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	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Opinion \| Ending the century, not History! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Placing history in a logical rather than chronological frame of reference, Hobsbawm considers the early years of the twentieth century prior to World War I to be an extension of the nineteenth, as nothing of historical significance distinguished them from the previous century.
		Similarly, he sees the years since the fall of the Berlin wall, though technically part of the twentieth century, as actually part of the twenty-first century, even if the distinctive features of the coming century are still in the making.
		Thus if, as Hobsbawm suggests, a century should be defined in terms of the new and distinctive dynamics that distinguish it from the one that precedes it, the real beginning of the twenty-first century predates its formal beginning by a full decade.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /1999/456/op3.htm (1010 words)

	Hobsbawm's Age of Extremes
		Too many other aspects of the century are crammed into the corners left over, with the positive aspects of the terrible and glorious twentieth century--the rise of political democracy, the technologically-driven explosion of material wealth, and the creation of social democracy with its mixed economies and welfare states--allowed less than one-tenth of available space.
		This is the proper central theme of twentieth century history: the pace of economic transformation--its causes, its implications for productivity, for the structure of employment, for the use of education, for the value of capital, for society and social order, for cultural events, for politics.
		A second theme of any history of the twentieth century should be the triumph of democracy over a large chunk of the globe, and the consequent arrival of the developed welfare state with its web of support services and social insurance programs.
	www.j-bradford-delong.net /Econ_Articles/hobsbawmsageofextremes.html (5282 words)

	20th century - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 20th century began on January 1, 1901 and ended on December 31, 2000, according to the Gregorian calendar.
		The twentieth century was a period of radical departure from almost every previous area of human activity.
		It was a century that started with steam powered ships as the most sophisticated means of transport, and ended with the space shuttle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Twentieth_century (2084 words)

	Reviews in History: The Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1914-1991
		Hobsbawm has confined himself to the `short Twentieth Century' marked by the start of the first world war and concluding with the collapse of the Soviet Union at the start of the 1990's.
		The experience of the Twentieth Century has undermined confidence in the state, and this has reinforced the contrary philosophy of liberal individualism against which Hobsbawm wishes to argue.
		Multilateral organizations have yet to show themselves to be able to cope with those global problems that cannot be handled at the level of the state, and the implications of new forms of institutional arrangements are uncertain.
	www.history.ac.uk /reviews/paper/eric.html (1629 words)

	Century of Light
		As the twentieth century opened, the peoples of the West could take justifiable pride in the technological, scientific and philosophical developments for which their societies had been responsible.
		The nineteenth century had still been held in the grip of the Newtonian view of the world as a vast clockwork system, but by the end of the century the intellectual strides necessary to challenge that view had already been taken.
		As the twentieth century opened, Western civilization was reaping the fruits of a philosophical culture that was rapidly liberating the energies of its populations, and whose influence would soon produce a revolutionary impact throughout the entire world.
	bahai-library.org /published.uhj/century.light (2287 words)

	20th century AD National Interest, The - Find Articles
		Hobsbawm is an obvious candidate to be the premier historian of the short twentieth century.
		He has already written a long (three volumes, 1300 pages) history of the long nineteenth century,(2) and he intends this volume on the short twentieth century to be the fourth and concluding volume in a series.
		Hobsbawm divides the twentieth century into three distinct eras: "the Age of Catastrophe" (1914-1945); "the Golden Age" (1945 -- 1973); and "the Landslide" (1973 to the present).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2751/is_n40/ai_17100927 (785 words)

	FOLIO
		The twentieth century, having begun in August of 1914, lasted only until the failed hard-line Communist coup in Moscow in 1991, which, in another pivotal August of the twentieth century, set in motion the Soviet collapse.
		In thee late nineteenth century, in a wholesale resort to the persuasive power of sheer metaphor, social Darwinists had taught that nations in history, like species in evolution, were subject to the law of survival of the fittest.
		At stake is the very character of the victorious civilization that in the twentieth century buried its two greatest totalitarian antagonists and now bids to set the tone and direction of international life in the century ahead.
	www.zenhell.com /GetEnlightened/new/Unfinished20thCent.htm (9456 words)

	Twentieth Century :: By Time Period : Gourt
		The 20th century started on 1 January 1901 and ended on 31st of December 2000, according to the Gregorian calendar.
		The History Guide: Lectures on Twentieth Century Europe - Series of full-text university lectures on the history of 20th century Europe, from Nietzsche's pronouncement of Godless man to the fall of Soviet Communism in 1989.
		Twentieth Century - Killeen High School's World History course notes, with activities, links and lesson plan.
	society.gourt.com /History/By-Time-Period/Twentieth-Century.html (760 words)

