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Topic: Shift work

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	Shift Work - Overview - sleepdisorderchannel
		Nearly 20% of employees in industrialized countries are employed in shift work, which requires them to drastically change their sleep habits weekly or even daily.
		In nonfluctuating shift work, the shift in circadian rhythm remains constant once the body adapts to it.
		Shift work change affects circadian rhythm, which, similar to delayed sleep phase syndrome and jet lag, desynchronizes the body's sleep-wake schedule.
	www.sleepdisorderchannel.com /shiftwork (608 words)

	Shift work - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Shift work was once characteristic of manufacturing industry, where it has a clear effect of increasing the use that can be made of capital equipment, and allowing for up to three times the production compared to an eight-hour day.
		Shift work has been traditional in the armed forces, and for clear reasons: for example sailors must be available to handle a vessel around the clock, and a system of naval watches organised to ensure enough hands are on duty at any time.
		Shift work is also the norm in governmental and private employment in fields related to public safety and health, such as police, fire prevention, emergency medical transportation, and hospitals.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shift_work (636 words)

	Alert At Work - Services
		Determining which applicant can best cope with the stresses of shift work requires that you go beyond asking "Have you ever done shift work?" The Shiftwork Adaptability Assessment can help you identify the candidates who are most adaptable to a shift work environment.
		Shift work employees experience higher rates of sickness and disability.
		This assessment will determine to what extent shiftwork is impacting on their condition and provide information to determine if they can safely return to shift work.
	www.alertatwork.com /content/blogcategory/17/34 (145 words)

	Shift work and ill-health
		Shift work is most concentrated in the private sector, with 702,800 shift workers, compared to 279,100 in the public sector.
		Yet of the 236,700 people working shifts in health and community services, 113,700 are on rotation, 36,000 are on nights, 43,700 are on irregular shifts, 5,700 are “on call” and 4,500 are on split shifts.
		Shift workers have little opportunity to interact in social or family gatherings, and are under enormous strain and stress in coping with everyday issues, both on and off the job.
	www.wsws.org /articles/1999/sep1999/shift-s06.shtml (1353 words)

	The Daily, Thursday, July 25, 2002. Shift work and health
		Shift work was more common in blue-collar or sales and service occupations than in white-collar or clerical jobs.
		Shift work prevalence rates among full-year workers aged 18 to 54 were estimated for 2000/01 from a sample of 46,762 workers, and for 1994/95 from a sample of 6,856 workers.
		Men who worked an evening shift were more likely than those with a regular daytime schedule to report a low sense of "mastery," (for example, feeling little control over their life).
	www.statcan.ca /Daily/English/020725/d020725b.htm (1120 words)

	Shift Work - Sleepchannel.com
		Nearly 20% of employees in industrialized countries are employed in shift work, which requires them to drastically change their sleep habits weekly or even daily.
		In nonfluctuating shift work, the shift in circadian rhythm remains constant once the body adapts to it.
		Shift work change affects circadian rhythm, which, similar to delayed sleep phase syndrome and jet lag, desynchronizes the body’s sleep-wake schedule.
	www.sleepdisorderchannel.net /shiftwork (474 words)

	LHC Factsheet - Working time: Part 1: Shift work and night work
		Shift work and night work are carried out for technological (some processes require continuous production or more time than a normal working day), economic (obtaining the most use of capital equipment), or social reasons (health care, emergency, travel, information and entertainment services; energy and water supply).
		Only some of the social reasons are completely justifiable and many of the other types of night work and shift work could be reduced or eliminated if the maintenance of the health, safety and quality of life of workers was a primary objective of economic activity.
		Shift work was only slightly more prevalent for men than for women.
	www.lhc.org.uk /members/pubs/factsht/60fact.htm (1075 words)

	Shift Work and Officer Survival
		Studies into the effects of shift work on the human body began in 1927, though most of the body of accumulated study is of post-WWII origin.
		There is also evidence that suggests that the quality of work is enhanced when personnel are deployed in such a manner to diminish work overload.
		In general, weekly tours of shift work should be limited to 40 hours, in a 4 to 5 day work-week.
	www.theppsc.org /Staff_Views/Aveni/Shift-Survival.htm (2033 words)

	SHIFT WORK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Shifts may overlap one half hour prior to end of each shift to coordinate tasks.
		Standby time is time in which a worker is required to be present to do time-sensitive work, and when a worker is in a ready status to perform work, but is prevented from performing work because none is available.
		Non-transferable work is essential to work centers and must be done at a specific time or period.
	www.asamra.army.pentagon.mil /usamaa/handbook/D_6.html (287 words)

