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Topic: Ship canals

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	Canal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		They are used for transportation, often by barges or narrowboats on smaller canals, and by ships on ship canals that connect to the ocean.
		Inland canals preceded the development of railroads during the Industrial Revolution, and some canals were later drained and used as railroad rights-of-way.
		Canals have found another use in the 21st century, as wayleaves for fibre optic telecommunications networks.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/c/ca/canal.html (130 words)

	Great Canals of the World.
		The length of the canal is 61 miles, the terminus in the Baltic Sea being at the harbor of Kiel.
		In this manner chain towage is operated on the summit-level pond of the St. Quentin Canal, on that of the canal connecting the Marne with the Rhine, in the tunnel of Ham, situated on a branch of the canalized Marne; and on the middle scarp in the Douai passage.
		The canals from Brussels to Willebroek, from Louvain to the Rupel, from Ghent to Terneuzen, from Ghent to Bruges, from Brussels to Charleroi, and from Maestricht to Boise le Duc, the canalized Sambre, the greater part of the coal canals, and numerous canals of minor importance were constructed before 1830.
	www.history.rochester.edu /canal/bib/whitford/old1906/vol2/part5.htm (15533 words)

	History of the Great Lakes. Volume I
		The length of the canal across the island is 3,500 feet, and as a considerable amount of excavation was required to form channels of approach both at the upper and lower ends of the canal, the total length of the canal and its approaches is 18,100 feet.
		This canal was made necessary from the fact that originally the St. Clair river emptied into Lake St. Clair through seven principal mouths or passes, the channel used by vessels, previous to the construction of the present canal, being known as the North channel of the South pass.
		The Ohio canal route extended from Cleveland, Ohio, at the mouth of the Cuyahoga river in Lake Erie, to Marietta, on the Ohio river at the mouth of the Muskingum river.
	www.hhpl.on.ca /GreatLakes/Documents/HGL?ID=c019 (9027 words)

	Background Information - Canals, rivers and coastal shipping (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The canal network was mainly centred on the Midlands, branches from the Trent and Mersey canal ran to the Thames at Oxford and the Severn at Stourport.
		Canals of this type are called 'broad canals' and the craft which worked on them are technically 'barges' (that is they were all more than eleven feet (3.3m) wide).
		Built in the first decade of the nineteenth century the ship canal passes under the original Bridgwater Canal and the latter had to be provided with a 'swing aqueduct', a steel channel fitted with sluices and mounted on a pivot standing on an island in the ship canal.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /gansg/00-app1/canals.htm (4537 words)

	Canal - FreeEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		They are used for transportation, often by barge or narrowboat on smaller canals, and by ship on canals that connect oceans.
		Irrigation canals - man-made waterways for the delivery of water - preceded the use of transportation canals.
		This belief was due to a combination of errors: an optical illusion caused the astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli to think he saw channels on the planet's surface, and the Italian word for channels, "canali", was misunderstood by English-speakers.
	openproxy.ath.cx /ca/Canal.html (141 words)

	A Broad Outlook and the Contribution of Federal Investigations
		In 1892 the Congressional committee on railways and canals recommended a survey for a ship canal from the Lakes to the navigable waters of the Hudson river.
		Some, more conservative, were content with the idea of a canal which would permit the ships of the Great Lakes to reach the seaboard and there deliver their loads to the people of the coast or exchange their foreign-bound cargoes with the deeper draft ships engaged in ocean commerce.
		The $9,000,000 fiasco, the dazzling pictures of the ship canal advocates, and the dismal pictures of the enemies of all canals, had produced a state of bewilderment in regard to the canal questions.
	www.history.rochester.edu /canal/bib/whitford/1921/chap02.html (3670 words)

	Ship canal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A ship canal is a canal specially constructed to carry ocean-going ships as opposed to barges.
		Ship canals are either enlarged barge canals, canalised rivers[?], or canals specially constructed from the start.
		In order for a canal to qualify as a Ship canal, it must have a minimum depth of at least 5 metres (16.4 feet), although many are much deeper than this.
	www.city-search.org /sh/ship-canal.html (521 words)

	Canals
		Today, canals are mainly relatively short routes for large ocean-going ships leading to coastal ports, such as the Houston Ship Channel, or protected ways bordering the shore, such as the Intracoastal Waterway around the Gulf of Mexico and up the east coast of the United States that connects lagoons behind barrier islands.
		Puddle is used to separate the water of a canal from porous strata, and is placed in ditches to prevent water from spreading away from the canal, and to stablilize embankments.
		Canal boats were sometimes towed by men, but more usually by a horse, mule, or pair of donkeys accompanied by a driver (usually a boy) on a towpath provided by the canal company on its own property.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/tech/canhist.htm (7072 words)

