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	Shinto Festival Music
		SHINTO FESTIVAL MUSIC was filmed in Tokyo at the 1993 Sanja Matsuri in the Asakusa district, and at the Sumiyoshi, Hachiman, and Meiji Shrines.
		He explains the variety of musical traditions in Shinto festivals and discussed the use of musical instruments.
		Dr. Sidney Brown, Professor of Japanese History at the University of Oklahoma, introduces the rituals of Shinto and the rich tradition of Japanese mythology.
	www.ou.edu /earlymusic/shinto.html (140 words)

	Japanese Music - ninemsn Encarta
		Phrases of music are marked off by the sounds of a small horizontal two-headed drum (kakko), a large hanging drum (taiko), and a small gong (shoko), as well as by short melodies and arpeggios played on a 4-stringed lute (biwa) and a 13-stringed zither (koto).
		Gagaku music utilizes six modes, or scales, of Chinese origin, all derived from two basic pentatonic (five-note) scales: ryo, D E F-sharp A B (D), plus G and C-sharp as auxiliary notes; and ritsu, G A C D E (G), plus auxiliary B and F. The metres in gagaku music are basically duple.
		Theatrical music during the early Middle Ages was influenced by earlier Buddhist music and consisted of lute accompaniments to narrations called heikebiwa and of music for the No theatre.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761565446/Japanese_Music.html (652 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Shinto music
		Gagaku music utilizes six modes, or scales, of Chinese origin, all derived from two basic pentatonic (five-note) scales: ryo, D E F-sharp A B (D), plus G and C-sharp as auxiliary notes; and ritsu, G A C D E (G), plus auxiliary B and F. The metres in gagaku music are basically duple.
		Theatrical music during the early Middle Ages was influenced by earlier Buddhist music and consisted of lute accompaniments to narrations called heikebiwa and of music for the No theatre.
		Tsurugaoka Hachimangu Shrine used to be a typical mixture of Shinto and Buddhism elements and a prime example of syncretism as Yoritomo Minamoto {me-nah-moh-toh yo-re-toh-mo} (1147-1199), the founder of the Shrine, was in the lineage of the Imperial Family.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Shinto-music (710 words)

	shintoism
		Shinto is the native religion in Japan with its roots stretching back to 500 B.C., and is a poly-theistic one venerating almost any natural objects ranging from mountains, rivers, water, rocks, trees, to dead notables.
		Tsurugaoka Hachimangu Shrine used to be a typical mixture of Shinto and Buddhism elements and a prime example of syncretism as Yoritomo Minamoto {me-nah-moh-toh yo-re-toh-mo} (1147-1199), the founder of the Shrine, was in the lineage of the Imperial Family.
		Most of Shinto shrines house sacred objects such as mirrors (the symbol of the Sun Goddess), swords and jewel (those three objects are the imperial regalia) on the altar where the gods are believed to reside, and the objects serve as spirit substitutes for the gods.
	www.asahi-net.or.jp /~QM9T-KNDU/shintoism.htm (2669 words)

	Music Is: a poem by William Parker
		Music is the voice through which spirits speak, using a language that is beyond words, a music that is beyond notes.
		Music is the cry of life and death at birth and conception, the heart beat, the pulse, the healer and the healed, the color portrait, the magical stone and the magical mists living side by side.
		Music is the chirping of birds; is the grass beneath the cracked shells.
	www.ru.org /91musicis.htm (522 words)

	Shinto 2 - Crystalinks
		Shinto of this nature was called State Shinto and came under the control of the Bureau of Shrines in the Ministry of Home Affairs.
		State Shinto was regarded as a state cult and a national ethic and not as "a religion." The free interpretation of its teachings by individual Shinto priests was discouraged.
		The number of Shinto shrines has been decreasing since the beginning of the Meiji era, in part because a municipal unification plan in 1889 called for the shrines of tutelary kami to be combined with the municipality.
	www.crystalinks.com /shinto2.html (1350 words)

