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	Shotoku Taishi Biography \| eorl_12_package.xml
		SHOTOKU TAISHI (574–622), or Prince Shotoku, was a member of the Japanese imperial family during the sixth and seventh centuries CE.
		Shotoku was born in 574 (572 or 573 according to some scholars) as the second son of Prince Tachibana no Toyohi, who ascended the throne as Emperor Yomei in 585.
		Shotoku came to be regarded as an incarnation of Kannon, the god or goddess of mercy (Avalokiteśvara in Sanskrit) on the basis of this story.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/shotoku-taishi-eorl-12 (1523 words)

	Shotoku Taishi Biography \| scit_011234_package.xml
		Shotoku was also a prolific author, by which he influenced ideas about ethics, the system of government, and how history was recorded.
		Shotoku was born into the powerful Soga family, the second son of the short-reigned emperor Yomei.
		Shotoku reorganized the court system using the Chinese model and instituted a system of ranks, which were identifiable by the color of the headgear associated with it.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/shotoku-taishi-scit-011234 (585 words)

	Ancient Japan - 2
		Shotoku served as regent for his aunt, the empress Suiko (ruled 592-628), who was enthroned after the murder of her predecessor, Sushun (it was during Suiko's reign that the term tenno, or emperor, was adopted).
		Shotoku's chief achievement in foreign relations was the opening of relations with the Sui dynasty (581-618) of China.
		Prince Shotoku opened relations with Sui on an equal basis, supposedly shocking the Chinese emperor by addressing him as the ruler of the nation "where the sun sets," while he was the ruler of the nation "where the sun rises." Envoys were exchanged by the two countries.
	www.crystalinks.com /japan2.html (3882 words)

	Image no. 677 \| Male Figure, possibly Prince Shotoku: Japan \| AskAsia.org
		Appointed regent to his aunt, the Empress Suiko (reigned 536-628), when he was nineteen years old, Prince Shotoku was the catalyst for many of the political, economic, and religious changes that marked Japanese history in the late 6th and early 7th centuries.
		Prince Shotoku is often represented in Japanese art and there is a standard iconography for different phases of his life.
		In particular, three events in his legendary biography are depicted -- his proclamation of his devotion to Buddhism at age two, his pious attendance at the side of his ill father at age sixteen, and his skillful governance as regent at the age of forty-five.
	www.askasia.org /teachers/images/image.php?no=677 (278 words)

	Marimari.com : Japan - Overview
		The only evidence pertaining to the Jomon Era was deduced from Chinese records and various artifacts recovered during the same period.
		Other than that, not much is known of this era as there were no written records for that time.
		The Meiji Era is one of restoration and modernization.
	www.marimari.com /content/japan/general_info/main1.html (1154 words)

	Japanese Buddhism: a Short History
		During that era Prince Shotoku was the central figure in spreading of Buddhism.
		As Watsuji [1] mentions, Prince Shotoku's Three Sutra Commentary displays was "an exceedingly lucid understanding of the profound philosophy of Mahayana Buddhism".
		One important feature of the new era was the birth of several new and successful religions over a short period of time in the early years of the Kamakura period.
	www.shinshufin.info /japbuddh.htm (1472 words)

	japan.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Prince Shotoku, the son of Emperor Yomei, is considered the founder of Japanese Buddhism.
		Prince Shotoku encouraged industry and saw that the sick and orphans were cared for.
		Prince Shotoku did not found a school of Buddhism nor was he ever a priest of any kind.
	mcel.pacificu.edu /as/students/cgono/japan.html (558 words)

	Japanese Architecture: Horyuji temple, Kyoto
		The four surviving structures from the Asuka era include the five-story pagoda in the central grounds, the centerpiece of the temple complex, along with the Golden Hall (Kondo) next to it.
		The layout and function of the buildings are also similar to those of Baekje In the Yamato era, the pagoda was the primary element of the temple, a role that it passed to Golden Halls as the centuries marched ahead.
		The most notable of the later buildings is the Dream Hall of Prince Shotoku, an octagonal structure in the Eastern Precinct built in the 9th century to commemorate the founding Prince.
	www.orientalarchitecture.com /nara/HORYUJI.htm (580 words)