	Short Story Reviews and Criticism , Reference Department, Davis Library
		MLA indexes articles on individual short stories and, in cases where an individual story may not be explicated, there may be general discussion of a writer and his/her themes, style, etc. MLA attempts to provide coverage of all literatures excepting Classical Greek and Latin.
		It is sometimes possible to locate a specific short story in a collection of stories, if that collection has been cataloged to include the authors and titles of individual stories in the "Notes Field" of a bibliographic record in a library's catalog.
		Indexes approximately 60,000 entries and encompasses "short stories from all nations and throughout literary history in English or in [English] translation." Indexed in one alpahabet by author, story title and anthology/collection title.
	www.lib.unc.edu /reference/hum/shortstory.html (1903 words)

	UW Libraries - Short Fiction A Guide to Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Finding a specific short story in an anthology (stories by various authors) or a collection (stories by the same author) can be difficult to do, depending on whether or not the individual stories are listed in the table of contents within the libraries' online catalog.
		It is one of the most inclusive sources available; international in scope, covering stories written in the 20th century and prior.
		There are a number of printed sources that provide information about short fiction--bibliographies that focus on a particular ethnic group, overviews of the history of the short story in a particular era, country or region, biographical information about short story authors, or indexes to specific groups of stories.
	www.lib.washington.edu /subject/English/Shortfiction.html (1264 words)

	Marxist Unrepentant - Dennis O''Keeffe
		Eric Hobsbawm's book on the twentieth century is a strange mixture of brilliance and nagging, obstinate Marxist perversity.
		Hobsbawm has not specialized in this century; yet his erudition is vast, and his "outsiderness" promises a sort of freshness.
		He is justified, too, in choosing to bracket the sense of our century between 1914, which ushered in a world war ending in communist revolution in Russia, and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989.
	www.worldandi.com /specialreport/1996/february/Sa14452.htm (245 words)

	[No title]
		But whereas the longer century was an era of relative peace and prosperity, the shorter one consisted primarily of two periods of violence and catastrophe, with a short age of prosperity sandwiched in between.
		Indeed, Hobsbawm divides the short century into three distinct periods: the Age of Catastrophe (1914-1945), the Golden Age (1950-1970), and the Landslide (1970-1989).
		He undoubtedly feels that the Russian Revolution of 1917 was the most important event of the short twentieth century because of its influence on every aspect of world development.
	vi.uh.edu /pages/buzzmat/bookreviews/KyleHobsbawm.doc (1207 words)

	C.O.D. Library -Short Story Research Guide
		Short stories can be found in a number of ways.
		Perhaps your short story is one of many in a book by that author.
		Rather, it indicates where short stories are published, such as in a book or periodical.
	www.cod.edu /library/libweb/kickels/English/shortstory.htm (476 words)

	Finding Information About Short Stories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Short Story Criticism (REF PN 3373 S386) is a set of volumes, which contain excerpts of critical material about short stories.
		To use this to find critical material on particular short stories, use the index in the last volume to look for where criticism of an individual work can be found within the set.
		Twentieth Century Short Story Explication (REF Z 5917 S5 W35 1993) this book and its supplements provide an index to where explication of short stories can be found.
	ednet.rvc.cc.il.us /~mamidjaya/shortstr.htm (511 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Short narratives are as old as literature (consider prose fables, for example), so we're not going to attempt a complete history here.
		At the head of the page were the words "A Short Short Story." This seems to be the first use of the name short-short story, with or without the hypen.
		Many of the stories in the collection were winners from Florida State University's World's Best Short Short Story Contest, which offered the author of the winning piece a check for $100 and a crate of Florida oranges.
	www.short-short-story.com /index.html (720 words)

	Monthly Review July-August 1995 Justin Rosenberg
		By definition, it is not yet possible for a history of the twentieth century to be written by anyone but a "participant observer." The Age of Extremes thus "rests on curiously uneven foundations." Its numerous gaps and idiosyncracies reflect the preoccupations of Hobsbawm's own personal formation.
		And yet, if there was one thing which the passage of the twentieth century had not done, it was to carry the world into a "postmodern" age.
		The Soviet Union went down with the short twentieth century which had created it, increasing further the level of disorder in the international system, and leaving behind a resurgent, disorganized capitalism to frame the problems of the next millennium.
	www.monthlyreview.org /795rosen.htm (5762 words)

	Reviews in History - Author's response: The Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1914-1991
		It is impossible to write the history of the twentieth century, and not very useful to criticize it, in terms of such short- term reactions.
		History gives no warrant for the belief that in this century "economic growth has come in Spite of the state", or that the economic miracles, from Spain in the West to Japan and Korea or Taiwan in the East were a triumph of laissez-faire.
		Whether or not this secular trend was primarily due to the demands of warfare, as Freedman holds, it could and also was "redirected to more positive purposes" in the welfare states of the Golden Age.
	www.history.ac.uk /reviews/paper/hobs.html (780 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| 20th century Special issue \| A brutal, brilliant century
		During his short century, "more human beings had been killed or allowed to die by human decision than ever before in history".
		The century's "mega-deaths" are estimated at 187 millions; the figure, notes Hobsbawm, "is the equivalent of more than one in 10 of the total world population in 1900".
		We need not try to enumerate the wonders science, technology and the overall development of the productive forces witnessed during this century, or to elaborate on their capacity to give people the ability to live longer, healthier and richer lives than could have been imaginable a mere century before.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /1999/462/editor.htm (468 words)

