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Topic: Shortest proof game

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proof theory

burden of proof

proof by contradiction

alcoholic proof

Interactive proof system

Zero knowledge proofs

Conditional proof

Invalid proof

structural proof theory

consistency proof

proof by exhaustion

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	Shortest proof game - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A shortest proof game is a type of chess problem (retrograde analysis) in which the solver must construct a game, starting from the initial position in chess, which ends with a given position after a given number of moves.
		A proof game is called a shortest proof game if no shorter solution exists, in which case sometimes no number of moves is given and the task is simply to construct the shortest possible game ending with the given position.
		"SPG" here is short for "shortest proof game" and the "9.0" indicates how many moves must be played to reach the position; 9.0 means the position is reached after fl's ninth move, 7.5 would mean the position is reached after seven and a half moves (that is, after white's eighth move) and so on.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shortest_proof_game (626 words)

	Chess Guide > Shortest Proof Game
		"SPG" here is short for "shortest proof game" and the "9.0" indicates how many moves must be played to reach the position; 9.0 means the position is reached after fl's ninth move, 7.5 would mean the position is reached after seven and a half moves (that is, after white's seventh move) and so on.
		All published SPGs will have only one solution: not only must the moves in the solution be unique, the order of them must also be unique.
		They can present quite a stern challenge to the solver, especially as assumptions which might be made from a glance at the initial position often turn out to be incorrect (a piece apparently standing on its initial square may turn out to actually be a promoted pawn, for instance).
	www.chess.freegames.eu.com /problems-puzzles/shortest_proof_game.html (431 words)

	Game Reviews T - SPAG
		Now I was sort of familiar with text adventure games, as I had played the Zork trilogy way back in the early 80s, but what I was unaware of was that the quality for most shareware games produced during the early nineties was very low (relative to today, at least).
		The game unfortunately can also be put into an unwinnable state in many situations without player notification, and I can't begin to imagine how frustrating it would be for a player to make it all the way to the game's end only to realize that something crucial was rendered unattainable near the game's beginning.
		Even if the game is more an argument than a real-life depiction, these things affect the persuasiveness of the argument; when the author is both setting a somewhat contrived scene and staking out a position that depends on it, it feels like he's stacking the deck.
	www.sparkynet.com /spag/t.html (18712 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Shortest proof game
		SPG is a three letter acronym, which can have the following meanings:
		Shortest proof game, a type of chess problem
		Science kits, science lessons, science toys, maths toys, hobby kits, science games and books - these are some of many products that can help give your kid an edge in their science fair projects, and develop a tremendous interest in the study of science.
	all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/SPG (198 words)

	Shortest Proof Game (SPG) [Retro Corner]
		Shortest proof games (SPG's) are simply proof games with the smallest possible number of moves.
		The shortest proof game is paradoxical and involves apparently slow-moving maneuvers, e.g.
		Some "help game" problems do not ask for a given final position but rather for given moves which must be present in the game.
	www.janko.at /Retros/Glossary/ShortestProofGame.htm (365 words)

	Chess Notes by Edward Winter
		Concerning one of his notable games — one of the most significant in the history of chess — his countryman Przepiórka has commented as follows: “When one examines the opening moves and the subsequent course of the game, it is almost incredible that it was played in 1914...
		It may be felt that calling the game ‘one of the most significant in the history of chess’ is an exaggeration, but the play is certainly an early illustration of hypermodern tenets.
		The SPG ends on Black’s third move and is easily found (1 e4 c6 2 Bb5 e6 3 Bxc6 dxc6, but Black’s first two moves are interchangeable), but the unique sequence ending on Black’s fourth is trickier, as it involves a hidden switchback (1 e4 e6 2 Bb5 Ke7 3 Bxd7 c6 4 Be8 Kxe8).
	www.chesshistory.com /winter/winter09.html (8052 words)

	Encyclopaedia Morningtonia: Longest Game (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		The longest recorded game is the 474-move round II qualifying match between WH McKenzie and G Eddy early in the 1983 season.
		Informal results suggest that the game will always terminate with a win by one player but a rigorous proof is liable to require several years of computing time.
		The Game's fluid structure and huge field mean that even decision trees to decide on longest games by computer are ferociously complex and tend to swamp systems fairly fast.
	kevan.org /morningtonia.pl?Longest_Game (200 words)

	[Retros] At home proof games in 7.0 moves
		http://www.janko.at/Retros/Shorties/index.htm The number of at-home proof games in 0,1,2,...,14 plies is the integer sequence 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 10, 41, 116, 335, 1111, 2619, 6067.
		Here are the numbers of such proof games in 8,...,14 plies.
		The number of such proof games in 8,...,14 plies is the following sequence (keep in mind that the two solutions could be similar).
	www.pairlist.net /pipermail/retros/2005-February/001041.html (382 words)

	Proof: obvious
		Unfortunately, the paper I had been working on for the past couple of weeks had to be postponed because the algorithm changed the day before the deadline.
		Luckily, it's now a stronger result, though the proof isn't as cool as it was.
		It is not too hard to see that this path is at most twice the length of the optimal path measured on the uncertain terrain, but that is a proof that is left as an exercise for the reader.
	www.win.tue.nl /~cgray/blog.xml (2920 words)

	Game Management Unit 27 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		The report shall include the hunter’s name, hunting license number, tag number, sex of the bear taken, management unit where the bear was taken, and telephone number at which the hunter can be reached to obtain additional information.
		If a hunter freezes the skull or hide before presenting it for inspection, the hunter shall prop the jaw open to allow access to the teeth and ensure that the attached proof of sex is identifiable and accessible.
		The shortest access from Hwy 191 is from Sheep Saddle using trail #16.
	www.gf.state.az.us /h_f/hunting_units_27.shtml (5937 words)