	[No title]
		Shotoku made donations to 3 temples including the Horyuji Temple to promote Buddhism.
		Though relatively small, the pagoda is well-proportioned and is a masterpiece from the last years of the Muromachi Era.
		Haru-eshiki (spring festival) is held every year on the 22nd and 23rd of February in honor of the anniversary of Prince Regent Shotoku Taishi's death.
	www.harima.or.jp /school/taishi/ikaruga/tera-e.htm (283 words)

	Shotoku
		Shitennoji Temple Shitennoji Temple is Japan's oldest officially administered temple, founded by Prince Shotoku in 593 at the end of the 6th century and a center for trade and cultural exchange with...
		Shotoku (era) ShMtoku (c) was a Japanese era after HMei and before KyMhM and spanned from 1711 to 1716.
		At the beginning of the 7th century the then crown prince Shotoku who was in charge of affairs of state made a deep study of Buddhism, and this served to spread the belief.
	www.filsattractions.info /japantouristattractions/shotoku (951 words)

	Background Essay no. 131 \| Japanese History \| AskAsia.org
		YAYOI (300 B.C. 300) Rice cultivation, metalworking, and the potter's wheel are introduced from China and Korea.
		Era named "Yayoi" after the place in Tokyo where wheel-turned pottery was found.
		Shotoku Taishi (574-622) begins to shape Japanese society and government more after the pattern of China.
	www.askasia.org /teachers/essays/essay.php?no=131&era=&grade=&geo= (1110 words)

	Hôryûji
		Indeed, it is often said that it was Prince Shotoku who introduced it at the turn of the 7th century AD, and it was he who ordered the construction of the Horyuji, but the first assumption is not exact.
		It was Shotoku who built the Shitennoji (in 593 AD, near Osaka) and supported the construction of the Horyuji, both Buddhist temples.
		Shotoku was more interested in understanding the real meaning and essence, and wrote comments on orthodox texts.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/551510 (844 words)

	Bulgarian Kendo federation / Bulgarian Кендо Federation, Bulgaria
		In the Kansei Era (1789-1801), inter-school competition became popular and Samurai traveled beyond their province in search of stronger opponents to improve their skills.
		In the latter half of the Edo Era (beginning of the 19th Century), new types of equipment were produced such as the Yotsuwari Shinai (bamboo swords united by tetramerous bamboo).
		Thereafter, the Seinan Conflict which occurred in the 10th Year of the Meiji Era (1877) was an unsuccessful resistance movement of Samurai against the Central Government that seemed to give an indication of Kenjutsu's recovery mainly among the Tokyo Metropolitan Police.
	www.kendo.bg /kendo_about_history.php (1135 words)

	Japanese history: Jomon, Yayoi, Kofun
		By the beginning of the Kofun Period (300 - 538), a center of power had developed in the fertile Kinai plain, and by about 400 AD the country was united as Yamato Japan with its political center in and around the province of Yamato (about today's Nara prefecture).
		The period's name comes from the large tombs (kofun) that were built for the political leaders of that era.
		In 645, Nakatomi no Kamatari started the era of the Fujiwara clan that was to last until the rise of the military class (samurai) in the 11th century.
	www.japan-guide.com /e/e2131.html (451 words)

	Middle Izu
		In the era of balanced politically governing, many clans had reclaimed lands as their own privatized ones, having owned slaving farmers, and those clans chose one emperor from the strongest clan.
		Shotoku was the first regency of emperer or empress in Japan's history.
		Regency Shotoku was one of the greatest and the wisest figure throughout Japan's history.
	www2.tokai.or.jp /nut/izintro.html (2055 words)