	Japanese music. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		It is orchestral music using the sho (a mouth organ, the Chinese sheng), the shakuhachi (a long flute), and the hichiriki (a small oboe).
		Japanese music is of uneven phrase length, and the fourth is a particularly important interval.
		The music is primarily monophonic, although heterophony occurs in orchestral music and in pieces for voice and koto.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ja/Japan-mus.html (627 words)

	JAPANESE MUSIC,
		Music at a Buddhist temple in Japan is chanted in one of three languages: Indic, Chinese, or Japanese.
		Phrases of music are marked off by the sounds of a small horizontal two-headed drum (kakko), a large hanging drum (taiko), and a small gong (shoko), as well as by short melodies and arpeggios played on a four-stringed lute (biwa) and a thirteen-stringed zither (koto).
		Gagaku music utilizes six modes, or scales, of Chinese origin, all derived from two basic pentatonic (five-note) scales: ryo, D E F-sharp A B (D), plus G and C-sharp as auxiliary notes; and ritsu, G A C D E (G), plus auxiliary B and F. The meters in gagaku music are basically duple.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..ja010600.a#FWNE.fw..ja010600.a (1391 words)

	Shinto - Free Encyclopedia of Thelema
		Shinto ways of thinking continue to be an important part of the Japanese mindset, though the number of people who identify themselves as religious has suffered a sharp decline.
		Because Shinto has no absolute source of authority, some feel what was a natural expression of the beliefs of the people was hijacked by radical Nationalists, who desired to unify the Japanese people against the "inferior" people in other nations.
		Though Shinto is popular for these occasions, when it comes to funerals, most Japanese turn to Buddhist ceremonies, since the emphasis in Shinto is on this life and not the next.
	www.egnu.org /thelema/Shinto (3753 words)

	Early Shinto
		Despite this optimism, Shinto is probably not a native religion of Japan (since the Japanese were not the original "natives" of Japan), and seems to be an agglomeration of a multitude of diverse and unrelated religions and mythologies.
		Shinto shrines are usually a single room (or miniature room), raised from the ground, with objects placed inside.
		Early Shinto may, in fact, be a myth; what is called early Shinto may simply be a large number of unrelated local religions that began to combine with the advent of centralized states.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/ANCJAPAN/SHINTO.HTM (877 words)

	Shinto (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1871, a Ministry of Divinities was formed and Shinto shrines were divided into twelve levels with the Ise Shrine (dedicated to Amaterasu, and thus symbolic of the legitimacy of the Imperial family) at the peak and small sanctuaries of humble towns at the base.
		Shinto teaches that certain deeds create a kind of ritual impurity that one should want cleansed for one's own peace of mind and good fortune, not because impurity is wrong in and of itself.
		Shinto has been called "the religion of Japan", and the customs and values of Shinto are inseparable from those of Japanese culture prior to the influx of Chinese religious ideas that occurred in the mid 6th century.
	buddhism.2be.net /Shinto (4458 words)

	Early Shinto
		Despite this optimism, Shinto is probably not a native religion of Japan (since the Japanese were not the original "natives" of Japan), and seems to be an agglomeration of a multitude of diverse and unrelated religions and mythologies.
		Shinto shrines are usually a single room (or miniature room), raised from the ground, with objects placed inside.
		Early Shinto may, in fact, be a myth; what is called early Shinto may simply be a large number of unrelated local religions that began to combine with the advent of centralized states.
	www.wsu.edu /~dee/ANCJAPAN/SHINTO.HTM (877 words)

	Music of Japan Summary
		Noh music consists of solo speech and singing by actors, unison singing by a chorus of seven to ten, and an instrumental ensemble.
		Music education policies, a legacy of the Meiji period, include Western music in school curricula, but place traditional musical genres outside the formal education system, to be sustained by an apprentice system.
		However, the overwhelming influence of Western music, the impact of cultural policy-making, and the desire for globalization are all detrimental influences on Korean traditional music and musical aesthetics.
	www.bookrags.com /Music_of_Japan (5156 words)

