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	Shkumbin
		The Shkumbin is a river in central Albania.
		The Shkumbin is with a length of 181 km and a discharge quantity of on the average 61.5 m³/s one of the largest rivers of the country.
		South the river hardly are catholics, and north the Shkumbins hardly live outside of the large cities orthodoxe Albanians.
	www.slotsch.de /english2/html/shkumbin.html (486 words)

	Gheg Albanians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		These two groups are separated from one another by the Shkumbin River which runs east and west, separating the Ghegs and the Tosks north and south respectively.
		Living in the mountainous regions to the north of the Shkumbin River is where the Ghegs reside.
		The Ghegs are known to be reserved and warlike as they are direct descendants of the Illyrians who were the main inhabitants of Albania in the 17th century B.C. They are thought of as being warlike due to the major battles that the Illyrians encountered while trying to maintain their possession of Albania.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/oldworld/europe/ghegalbanians.html (431 words)

	ALBANIA. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The chief rivers of Albania are the Drin, Mat, Shkumbin, Vijose, and Seman, but they are mostly unnavigable.
		More than one third of Albania’s land is covered by forests and swamps, about one third is pasture, and only about one fifth is cultivated.
		The Shkumbin River, which virtually bisects the country, separates speakers of the northern dialect (Gheg) from those of the southern dialect (Tosk; the official dialect).
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/al/Albania.html (1914 words)

	Karavasta - Divjaka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The water body is surrounded by drained wetlands and the protected area as a whole lies between two rivers: Shkumbin in the north and Seman in the south; the rivers are not directly connected with the lagoon body.
		Divjaka National Reserve is a pine forest situated in the northern part, between the lagoon and river Shkumbin.
		As a result the total amount of river water was reduced by 50%, causing fish and pelican to decrease.
	www.coastalguide.to /karavasta/main.html (1326 words)

	Albanian Population
		Albanians are made up of two major subgroups: the Gegs, who generally occupy the area north of the Shkumbin River, and the Tosks, most of whom live south of the river.
		Ethnic Albanians are estimated to account for 90 percent of the population.
		As of July 2001, the estimated population is 3,510,484.
	www.multied.com /nationbynation/Albania/Population.html (91 words)

	Tirana - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Tirana, city in central Albania, capital of the country and of Tirana District, on the Ishm River.
		Elbasan, also Elbasani, city in central Albania, capital of Elbasan District, on the Shkumbin River, near Tirana.
		Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers--quickly search thousands of articles from magazines such as Time, Newsweek, The Atlantic Monthly, and Smithsonian.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Tirana.html (98 words)

	SEDA - Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		There are two known large ethnographic groupings in Albania, consolidated as early as the mid-18th century, namely: Gegëria that is located north of Shkumbin River and Toskëria south of it.
		The boundaries were marked off by large stones driven into the ground, heaps of sods, streams of brooks and rivers, signs carved in barks of trees in woody places and so on.
		Owing to such elements inherited from the Illyrian culture and that of the Arbërs of Middle Ages during their historic development, folk clothes have come to gain a series of original traits that assume values of an ethnic indicator, which distinguishes Albanian clothing from that of other peoples.
	www.seda.org.al /ACH/cult.htm (2616 words)

	History - ALBANIANS UNDER OTTOMAN RULE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Albanian beys then moved from the northern mountains to the fertile lands of Kosovo, which had been abandoned by thousands of Orthodox Serbs fearing reprisals for their collaboration with the Christian forces.
		Most of the conversion's to Islam took place in the lowlands of the Shkumbin River valley, where the Ottoman Turks could easily apply pressure because of the area's accessibility.
		In the mountains north of the Shkumbin River, Geg herders maintained their self-governing society comprised of clans.
	home1.gte.net /vze7b2yg/id62.html (936 words)

	Albanian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The geographical border between the two dialect groups spoken within Albania proper, has traditionally been the Shkumbin River in Albania, with Gheg being spoken north of the river, and Tosk south of the river.
		This dialect is spoken by most members of the large Albanian immigrant communities that have recently arrived in these two countries, and in smaller Albanian communities in Ukraine, Turkey, Egypt, and United States.
		This dialect is spoken in northern Albania and by the Albanians of Serbia and Montenegro (Southern Montenegro and Southern Serbia), the UN protectorate of Kosovo, as well as those of the Republic of Macedonia.
	www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/Albanian_language (1651 words)

	PinkCircle
		Irish Ceatharlach urban district and county seat, County Carlow, Ireland, on the left bank of the River Barrow.
		The keep (innermost citadel) of a 13th-century stronghold remains at the confluence of the Barrow and Burren rivers.
		Pusan, capital of the province, was separated administratively in 1963, when it was elevated to the status of a special city.
	pinkcircle.blogspot.com (782 words)