	Rationale for Submitting the Rissho Ankoku Ron
		In the first year of the Shogen era (1259), cyclical sign tsuchinoto-hitsuji, epidemics were rampant, and throughout the four seasons of the second year (1260), cyclical sign kanoe-saru, the epidemics continued to rage without abating.
		In the thirteenth year of the Enryaku era (794), the emperor moved the capital from Nagaoka to the city of Heian.
		Later, in the first year of the Bun’ei era (1264), cyclical sign kinoe-ne, on the fifth day of the seventh month, a comet appeared in the east, and its light shone over the whole country of Japan.
	www.sgi-usa.org /buddhism/library/Nichiren/Gosho/RationaleRisshoAnkokuRon.htm (1821 words)

	Tendai History
		Under the famous patronage of the Prince Shotoku, six of the principal schools of Chinese Buddhism were established in the Imperial city of Nara, Japan, each with their particular doctrines and practices.
		The history of the Tendai school in the Kamakura era, is principally the story of five Tendai monks, trained and ordained on Hieizan, who went on to establish their own schools of Buddhism.
		In the twentieth century, the Nichiren lay movement known as Soka Gakkai was denounced by the Nichiren school in a bitter dispute over the legitimacy of each group’s respective Gohonzon (an inscribed object of worship), thus mutually perpetuating the reputation of the Nichiren school for triumphalism, aggressive proselytizing, and conflict.
	www.tendai.org /i_tendai_buddhism/history.html (4192 words)

	Zazen: The Way of Incense (koh-do) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Prince Shotoku, who was a strong supporter of Buddhism, noticed it as fragrance wood, which Buddhist monks used in their purification rites.
		During the Heian Era 200 years later, koh was used by the by the nobles of the Imperial Court in "incense games" as a source of amusement and entertainment.
		At the end of the Kamakura period (1185-1333), people used blended incense ("nerikoh" in Japanese), and especially during the Muromachi Era (15th and 16th century) the elegant art of incense appreciation spread to the upper and middle classes of Japanese society.
	www.za-zen.net /incense.html (295 words)

	Japanese art - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Japanese art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Kofun (tumulus) period (300–552) The era is named after the great burial mounds (kofun) constructed by the chiefs of the period.
		Towards the end of the era, the concept of Zen became less highly esteemed, and the tea ceremony (cha-no-yu), originally practised by Buddhist monks, attracted favour, spurring growth in the production of pottery and decorated vessels and cups.
		Masks and costumes were made for Nō theatre, which developed from the 14th to 16th centuries.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Japanese+art (1372 words)

	Japan
		Various pieces of evidence also point to the fact that the original compiler manipulated some material to show Gangoji had more authority over some land and assets than it originally had, but there is also evidence that parts of the record are much older than the date of compilation.
		This may testify to the fact that the chronology of the Kimmei-Suiko era was poorly recorded, and historiographers vied to present their version to the court.
		From internal orthographical evidence, scholars know that much of the material comes from the Suiko era, but that does not mean the work originated from that early era.
	www.wordtrade.com /history/asia/japanR.htm (3140 words)

	Intelligence: History of Japan
		Shotoku Taishi(Prince) (574/622a.d.) whose profile was printed on the head of old 10,000 yen bill is famous in promoting Buddhism and establishing many political innovations including the Constitutions with 17 articles.
		During this short but spectacular Era, Japan underwent the transition from the medieval to the eaarly modern era.
		Era of the great peace both inside and outside for more than 2 centuries.
	www.ladlass.com /intel/archives/001967.html (1556 words)

	Windows on Asia
		In the second half of the era, corruption, incompetence and a decline of morals within the government caused further problems.
		In 1912 emperor Meiji died, and the era of the ruling clique of elder statesmen (genro) was about to end.
		During the era of the weak emperor Taisho (1912-26), the political power shifted from the oligarchic clique (genro) to the parliament and the democratic parties.
	www.isp.msu.edu /AsianStudies/wbwoa/eastasia/Japan/history.html (4522 words)