	Japanese Music (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The origins of Japanese music begin at around 3000 BC during the Jomon Culture, when, according to evidence found at archeological digs, music was first used in ceremonies.
		The first music apparently was a result of migrations from China, Korea, and was passed down from the ancient Ainu of Japan.
		This music consists mainly of chanting performed by Buddhist monks with accompaniment from popular instruments, or from a shakuhachi (flute), an instrument brought to Japan by Buddhist monks.
	www.bridgewater.edu /~dhuffman/soc306/S98grp1/music.html (465 words)

	Benzaiten (Benten) - Goddess of Music and Fine Arts, Japanese Buddhism & Shintoism
		She is the patroness of music, the fine arts (dancing, acting, visual), and good fortune in general, and is often shown carrying a biwa (Japanese mandolin) or playing a lute.
		She is often represented as a beautiful woman with the power to assume the form of a serpent, or shown seated on a dragon or serpent and playing a lute.
		This Shinto pair are further identified with Inari, the parent Shinto god/goddess of rice and agriculture, who is identified with a white fox as his/her messenger.
	www.onmarkproductions.com /html/benzaiten.shtml (2968 words)

	SHINTO - THE WAY OF THE GODS
		The most imprtant value in Shinto is cleanliness both physical and spirtual and pollution, which is mainly identified with blood and death, must be avoided as much as possible but can be erased through elaborate ritual.
		He is also the god of calligraphy and learning and every year on the 2 of January, students go to his shrines to offer their first calligraphy of the year and also to ask for help in the important entrance exams.
		Shinto does not deal very well with death which is associated with corruption and decay.
	cla.calpoly.edu /~bmori/syll/Hum310japan/Shinto.html (1525 words)

	Shinto
		Shinto is an optimistic faith, as humans are thought to be fundamentally good, and evil is believed to be caused by evil spirits.
		Important features of Shinto art are shrine architecture and the cultivation and preservation of ancient art forms such as No theater, calligraphy and court music (gagaku), an ancient dance music that originated at the courts of Tang China (618 - 907).
		Shinto priests became state officials, important shrines started to received governmental funding, Japan's creation myths were used to foster an emperor cult, and efforts were made to separate and emancipate Shinto from Buddhism.
	www.japan-guide.com /d/d2056.html (547 words)

	Music in Japan
		Japanese music derives from an ancient tradition whose folk origins and early influence from the Asian continent are wrapped in the midst of history.
		Gagaku is made up of three bodies of musical pieces: togaku, said to be in the style of the Chinese Tang Dynasty (618-907); komagaku, said to have been transmitted from the Korean peninsula; and music of native composition associated with rituals of the Shinto religion.
		The earliest extant description of Shinto music, or kagura (music of the gods), is preserved in the myth of the sun goddess Amaterasu, who, having been offended by her brother, has hidden her light in the Rock-Cave of Heaven.
	www.sg.emb-japan.go.jp /JapanAccess/music.htm (1936 words)

	Shinto -- Beliefnet.com
		Main Tenets: Shinto (or kami no michi, "way of the kami," or gods) is a prehistoric religious tradition indigenous to Japan, which has been influenced by Buddhism and Chinese religions and provides a worldview that has become central to Japanese culture and national identity.
		Shinto recognizes no all-powerful deity and is a diverse set of traditional rituals and ceremonies, rather than a system of dogmatic beliefs or ethics.
		Music, dancing, and praise are also offered, and Shinto priests bless all with the branch of the sacred sakaki tree dipped in holy water.
	www.beliefnet.com /index/index_10030.html (527 words)

	Japan Omnibus - Religion - Shinto
		Shinto is practiced at shrines (jinja), which are most easily distinguished from Buddhist temples by the torii gates that mark the entrance (photo).
		Shinto only received an actual name and became in any way systemized in the late 6th century AD, in order to distinguish it from Buddhism and Confucianism, newly introduced from China.
		State Shinto was considered the official belief of the entire Japanese race and was embodied in the huge number of shrines, large and small, throughout the country.
	www.japan-zone.com /omnibus/shinto.shtml (960 words)