	Tips for shift workers: How to eat, sleep and stay fit when you work unusual hours - MayoClinic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Shift work can be difficult — your work hours may be unconventional, unpredictable and uncoordinated with those of your family and friends.
		Shift workers may find it difficult to make healthy food choices because what's most readily available in the middle of the night comes from vending machines and 24-hour fast-food restaurants.
		Shift work makes it tough to maintain social ties — after all, you'll be working when most people are socializing.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/shift-work/HQ01388 (935 words)

	National Sleep Foundation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In addition to fatigue in the workplace, shift workers are at increased risk for a variety of chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases.
		Also, shift workers are at elevated risk for obstructive sleep apnea, a common sleep disorder found in approximately 5% of the general population, but 11.6% of the shift work population.
		Whether this is related to the fact that shift workers are awake and active during the night hours or because they tend to get fewer hours of sleep overall than traditional workers is not known.
	www.sleepfoundation.org /sleeptionary/index.php?id=20 (545 words)

	Flexible schedules and shift work: replacing the '9-to-5' workday? (EXCERPT), Monthly Labor Review Online, June 2000
		Examples of such alternative shift workers are police officers, emergency room physicians, and assembly-line workers at a factory.
		In contrast to the increasing proportion of workers with flexible work schedules, the incidence of shift work has not changed since the mid-1980s.
		This article uses that supplement to examine both the incidence and trends in flexible work hours and alternative shift work and, also, the relationship between the jobs in which people work and the prevalence of these digressions from the more traditional "9-to-5" workday.
	www.bls.gov /opub/mlr/2000/06/art3exc.htm (509 words)

	Safe Jobs Now - Chapter 11: Workplace Violence, Shift Work and Stress
		Shift work (working hours outside the traditional work schedule) and rotating shifts place a great deal of stress (both physical and mental) on the worker.
		Even where shift rotations are properly scheduled, prolonged shift work can place great strain on personal relationships for workers whose waking and working hours are “out of synch” with those of their family and friends.
		In addition, shift workers may find that the quality of time that they spend with family and friends is unsatisfying because the worker’s fatigue (from poor sleep or lack of sleep) prevents normal social activity.
	www.afscme.org /health/safe12.htm (2451 words)

	eMedicine - Shiftwork in the Practice of Emergency Medicine : Article by Judith Green-McKenzie, MD, MPH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Shiftwork is an integral part of life for much of the working population and continues to affect a growing proportion of workers.
		To optimize shift scheduling, one should bear in mind that circadian principles are most easily applied to 8-hour shifts and that the goal should be to build adequate, good quality, flexible time off to allow workers adequate time to achieve sufficient quality sleep.
		Work schedules should be constructed to minimize circadian disruption to decrease accident and injury rates, prevent associated medical conditions, and improve quality of life.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic835.htm (5083 words)

	Shiftwork Annotated Bibliography by Round-The-Clock Systems
		The night shift was followed by the morning shift with the least difficult shift, in terms of adaptability, being the afternoon shift.
		Two of the three groups with rapidly rotating shifts were as satisfied with their shift schedules as workers on the intermittent 3-shift schedule.
		Evidence that one spouse's work schedule has a ripple effect upon the entire family, and that if that effect is negative, the family is often a less effective buffer for the worker's psychological stress.
	www.roundtheclocksystems.com /library4_biblio.html (9054 words)

	Shift Work Hazards
		In addition, because individual biological rhythms re-entrain to a time shift at different rates, each time the work schedule rotates, for a period of time after the time-shift, the circadian system will be in a desynchronized state.
		Working the second shift (late afternoon/evening) is usually the most disruptive for family interaction.
		Identification of individual characteristics which are associated with poor tolerance of night work, is recommended not with the goal of disqualifying workers for night work, but with the recognition that for some night work may medically not be advisable.
	www.dcmsonline.org /jax-medicine/2001journals/April2001/shiftwork.htm (7875 words)

	NIOSH Topic : Work Schedules: Shift work and Long Hours \| CDC NIOSH
		Both shift work and long work hours have been associated with health and safety risks.
		The goal of the NORA Organization of Work Team is to define and implement a national occupational research agenda for the next decade.
		Organization of work refers to management and supervisory practices and production processes, and to their influence on the way jobs are designed and performed in the workplace.
	www.cdc.gov /niosh/topics/workschedules (597 words)

	Alert At Work - Home
		Shift work is a fact of life for 25% of today's workforce.
		Shift work that requires night work causes staff to work against natural physiology.
		Working against natural physiology increases the potential for physical and emotional stress because the body has to adapt to circumstances for which it was never designed.
	www.alertatwork.com (442 words)