	FullArm: October 2004
		It lies in a basin to the south of the Yangtze River.
		The lake is connected to the Yangtze by four channels; some 40 percent of the river's waters (more in flood periods) flow into the lake.
		Lebanese rivers, though numerous, are mostly winter torrents, draining the western slopes of the Lebanon Mountains.
	fullarm.blogspot.com /2004_10_01_fullarm_archive.html (3271 words)

	Gheg Albanian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The other main dialect is Tosk which is now accepted as the standard form of the Albanian language.
		The dividing line between these two dialects is the Shkumbin River, which winds its way through central Albania.
		Geg can also refer to the clans in Albania speaking the Geg dialect.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gheg (136 words)

	Albania - THE ANCIENT ILLYRIANS
		The Illyrians occupied lands extending from the Danube, Sava, and Morava rivers to the Adriatic Sea and the Sar Mountains.
		In the Illyrian Wars of 229 and 219 B.C., Rome overran the Illyrian settlements in the Neretva River valley.
		They also oversaw the construction of aqueducts and roads, including the Via Egnatia, a famous military highway and trade route that led from Durrës through the Shkumbin River valley to Macedonia and Byzantium (later Constantinople --see Glossary).
	countrystudies.us /albania/14.htm (1061 words)

	Gravity's Rainbow - Thomas Pynchon
		This mausoleum on the southern bank of the Yamuna (Jumna) River, outside Agra in India was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife, Arjumand Banu Begam, also called Mumtaz Mahal ("Chosen One of the Palace"), of which the name Taj Mahal is a corruption.
		Two distinct Albanian social groups/cultures each with its own dialect and separated geographically by the Shkumbin River with the Ghegs (or Gegs) in the north and the Tosks in the south.
		The Ghegs were renowned for their independent spirit and fighting abilities, while the Tosks were more of a semifeudal society and more subject to foregin influences due to their southern territories being more accessible to the ouside world.
	www.hyperarts.com /pynchon/gravity/alpha/t.html (1660 words)

	SEDA - Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Shkumbini River, which runs across Albania, apart from dividing the two main dialects of the country in
		North of Shkumbin River we have the monodic zone of musical expression, accompanied by modal scales (diatonic or chromatic) along with musical instruments peculiar to this area, such as
		On the other hand, as regards territories extending south of Shkumbin River, characteristic of these areas is the occurrence of musical expression in
	www.seda.org.al /ACH/music.htm (2021 words)

	WhitesilverTrain: June 2004
		Rising in the Grámmos Mountains of the eastern Pindus Range on the Albanian frontier, the Aliákmon River flows southeast through gentle valleys and basins and is joined by a tributary, sometimes also called the Aliákmon, which rises near the Albanian border.
		It is a transit port on the heavily trafficked Danube River northwest of Belgrade and is also situated on the Belgrade-Budapest rail line.
		It is bounded on the north by the Ruhr River and its tributary, the Möhne, and on the south by the Sieg River and the Wester Forest, a mountainous area east of the Rhine.
	whitesilvertrain.blogspot.com /2004_06_01_whitesilvertrain_archive.html (3201 words)

	Printable Version on Encyclopedia.com
		80,650), capital of Elbasan dist., central Albania, on the Shkumbin River.
		The city is also a commercial center producing steel, chrome, cement, timber products and soap.
		Encyclopedia.com is a service of HighBeam Research, Inc.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:Elbasan (79 words)

	Tiranë (Tirana) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It is the administrative, cultural, economic, and industrial center of the Republic of Albania.
		The founding and later development of the city of Tirana were made possible by its geographic position on a fertile plain, rich in forest lands and water, and crossroads of the Adriatic and eastern Albania, and through the Qafa e K‘rab‘s valley and the Shkumbin river with the inner parts of the Balkan peninsula.
		The pavement of the bridge with width 2.5 meters, constructed with river stones is placed without any order.
	www.phrasebase.com /forum/read.php?TID=13300 (2126 words)

	Anonymous: Description of Eastern Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Kamara Bridge over the Shkumbin River at Miraka near Elbasan (Photo: Elsie).
		This whole region is fed by four large rivers: the Ersenta (Erzen), the Mathia (Mat), the Scumpino (Shkumbin) and the Epasa (Osum).
		The land is productive in meat, cheese and milk; it is not very abundant in bread and wine, though the nobles in particular have enough.
	www.albanianhistory.net /texts/AH06.html (938 words)

	FreeTongue: Albanian Language
		The two principal dialects, Gheg in the north and Tosk in the south, are separated roughly by the Shkumbin River.
		Gheg and Tosk have been diverging for at least a millennium, and their less extreme forms are mutually intelligible.
		This is a paragraph of text that could go in the sidebar.
	freetongue.blogspot.com /2004/12/albanian-language.html (74 words)