	Canals
		Navigation and ship canals are constructed at one level between locks, and frequently link with rivers or sea inlets to form a waterway system.
		The Lancaster Canal was built early on in the canal revolution but with a break between the northern section from Preston up to beyond Lancaster and the southern section from Wigan to near Chorley.
		Although the canal is fairly short it goes through some enchanting countryside in the very Heart of England, cutting through the Forest of Arden with its ancient oaks, and falling gently across quiet rolling countryside and watermeadows to the Avon and Stratford.
	www.fatbadgers.co.uk /Britain/Canals.htm (4847 words)

	Canal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Irrigation canals are man-made waterways for the delivery of water and preceded the use of transportation canals used by barges or narrowboats on smaller canals, and by ships on ship canals that connect to the ocean.
		Ancient canals in the West were dwarfed by the Grand Canal of China, the longest canal built in ancient times.
		In Europe and then in the young United States, inland canals preceded the development of railroads during the earliest phase of the Industrial Revolution; some canals were later drained and used as railroad right-of-way.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/C/Canal.htm (382 words)

	Canals
		Susquehanna Canal, and a Delaware and Schuylkill Canal.
		12,424,705 barrels of wheat and corn are shipped on the Illinois and Michigan Canal.
		and corn are shipped on the Illinois and Michigan Canal.
	home.eznet.net /~dminor/Canals.html (7512 words)

	Small-Ship Travel and River Cruises (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Stroll along the canals that weave through this delightful 700-year-old capital, stop at one of the canalside cafés, visit the Hortus Botanical Garden or tour the diamond-cutting workshops.
		In the later afternoon, board your ship and meet your fellow passengers at a cocktail reception and welcome dinner.
		Return to your ship, which cruises out of Amsterdam Harbour and up the Ijsselmeer to Volendam for your tour of several historic ports on the old Zuider Zee.
	www.smallshiptravel.com /pages/11 (718 words)

	HCGL Manuscripts: GLMS-18, Portage Lake and Lake Superior Canals Collection
		The Portage Lake Ship Canal, linking Lake Superior's Keweenaw Bay, on the eastern side of the Keweenaw Peninsula, with Portage Lake, was opened in June 1860.
		In 1864, the Portage Lake and Lake Superior Ship Canal Company was incorporated, its purpose being the construction of a canal linking Portage Lake with Lake Superior on the western shore of the Keweenaw Peninsula.
		The waterway later was known as the Portage Lake and Lake Superior Canals, the Portage Lake Ship Canals, and the Keweenaw Waterway.
	www.bgsu.edu /colleges/library/hcgl/glms0018.html (497 words)

	The Welland Public Library Local History Site
		The canals of Canada under the jurisdiction of the Department of Transport.
		Cowan, P.J. The Welland Ship Canal between Lake Ontario and Lake Erie 1913- 1932.
		The Welland Canals: A comprehensive guide.St. Catharines, Ont.: Welland Canal Foundation.
	www.welland.library.on.ca /digital/Biblio.htm (692 words)

	North American Canals
		Canals of the United States and Canada, as they were in 1906
		The canals listed below are those I believe to be of interest for either pleasure boating or for historical reasons.
		Though a quite different experience from UK and European canal boating, houseboating is a possible way for residents of North America to at least "get on the water".
	www.canals.com /northam.htm (341 words)

	Bridging the Years: plans of the canal routes
		Starting in Worsley, one branch of the Canal travels into Manchester to Castlefield, crossing the Ship Canal at Barton.
		This map shows the entire route of the Manchester Ship Canal as it was in 1954.
		Inset into the map are a small plan of Manchester docks, a plan of the industrial areas the port served and cross sections of the docks and cranes.
	www.canalarchive.org.uk /map/linearIndex.php (235 words)

	Canal Archive- Bridging the Years
		Bridging the Years explores the creation of Britain's first commercial waterway, the Bridgewater Canal, and the construction of the Manchester Ship canal over 100 years later.
		The Bridgewater and Manchester Ship Canals cross at the Barton Swing Aqueduct.
		The Bridging the Years timeline shows the evolution of these historic canals and industrial developments.
	www.canalarchive.org.uk (184 words)

	Famous Ship Canals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The ancient city of Suzhou is famous for it's canal and gardens.
		Cotton waterway; 100 years of Manchester and its ship canal.
		Panama inaugurates higher canal tolls for ships crossing.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0001344.html (235 words)

	The International Canal Monuments List - Table of Contents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The International Canal Monuments List - Table of Contents
		Areas and values of significance in the canal heritage
		Historic canal lines and heritage transportation canal corridors
	www.icomos.org /studies/canals-toc.htm (26 words)

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