	Sleep Education.com
		Shift work sleep disorder is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder that occurs due to a work schedule that takes place during the normal sleep period.
		Sleep problems from shift work affect male and female workers of all age groups.
		The goal is to lessen the effects of shift work on the workers’ body clocks.
	www.sleepeducation.com /Disorder.aspx?id=12 (1107 words)

	Shift Issues
		Shift schedules are one of your employees' highest priorities.
		Having worked with so many companies to implement new shiftwork solutions, we know what it takes to be successful.
		One of the biggest innovations in shift schedules over the last 15 years has been the resurgence of longer shifts, especially 12-hour shifts.
	www.shift-work.com /shiftwork.html (463 words)

	:: Society :: Work :: Shift Work
		Time-Use Conference - A conference cosponsored by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the MacArthur Network on the Family and the Economy November 20-21, 1997.
		Shift Work and Shift Lag - What is shift lag, who gets shift lag, and how to reduce it.
		Shift work schedules and lifestyle education to minimize risk and decrease costs.
	www.localadsearch.com /Society/Work/Shift_Work (393 words)

	U.S. Department of Labor - Find It By Topic - Work Hours - Night Work & Shift Work
		Extra pay for working night shifts is a matter of agreement between the employer and the employee (or the employee's representative).
		However, the FLSA does require that covered, nonexempt workers be paid not less than time and one-half the employee's regular rate for time worked over 40 hours in a workweek.
		A report from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health on the hazards associated with shift and night work.
	www.dol.gov /dol/topic/workhours/nightwork.htm (149 words)

	Health effects of shift work and extended hours of work -- Harrington 58 (1): 68 -- Occupational and Environmental ...
		Many shift workers complain of digestive disorders, which may be a reflection on the poor quality of catering on some shifts.
		Intuitively, it might be proposed that shift working would be better tolerated the older the worker becomes.
		Most of the work on minimising the deleterious effects of shift work has concentrated on the three 8 hour shift rotation.
	oem.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/58/1/68 (2980 words)

	Shiftwork Solutions: Shift Work Consultants. Shift Schedules, Shift Scheduling, 24x7 Operations Management
		is the international leader in solving shift work and shift schedule problems faced by organizations with multiple shift coverage requirements.
		With offices in the United States and Australia, we have helped shiftworkers and shift work managers in service and manufacturing industries worldwide.
		They laid out, up front, what they were going to do, how long it would take, what the outcome would be and then made it all happen.
	www.shift-work.com (284 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Shift work linked to health risks
		Urine tests from men working the split-shift pattern showed levels of melatonin, a hormone which regulates sleep and which is normally secreted at night, did not become synchronised to new sleep times after shift changes.
		The men also had higher levels of fatty acids circulating in their blood after meals, compared with the day-shift or adapted workers, indicating they were at higher risk of heart disease, diabetes and other metabolic disorders.
		He said legislation which forced companies to stick to particular schedules was unlikely, but he said people who did work split-shifts could minimise the risks to their health by avoiding fatty and sugary snacks at night.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/4466555.stm (582 words)

	Shift work and subfecundity: a causal link or an artefact? -- Zhu et al. 60 (9): 12 -- Occupational and Environmental ...
		Working conditions and adverse pregnancy outcome: a meta-analysis.
		Effect of shift work on the night-time secretory patterns of melatonin, prolactin, cortisol and testosterone.
		Shift work and subfecundity: a European multicenter study.
	oem.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/60/9/e12 (3151 words)

	Work & Shift Schedules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Use this board to display work or usage hours for any regular activity in your organization with flexible start and stop times: part time workers, volunteers, truck unloading, visitors, training classes, guard station assignments, monitoring tasks.
		Keeps ongoing work in view at each work cell with lots of room top post notes and instructions for each job and work cell.
		Ideal where people work at different times - hospitals, police, fire and emergency depts., nursing homes, security services, restaurants, etc. Everything is magnetic, movable and color-coded for fast, flexible scheduling and instant visible identification.
	www.magnatag.com /page/CATWORKSHIFT/category.asp (1631 words)

	Shift work and shift lag - what is shift lag, who gets shift lag, and how to reduce shift lag with No-Shift-Lag (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Shift work and shift lag - what is shift lag, who gets shift lag, and how to reduce shift lag with No-Shift-Lag
		Shift lag - what causes it and who gets it?
		Night shift workers comments on shift lag and No-Shift-Lag
	www.shiftlag.com (78 words)

	Shift Work
		It’s a wonder more errors weren’t made after some of the clumsy shift changes I witnessed, especially between the night and day shifts.
		I recently came across an old article in the Wall Street Journal that recounted the experiences of several night workers who made great strides in...
		A University of Pennsylvania study that was released just last month showed that nurses who worked in excess of...
	www.suite101.com /welcome.cfm/coping_with_shiftwork (313 words)

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