	Shortest proof game
		See also the Dictionary definition of Shortest, proof, game
		They can present quite a stern challenge to the solver, especially as assumptions which might be made from a glance at the initial position often turn out to be incorrect (a piece apparently standing on its initial square may turn out to actually be a promoted pawn, for instance--this is known as the Phoenix theme).
		Natch (http://natch.free.fr/) - a shortest proof game solving program
	www.askfactmaster.com /SPG (460 words)

	Game Reviews D - SPAG
		Delusions is in many respects a better game than Tapestry, another 1996 competition entry that dealt with questions metaphysical, but Tapestry did force the player to weigh the problems and make decisions; here, except for one moment at the end of the game, you solve puzzles, largely.
		As the player walks through the game (and, believe me, walking through "Detective" is all there is to winning it), he or she is treated to the commentary of the MST characters.
		The end of the game suggests that the point isn't simply to devise an inventive mythology of djinni and how they work and what motivates them; rather, the behavior of the djinni suggests something about human nature and the ways that these particular spirits (with their own motivations) choose to manipulate their masters.
	www.sparkynet.com /spag/d.html (18887 words)

	Epacha Game Lodge & Spa
		Proof of very early human habitation is found in the Kaudom National Park.
		Estimated from 1.7 to 1.9 million years old, the ancient stone tools were found in the Kavango region on the Kalahari rim of Namibia.
		For a change from game viewing and hiking, there are busy markets in almost every town, cultural performances, and the Namib coast boasts miles upon miles of secluded beaches.
	www.epacha.be /site/faq.htm (2800 words)

	Game Development Truisms
		...when the company you are writing the game for has been sold 5 times in the during the first 6 months into the game.
		when a game mag editor writes in his column that your product has been cut from your publisher's release schedule, and you were never told by the publisher...
		...when the game is designed by a committee consisting of anybody in the company who shows up for the meeting.
	www.gameai.com /youknow.html (8858 words)

	FAQ for Dead Reckoning site
		It states that if the position is such that neither player can possibly checkmate, the game is automatically drawn.
		A novelty of DR is that to determine the history of the game, reasoning about the future of is required!
		Find the shortest sequence of move from the starting position to the diagram.
	www.geocities.com /anselan/faq.html (1413 words)

	iNatch
		If you have loaded a file containing several games, you can select a game in the text panel and paste it.
		You can move around a game using the menus, the toolbar buttons or by clicking in the move panel.
		By default there are some heuristics to help you to create a proof game.
	natch.free.fr /iNatch.html (907 words)

	Messigny 2004
		Nicolas and Göran submitted independent entries with "visible" promotion; Pascal knew about their efforts before producing his version with "invisible" promotion and that is why the 3 names are on the final result...
		3rd HM Shortest proof game in 14.5 moves (C+)
		Shortest proof game in 6.0 moves (Circe Parrain)
	www.janko.at /Retros/Messigny/2004 (387 words)

	Retro-Analysis
		Retrograde Analysis (RA) is a term referring to the deduction of the play in the imaginary game leading up to a position in order to determine, for example, which side is to play, whether or not the position is legal, is castling still possible or what was the last move played.
		A Shortest Proof Game (SPG) is the shortest sequence leading from the initial game array to the given position.
		In the simple looking 4 the natural attempts to use the white queen and fl bishop to capture the missing pieces are doomed to failure (try it!).
	www.bcps.knightsfield.co.uk /retros.html (731 words)

	[No title]
		In an SPG, you must reach the diagrammed position in the shortest number of moves.
		The game of go combines very simple rules with very complex strategy.
		Dots and Boxes has an extensive mathematical theory, largely (but by no means completely) derived from the theory of impartial combinatorial games.
	xenon.stanford.edu /~hwatheod (920 words)

	Chess Guide > Sam Loyd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		A comprehensive guide of chess: history, famous games and players, rules, strategy, tactics, chess and the computer, documentation and literature, variants, Chess Directory, Top Chess Awarded Websites
		Samuel Loyd (January 31, 1841 - April 10, 1911) was an American puzzle author and recreational mathematician.
		Send articles and materials to be published on this website to: Publishing
	chess.go.ro /problems-puzzles/sam_loyd.html (380 words)

	Finnish Solving Championship
		Notice that the variations may branch from any fl move.
		From the initial position of the game white and fl moving in turns in cooperation strive for the diagram position with as small amount of moves as possible.
		The moves of the shortest game must be given.
	www.saunalahti.fi /~stniekat/st/rm99e.htm (795 words)

	The Cinderella Game
		His eyes glanced quickly away from the drinks he was preparing behind the bar.
		The shortest number of syllables possible while still answering her question.
		She just nodded her head slightly in acknowledgement.
	velvet-star.com /tcg/vstcg8.html (4583 words)

	Chess Guide > Site Map
		Chess Directory > Video Chess > Board Game > Browser Based
		Chess Directory > Video Chess > Board Game > Browser Based > Servers
		Chess Directory > Video Chess > Board Game > Shareware
	www.chess.freegames.eu.com /content.html (345 words)

	retrosol
		Harry Nelson mentions that Black's a-pawn must promote in this problem.
		His shortest game for this position is 43 moves.
		8) It seems clear that a games can be constructed to show that White
	www.mathpuzzle.com /retrosol.html (1272 words)

	The Shortest Distance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Victor Borge once said that the shortest distance between two people is laughter.
		Laughing together relieves any tension that might be present.
		- Work as a Game by Silver posted on Feb 17,2006
	www.lifedynamix.com /articles/Inspiration/239.html (1772 words)

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