks the slaughter of Hussein and his followers outside the Iraqi city of Karbala by a Sunni caliph in 680.
	www.csmonitor.com /2007/0117/p25s01-wome.html (1127 words)

	Foreign Affairs - When the Shiites Rise - Vali Nasr
		Shiites account for about 90 percent of Iranians, some 70 percent of the people living in the Persian Gulf region, and approximately 50 percent of those in the arc from Lebanon to Pakistan -- some 140 million people in all.
		Recent events in Iraq have already mobilized the Shiites of Saudi Arabia (about 10 percent of the population); during the 2005 Saudi municipal elections, turnout in Shiite-dominated regions was twice as high as it was elsewhere.
		The Shiites of Lebanon (who amount to about 45 percent of the country's population) have touted the formula, as have the Shiites in Bahrain (who represent about 75 percent of the population there), who will cast their ballots in parliamentary elections in the fall.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /20060701faessay85405/vali-nasr/when-the-shiites-rise.htmll (1307 words)

	Shiites — Infoplease.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The religious authority of the Shiite clerics is derived from their role as deputies of the absent 12th Imam; they are as such the recipients of the
		The Shiite Shockwave: Already, a subtle shift in power is underway in the Muslim Middle East.
		Shiites: at the cutting edge of Islamic revolution.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/society/A0844916.html (648 words)

	The Shi'ite Factor in Gulf Politics
		One Al Qaeda website called Shi'ites, "the most evil people on the face of the earth." Their hatred takes on a form similar to the early 20th century European hatred of Jews.
		Salafist hatred of Shi'ite centers on the Mongol sack of Baghdad in the 13th century.
		Fundamentalist Sunnis are outnumbered by Shi'ites in the Gulf, and they are determined to hold onto their power — the Saudi state, religious, and educational institutions.
	web.mit.edu /ssp/fall03/doran.htm (1055 words)

	IRAQ: Shiites - Council on Foreign Relations
		Shiites are also divided by region, class, tribal affiliation, and ethnicity.
		Shiites, who account for 10 percent to 20 percent of the world's Muslims, believe Islam's leader should be a descendant of the Prophet Mohammed.
		Shiites revere Ali ibn Abi Talib, the Prophet Mohammed's cousin and son-in-law, who was killed while serving as the top leader, or Caliph, of Islam in the 7th century.
	www.cfr.org /background/background_iraq_shiites2.php (2400 words)

	Post-Saddam Iraq: The Shiite Factor (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In Shiite Islam, the clergy are traditionally far less dependent on the central governments for their livelihood and funds than among Sunnis.
		Every religious Shiite is obliged to follow a senior religious leader (muqallad), and to contribute a certain percentage of his or her income to this person.
		The danger from the radical Islamist clergy is that they may be able to tap into Shiite public enthusiasm for their new freedom, and if they are swept to power on a wave of such enthusiasm they may be impossible to dislodge.
	www.brookings.edu /views/op-ed/fellows/baram20030430.htm (3412 words)

	Sunni Arabs Concerned Over a 'Shiite Crescent' of Power
		Shiites, who make up about 60 percent of Iraq's 25 million people, were long marginalized during the rule of Saddam Hussein and under previous Iraqi governments, which were dominated by Sunni Arabs.
		Shiites form the overwhelming majority in Iraq and Iran, are the largest of 18 religious sects in Lebanon and are a slight majority in Sunni-ruled Bahrain.
		Many Arabs, especially in countries where there is no Shiite presence, view the Shiites, their traditions and practices - beating chests, slashing foreheads, or weeping during religious commemorations - as something alien to their cultures.
	www.truthout.org /cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi/37/8639 (861 words)

	Shiite (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Shiite Muslims are one of the divisions that exist within the religion of Islam.
		The Shiite Muslims believe that Mohammed was the Prophet, but claim that the Qu’ran explicitly showed that Ali was to succeed Mohammed.
		The Shiite prefer to use the Hadith as narrated by Ali and Fatima and their associates.
	www.openflock.org /shiite-muslim.html (643 words)