	The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The 20th Century: Introduction
		Another of the twentieth century’s defining features is radical artistic experiment.
		The boundary-breaking art, literature, and music of the first decades of the century are the subject of the topic “Modernist Experiment.” Among the leading aesthetic innovators of this era were the composer Igor Stravinsky, the cubist Pablo Picasso, and the futurist F. Marinetti.
		Another of the defining features of the twentieth century was the emergence of new nations out of European colonial rule.
	www2.wwnorton.com /college/english/nael/20century/welcome.htm (492 words)

	Short Story
		This bibliography is designed to assist researches in locating critical information on short stories and short story writers.
		Focuses on American short story authors from the early 19th Century to the 1990's.
		You may also find a short story in LEO by looking at the Complete Works, Collected Works, or Selected Works of the author.
	www.lib.jmu.edu /literature/short_story.aspx (757 words)

	LITERARY CRITICISM: Short Stories Research Guide - UCF Libraries
		Note that criticism or analysis of a specific short story is rarely the subject of a book-length study; instead you usually will need to look for books that deal with many stories or works by a specific short story writer.
		Each volume includes overviews of four to eight short story writers and an historical survey of the critical response to their work.
		Individual short stories are not listed in the UCF Library Catalog, but are printed in various collections or anthologies of short stories.
	library.ucf.edu /Reference/Guides/ShortStoryCriticism.asp (2133 words)

	Web Links to 20th/21st Century Women's World History
		Alice Stone Blackwell: Biography of a well known American suffragist who translated the poetry of both Armenians and Russians whom she saw as struggling against tremendous odds for their liberty in the early 20th century.
		Brave Women: short biographies and some oral histories of Australian nurses who served, were imprisoned, or killed, during wars in Asia and the South Pacific.
		Women Heads of State in the 20th Century: Female presidents and prime ministers as well as past rulers, queens.
	www.womeninworldhistory.com /webLinks-century-20-21.html (532 words)

	83.03.02: In Search of Self: Adolescent Themes in the Twentieth Century Short Story
		The fifth objective is to evaluate the student’s knowledge in vocabulary development, the elements of the short story, interpretation of a short story, and academic skills.
		Write a short story to be presented to the class orally or in written form.
		Before the student can read and interpret the human values discussed in the short story, he must first understand the functions of the various elements which go to make up the work and their relationship to each other in the total story.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/1983/3/83.03.02.x.html (6774 words)

	Comp100: Short Story Criticism
		Locate copies of short stories that have been published in collections.
		Analytical essays with an overview of the writing of short story writers.
		If a short story is in the public domain, you may be able to find a copy of the story online.
	www.oneonta.edu /library/courses/compshortstory.html (617 words)

	UMKC Libs: Guide to Short Fiction
		Short fiction has been called "literature's most popular form" (Magill, 1981, p.
		Short Story Criticism: Excerpts from the Criticism of the Works of Short Fiction Writers (2 vols.)
		Short Fiction Criticism: A Checklist of Interpretation Since 1925 of Stories and Novelettes (American, British, Continental) 1800-1958
	www.umkc.edu /LIB/Instruction/MNLsubjguides/fiction-short.htm (895 words)

	Syllabus for Literary Research: 4. Fiction: Short Stories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This guide lists selected titles of books and databases about short stories held by the UW-Whitewater University Library.
		Items without call numbers are online indexes and databases accessible from the Indexes and Databases Arranged by Subject: Humanities webpage, or by clicking on the linked title.
		To find books about authors of short stories, search the library catalog.
	library.uww.edu /guides/litshort.htm (501 words)

	Short Stories
		Most short stories available in the library can be located by using the online catalog.
		Also, there are books which deal with many writers or with the art of short story writing in general.
		Two volumes are essays on topics in the study of short fiction, including historical periods, terminology, specialized branches, regional developments, linguistic features, etc.
	www.potsdam.edu /library/Guides/ShortStory.html (670 words)

	Short Story Criticism
		Arranged alphabetically by title, each includes a list of main characters, a synopsis of the story, themes and meanings of the story and comments on the style and techniques of the author.
		Criticisms of works of major short story writers of all eras and nationalities.
		Continued by the annual bibliography in each summer issue of the journal Studies in Short Fiction.
	library.scsu.ctstateu.edu /shstorycritbib.html (1467 words)

	PJC LRC - Short Story Criticism
		Individual author essays contain brief biographical information, list of works, analysis of themes, techniques, and development of the writer’s short fiction, and resource list for further study.
		Each entry includes an introduction to the story and the author, a plot summary, descriptions of important characters, analysis of important themes in the story, an explanation of important literary techniques in the work, a critical overview, excerpts from published critical essays, and an essay placing the story within its historical context.
		Covers major short story writers from all countries and all periods.
	lrc.pjc.edu /short_story.html (714 words)

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