	Chopstick Cinema
		The divisions of the shogun era are based on the length of the most powerful clan's reign of power.
		The most recently completed era in Japan is the Showa era, which began with the the ascension of Emperor Hirohito in 1926, and ended with his death in 1989, ushering in the present era which is Heisei, with the ascension of Emperor Akihito.
		Emperor Shotoku Taishi (574-622) established a centralized government and encouraged the spread of Buddhism and the teachings of Confucius.
	weblogs.thingsasian.com /tablogs/page/cheiter?entry=about_the_fresh_ingredients (1064 words)

	Japan to 1615 by Sanderson Beck
		Shotoku sent three missions to the Sui court, but the Chinese emperor disdained to recognize the "emperor of the east" as equivalent.
		The second move in 794 to the Kyoto plain began the era called Heian, meaning peace, and Japan was fairly peaceful during much of the Heian era's four centuries.
		During the last two centuries of the Heian era militant armed monks from Kofukuji in Nara as well as those of Mt. Hiei frequently stormed the capital with their demands, which were usually about land titles or politics.
	www.san.beck.org /3-11-Japanto1615.html (17262 words)

	chinajapan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Discuss the reign of Prince Shotoku of Japan and the characteristics of Japanese society and family life during his reign.
		Describe the values, social customs, and traditions prescribed by the lord-vassal system consisting of shogun, daimyo, and samurai and the lasting influence of the warrior code in the twentieth century.
		True or False: The Tang dynasty was an era of brilliance in the arts and literature.
	www.madera.k12.ca.us /Jefferson_Web/Teachers/Roberts/chinajapan.htm (621 words)

	The Gental Art
		Because knowledge of these fighting arts meant survival to the warriors who used them, there was not much publicity or documentation given by the various schools.
		What records there where of the development of jujutsu were probably lost or destroyed in 645 A.D. when the national archives of the regency of taishi shotoku was destroyed during the taika takeover.
		With the increase popularity of martial arts tournaments and the many disputes between the deaimyos (minor lords of Japan), techniques were being developed and refined that would stand the true test of “no holds bared” tournaments.
	jujutsuacademy.com /the_gental_art.htm (250 words)

	Weekly Kitombo \| Takeru Mikami \| July 2, 2001
		But when we come to think of it, Prince Shotoku resided in Nara, a part of Ikaruga, whereas Dogo is in Ehime.
		Seiichi Oyama who argues that Prince Shotoku never existed, straightforwardly asserts that Yuoka Epigraph is a forgery created during the Kamakura era.
		In addition, the close advisor of Prince Shotoku who is said to have incised the Yuoka epigraph was Hata Kawakatsu.
	www.kitombo.com /e/mikami/0702.html (775 words)

	Japan, 500-1000 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The poems, illustrated narrative handscrolls, and Buddhist images of the Heian era, which tend to appeal to or express human emotions, are visually rich and decorative, and have a highly refined style.
		Aversion to the defilement of the deceased is the most frequently cited reason for these moves, although political considerations probably also play an important role.
		A devout Buddhist, Shotoku passes an edict promoting the Buddhist faith and gives imperial support to the construction of several important temples.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/06/eaj/ht06eaj.htm (1242 words)

	Horyuji travel guide - Wikitravel
		One of Japan's oldest and grandest Buddhist temples, the temple dates back to 607, when it was constructed on the order of Prince Shotoku to house an image of the Yakushi (Medicine) Buddha, and has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site.
		The Laurel to Kindo's Hardy, this graceful five-story pagoda is the oldest in Japan and a much-copied archetype.
		On the north side of the Kairo, this hall dating from the Heian era (990) is one of the largest buildings in Horyuji.
	wikitravel.org /en/Horyuji (658 words)

	SaruDama: Japanese History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		However, it would be innacurate (for me) to suggest that the Japanese did not already possess a long-standing notion of the Emperor's island-wide pre-eminence.
		The two primary instances of this are Prince Shotoku's "Constitution" of 604 AD and the Taika Reform Edicts of 645-650 AD.
		As you may recall, the primary nature of this transition consisted in the seat of power being irrevocably removed from the powerful daimyo/shogunate to the Emperor himself.
	www.sarudama.com /japanese_history/index.shtml (800 words)

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