	The Seattle Times: Nation & World: Shiite-vs.-Sunni violence turns into open warfare
		Over the weekend, Taysser Musawi, a Shiite cleric in Balad, said Shiite leaders in the town had appealed to Muqtada al-Sadr, an influential cleric whose bloc is the largest in Iraq's Shiite-led government, to send militiamen to defend local Shiites and take revenge.
		Witnesses said Shiite fighters began hunting down Sunnis, allegedly setting up checkpoints in the area to stop travelers and demand to know whether they were Shiite or Sunni.
		The organization, also known as the Badr Brigade, is a militia of another large Shiite religious party in Iraq's government, the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/nationworld/2003308395_balad17.html (807 words)

	Iraq, Iran and the New Shiite Crescent
		In Lebanon, which is governed by a coalition of Sunnis, Shiites, and Christians, Hezbollah is leading massive protests that demand Shiite power equivalent to their proportion of the population (with about a third of the population, the Shia are the largest single group in Lebanon).
		They fear tensions with their own Shiite populations and some, like Saudi Arabia, have openly hinted that intervention in Iraq on behalf of Sunnis is a realistic possibility to stop the spread of Iranian influence.
		Shiites in Bahrain and Lebanon have watched the consolidation of power in Iraq and begun to assert themselves politically against governments that are not representative of their populations.
	www.yoursdaily.com /different_views/iraq_iran_and_the_new_shiite_crescent (729 words)

	International Crisis Group - The Shiite Question in Saudi Arabia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Shiites remain under-represented in official positions, and students complain of open hostility from Sunni instructors.
		During much of the nation's history, Shiites were passive but stimulated by events in neighbouring Iran in 1979, their leaders mobilised youth around a message that directly challenged the regime, resonated with feelings of religious and community oppression, and triggered significant mass civil disobedience.
		The Shiite leadership gradually moderated its views, recognising the limitations of agitation and violence and seeking improved ties with a regime whose legitimacy it came to acknowledge and whose role as a bulwark against more extreme Sunni militants it came to accept.
	www.crisisgroup.org /home/index.cfm?id=3678&l=1 (892 words)

	Top Shiite Cleric Is Said to Favor a Coalition for Iraq - New York Times
		As the effective arbiter of a Shiite role in the planned coalition, the ayatollah is considered critical to the Iraqi and American effort.
		In meetings with Shiite politicians at his home in Najaf about two weeks ago, the reclusive ayatollah laid out conditions that the new coalition would have to meet to win his full approval, according to Sheik Humam Hamoudi, a senior Shiite legislator.
		Shiite officials acknowledged in interviews that the disintegration of the Shiite bloc was already under way.
	www.nytimes.com /2006/12/20/world/middleeast/20sistani.html?ex=1324270800&en=561f51cb4eb86a28&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss (926 words)

	Shiite Militia Briefly Seize Iraqi City
		BAGHDAD, Iraq - The Shiite militia run by the anti-American cleric Muqtada al-Sadr briefly seized control of the southern Iraqi city of Amarah on Friday in one of the boldest acts of defiance yet by the country's powerful, unofficial armies.
		Shiite militia violence, mainly against the country's Sunni minority, has ravaged Iraq since February when a Shiite holy place in Samara was blown up.
		Its famed marshlands were drained by former dictator Saddam Hussein during the 1990s in reprisal for the city's role in the Shiite uprising that blazed through the region after the 1991 Gulf War.
	www.military.com /NewsContent/0,13319,117438,00.html?ESRC=iraq.RSS (1009 words)

	How can Sunnis and Shiites tell each other apart? - By Daniel Engber - Slate Magazine
		There are Shiite and Sunni regions and neighborhoods in Iraq, and members of small communities may know the religious affiliations of their neighbors.
		Shiites view Ali and his two sons, Hassan and Hussein, as the first of the 12 imams, or holy leaders of Islam.
		Shiite holy men wear either a fl or a white turban (depending on their lineage) and a robe.
	www.slate.com /id/2137109 (743 words)