	Marimari.com : Japan - Shinto
		Shinto, which means the way of the gods, is not exactly a "national religion", but rather one that influences almost every aspect of Japanese culture and society.
		Shinto shrines are places of worship and the dwellings of the kami.
		A torii, the entrance gates to a shrine, is a characteristic element of Shinto shrines.
	www.marimari.com /content/japan/best_of/religion/shinto (642 words)

	Gagaku music
		The term Gagaku is used by the musicians of the Japanese Imperial Household, to refer to the vast repertoire of compositions and various forms based on the music that was introduced from China and Korea during the 6th and 7th centuries.
		This music was developed to be heard in the ancient courts of Asia and as such was intended to reflect a sense of elegance, leisure and power.
		The musicians of the Japanese Imperial Household Music Department performing Kangen, music with winds and strings, on the dance stage of the Music Department in the palace.
	aris.ss.uci.edu /rgarfias/gagaku/music.html (456 words)

	The Rhythm Divine 17/05/2006 - Radio National
		From a Shinto shrine to the streets of suburban Shinagawa, we hear music that's ancient and alive.
		And again they are very similar to the instruments we heard in the streets, and that’s partly because the street music and the Shinto music are doing very similar things.
		All the music on this week's program was recorded in Tokyo by Geoff with a FOSTEX FR 2 Field Memory Recorder and Bayer Dynamic M 58 microphone.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/relig/rhythm/stories/s1635765.htm (593 words)

	freeloy > : shinto articles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ancient Shinto focused on the worship of the kami, a host of supernatural beings that could be known through forms (objects of nature, remarkable people, abstract concepts such as justice) but were ultimately mysterious.
		Shinto has been influenced by Confucianism and by Buddhism, which was introduced in Japan in the 6th century.
		State Shinto, the national cult, emphasized the divinity of the emperor, whose succession was traced back to the first emperor, Jimmu (660 B.C.), and beyond him to the sun goddess Amaterasu-o-mi-kami.
	www.freeloy.com /religion/shinto.asp (466 words)

	sacred spaces of Shinto
		Music halls and platforms for dancing were introduced during the medieval period.
		In the early period of Shinto practice, all worshippers were required to engage in the sacred singing and dancing; but today, only experts perform these practices in shrine.
		Religious festivals at Shinto shrines reflect early Japanese observances of agricultural seasons with spring and fall festivals associated with planting and harvesting rice as well as periodic purification ceremonies to wash away spritual pollutions.
	ias.berkeley.edu /orias/visuals/japan_visuals/shintoB.HTM (1044 words)

	Shinto music - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Shinto music (神楽) is ceremonial music for Shinto(神道) which is the native religion of Japan.
		Jinja (神社;): Shinto shrine.Kagura is played in Jinja.
		Taiko music has also been used in Shintoism.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Shinto_music (82 words)

	Yale Collection of Musical Instruments
		The suzu is a small bell tree used in kagura, or Shinto music.
		Most characteristically it is used in mikomai, one of the two main styles of female Shinto dancing.
		Mikomai specifically began as a boy's dance, but subsequently was taken over by female dancers wearing traditional Shinto robes, white powdered faces and a hair style from the Heian period.
	www.yale.edu /musicalinstruments/instruments/000020_nonwestern.htm (116 words)

	Japanese Music and Dance
		Music included work songs, lullabies and communal music and dance which is associated with the worship of spirit deities (kami), group dances accompanied by response singing and pantomime dances such as a bird dance which portrays
		Some of these dance styles may be seen today in the oldest styles of Shinto ritual dance accompanied by drums, flutes and chanting, and the masked shamanistic performance associated with Shinto festivals, and the performances of shrine priestesses.
		Shinto was the official religion early in that time, and the rulers encouraged the dance rituals to bring rain to the crops, good weather, etc.
	www.sfusd.k12.ca.us /schwww/sch618/japan/Music/Japanese_Music_and_Dance.html (2582 words)

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