	Albanian Music History
		Ramadan Sokoli's collection and studies, the material from Eric Stockman's German-Albanian expedition and the activities of the Institute of Folklore of the University of Tirana have contributed considerably to research work.
		There is a clear and marked difference, particularly in the vocal folk music, between the northen and southern parts of the country, divided by the Shkumbin River.
		The Gegs (north) have a tradition of monophonic singing whereas the Tosks (south) have developed many types of part-singing, probably more than any other region in Europe; much of it may belong to the earliest stratum of European vocal poliphony.
	www.albmuzika.com /mushist.htm (543 words)

	Pogradec Website (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Golic Bridge spans the wild Shkumbin River and dates back to the XVII Century.
		This old double-span stone structure is situated along the ancient Egnatia Road, near Golic, which is a charming village in the heart of the Mokra region.
		The trail has been marked and follows both winding animal paths and rocky roads through trees, meadows and open rock face.
	www.explorepogradec.com /excursion.htm (433 words)

	Informacione për vizitorët - Free time
		The Castle of Bashtova built in the late middle age in the 14-th century, when the feudal system appeared in Albania.
		It is situated in west of Rrogozhina, 3-4 km north from the cast in the Sea of Shkumbin River.
		It served the Venetians to defend the sea and river wharfages.
	www.tirana.gov.al /?cid=2,12 (389 words)

	Albania Albanians under Ottoman Rule - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		During the centuries of Ottoman rule, the Albanian lands remained one of Europe's most backward areas.
		An association of clans was called a bajrak, (see Glossary).
		South of the Shkumbin River, the mostly peasant Tosks lived in compact villages under elected rulers.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/albania/albania_history_albanians_under_ottoman_rule.html (984 words)

	Albania - Environmental Problems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Proclaimed a symbol of Albania's "second liberation" when it became operational in 1966, the steelworks was equipped with 1950s-vintage Chinese furnaces that filled the Shkumbin River valley with smoke, poisonous gases, and orange-colored particulate.
		The cyanic acid, ammonia, phenol, and other pollutants that the mill dumped into the river itself rendered it practically lifeless.
		A United Nations team recommended closing the facility because of the pollution problem.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-232.html (124 words)

	Tosks versus Ghegs: North-South differences! - www.ezboard.com
		The river Shkumbin (in the middle of Albania passing by at the city of Elbasan) forms the boundary.
		Moreover it is believed that of these cognate races, which are described by the ancient Greek writers as "barbarous" and "non-Hellenic," the Illyrians were the progenitors of the Ghegs, or Northern Albanians, and the Epirots the progenitors of the Tosks, or Southern Albanians.
		This general opinion is born out the statement of Strabo that the Via Egnatia or ®gitana, which he describes as forming the boundary between the Illyrians and the Epirots, practically corresponds with the course of river Shkumbin, which now separates the Ghegs from the Tosks.
	pub18.ezboard.com /fbalkansfrm86.showMessage?topicID=83.topic (10904 words)

	Schwa Albanian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In Albanian, this phoneme is graphemically symbolized as ë.
		Schwa as a phoneme, however, is canonically restricted to the Tosc varieties (toskërishtja) of Albanian spoken south of the Shkumbin river.
		The region along the river Shkumbin serves as a transition zone between Gheg and Tosc.
	www.kfs.oeaw.ac.at /moosm/TGMS2002A_schwa_albanisch.html (3709 words)

	CruelOrange: February 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Pretoria stretches along both sides of the Apies River and extends into the western foothills of the Magaliesberg on the east.
		A Thracian people whose earliest-known home was the “Triballian plain” (probably the Plain of Kosovo), near the junction of the Angrus and Brongus rivers (the western and southern Morava) in the north-central Balkans.
		League of 10 ancient Greek cities in eastern Palestine that was formed after the Roman conquest of Palestine in 63 BC, when Pompey the Great reorganized the Middle East to Rome's advantage and to his own.
	cruelorange.blogspot.com /2005_02_01_cruelorange_archive.html (2123 words)

	Directory of RivDIS data
		(Colorado River) Buta Ranquil: Data Summary and Plots
		(Ord River) Ord River Homestead: Data Summary and Plots
		(Harricana River) Amos: Data Summary and Plots
	www.daac.ornl.gov /rivdis/STATIONS.HTM (11244 words)

	Albanian Telegraphic Agency (ATA), 98-10-23
		ELBASAN, Oct 22 (ATA)-By P.Zekthi, The Shkumbin river, 181 km long, with a reservoir of 2 445 square km, has been turned into an object of constant pollution, seriously threatening the ecosystem of four towns of Central Albania.
		Shkumbin is mainly polluted from these towns' sewers as well as from organic, food and plastic wastes down to iron scraps, which fill the river- bed, often deviating the course and causing inundations.
		All these take place in a very favourable landscape for the development of tourism, with the Shkumbini valley carrying a rich and diverse fauna.
	www.hri.org /cgi-bin/brief?/news/balkans/ata/1998/98-10-23.ata.html (4744 words)

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