	A Shiite Leader Supports 'Grand Plan' for Democracy
		Hakim, 34, is the oldest son of Abdul Aziz Hakim, the leader of the Iranian-backed Shiite party known as the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq, which is probably the most potent political force in the country today.
		The Shiites have an interest in keeping American troops around as long as possible to fight their battles against the Sunni insurgency.
		And the fact that the new Iraqi constitution suits the interests of the Shiite mullahs in Najaf doesn't necessarily mean it serves American interests -- or even those of ordinary Iraqis.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2005/08/25/AR2005082501616.html (809 words)

	EurasiaNet Eurasia Insight - Shiite and Sunni Muslims Struggle to Fill Leadership Void in Iraq
		That Shiite Islam could be the guiding force in Iraq’s reconstruction is easily understood if the country’s collective experience during the Saddam era is taken into account.
		Iraq is a majority Shiite state that was ruled by a small sect of nominally Sunni Muslims under Saddam.
		Rulers in the Gulf region are thus worried that a Shiite Iraq could serve as an example that causes their own Shiite minorities to become restive.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/insight/articles/eav043003.shtml (907 words)

	Shiite religious bloc claims victory in Iraq - After Saddam - www.smh.com.au
		Final figures released early today for Iraq's January 30 election confirm a significant win for Shiite religious parties - but their 47.6 per cent share of the vote is lower than earlier projections that they might have been sitting on as much as 60 per cent.
		The vote for the secular Shiite coalition led Dr Allawi was a distant third behind the Kurds and the religious Shiites at 13.6 per cent, giving him control of about 38 assembly seats, according to figures released in Baghdad by the Independent Electoral Commission of Iraq.
		And despite US and Iraqi attempts to play down the response to calls for a boycott of the election in Sunni-dominated provinces, in the sprawling western province of Anbar, the poll turnout was less than 2 per cent and in the central province of Salahadin it was 29 per cent.
	www.smh.com.au /news/After-Saddam/Shiite-religious-bloc-claims-victory-in-Iraq/2005/02/14/1108229866497.html (629 words)

	Violence mars holiest Shiite day, killing 39 in Iraq - USATODAY.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		BAGHDAD (AP) — Assailants struck Shiite worshippers in three Iraqi cities Tuesday, killing at least 39 people in bombings and ambushes during the climax of ceremonies marking Ashoura, the holiest day in the Shiite calendar.
		Despite the certainty of sectarian violence, millions of Shiites in Iraq were commemorating Ashoura, marching in processions and beating themselves bloody in a frenzied show of grief over the 7th-century death of Imam Hussein, grandson of the Prophet Muhammad and one of the most revered Shiite saints.
		The bus was taking Shiite pilgrims to Kazimiyah, home to the most important Shiite mosque in the capital, to mark Ashoura.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/iraq/2007-01-30-shiite-bus_x.htm?csp=34 (985 words)

	DEBKAfile - Negotiations Begin with Radical Shiite Leader
		The four groups represent the Shiite Dawa Party, the Islamic Action Party, Shiite members of the provisional Iraq Governing Council and SCIRI, the faction headed by council member Abdel Aziz al Hakim, brother of the Grand Ayatollah who was assassinated last year in Najef.
		Another is the instigation of a stream of missives from a group of Iranian ayatollahs centered in the holy city of Qom and jointly opposed to the hard-line regime in Tehran.
		They advise the 31-year old Shiite rebel to look over his shoulder, because he will then discover that he was tossed onto the Iraqi warfront to fight alone without the promised support structure for himself and his Mehdi Army militia.
	www.debka.com /article.php?aid=823 (1409 words)

	HeraldNet: Shiite leaders in Iraq turn against the U.S. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Shiite political parties, many of them with religious and family ties to powerful clerical clans in shrine cities in Iran as well as Iraq, have been angered by U.S. efforts to broker a compromise between Iraq's squabbling political blocs.
		One leading Shiite cleric, Ayatollah Muhammad Yacoubi, called on Washington to remove Khalilzad, who is perceived by some Shiites as biased in favor of Kurds, Sunni Arabs and secular Iraqis.
		Shiite religious leaders throughout the country also condemned a March 26 U.S.-Iraqi raid on a Shiite house of worship in northern Baghdad that left at least 16 dead.
	www.heraldnet.com /stories/06/04/01/100wir_a3iraq001.cfm (562 words)

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