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Topic: Showa Tenno

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	the emperor's birthday (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Showa's real birthday was on 12/23, and this proved to be a good date for a national holiday, as it turns New Year into a prolonged vacation similar to Golden Week.
		So after Showa tenno deceased, rather than shifting the national holdiay, they made 12/23 the emperor's official birthday.
		The Showa emperor's birthday was 4/29, which became the first of the "Golden Week" series of holidays.
	www.mail-archive.com /fukuzawa@ucsd.edu/msg03976.html (142 words)

	Hirohito - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Upon his death, he was renamed Emperor Showa (Shōwa Tennō), after the era during which he ruled.
		On February 24, Emperor Showa's funeral was held, and unlike that of his predecessor, it was not done in a strictly Shinto manner, and a number of world leaders attended it.
		He is buried in the Imperial mausoleum in Hachioji, alongside other past emperors.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Showa_Tenno (2442 words)

	Decontextualization of Hirohito: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		To sum up, "[t]he conclusion we must draw from these documents is that Emperor Showa, during the years from his enthronement until the defeat in the war, was not necessarily a constitutional monarch or a pacifist, much less a puppet or a mere robot of the military" (Awaya, 1991, p.
		Unless the Japanese recognize that there is something else they should be discussing regarding the war period of over fifty years ago, their cultural artifacts will always contribute to the dissemination of the dominant ideology that capitalizes on the innocence and ignorance of younger generations in the world.
		Takahashi, H. Showa tenno hatsugenroku [Document of the Showa Emperor's conversations and speeches].
	www.utexas.edu /coc/journalism/Js363/hiroshima.htm (7484 words)

	Hirohito -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		His reign was given the name Showa, meaning “Enlightened Peace.” His 60th anniversary on the throne was celebrated in 1986.
		The first part of this period, from Hirohito's enthronement in 1926 to the end of World War II in 1945, is known as the early Showa period.
		The Showa period was preceded by the Taisho period (1912–26) and was followed by the Heisei...
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9274890 (710 words)

	AsiaSource: Asia Biography - a resource of the Asia Society
		Born on 29 April 1901, Hirohito is the 124th sovereign of Japan since the mythological founding emperor of Japan, Jimmu, who is alleged to have reigned from 660 to 585 BCE.
		Having acceded to the "sun throne" in 1926, Hirohito (the Showa emperor, or Showa Tenno) has had the longest reign of any Japanese emperor whose birth and reign dates have been historically verified (Those from the sixth century CE onward).
		Hirohito's reign was designated Showa, "enlightened harmony." The first half of his rule was far from harmonious, however, both domestically and internationally.
	www.asiasource.org /society/hirohito.cfm (871 words)

	calendar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In 1872, however, the government adopted the practise of using only one nengo for an emperor's entire reign, and, upon an emperor's death, the nengo becomes the official posthumous name of that emperor.
		As recently as 1979 (Showa 54), the Diet voted to require use of the nengo in official documents.
		To distinguish such dates from true nengo, the word tenno (“sovereign”) is usually added to them.
	www.vincentsinjapan.com /culture_corner/calendar.html (2034 words)

	Emperor Hirohito
		He chose the name of Showa, which means “Enlightened Peace” and was formally known as Showa Tenno, Tenno meaning “Heavenly Sovereign.” Hirohito’s choice of reign name was ironic for in his reign Japan experienced one of the most devastating wars that this world has known, World War II.
		On January 7, 1989, at the age of 87, Showa Tenno, the heavenly sovereign of enlighten peace who saw Japan through one of its most violent times, Hirohito, died after a long illness.
		Due to his interest in science and in modernizing his country he was reported have been buried with his microscope and a Mickey Mouse watch.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/bios/b3hirohito.htm (1129 words)

	JPRI Working Paper No. 92
		Convinced that the stock image of Hirohito is the true one, and that power and authority in the Japanese state remained separated even after the Meiji revolution of 1868, they oppose the claim that the emperor was militarily and politically empowered by the 1889 Constitution.
		Refusing to learn from monographic studies that concretely demonstrate the Showa emperor’s active, sometimes decisive role in politics and war, the rightists remain blatant partisans of old knowledge and discredited narrative.
		Hata writes that MacArthur conducted a thorough investigation of documents concerning the Showa emperor, and afterwards judged the emperor to be innocent.
	www.jpri.org /publications/workingpapers/wp92.html (5957 words)

	HIROHITO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Since his death he has been known as Emperor Showa (????, Showa tenno) in Japan, although he is widely referred to as Hirohito, or Emperor Hirohito, outside of Japan.
		On December 25, 1926, upon the death of his father Yoshihito, he succeeded to the throne and a new era Showa (Enlightened Peace) was proclaimed.
		World War II In the immediate aftermath of the war, many believed that the Showa Emperor was an evil mastermind behind the war while others claimed that he was simply a powerless figurehead.
	www.news-olympics.com /Hirohito (3128 words)

	What Does The Film Pride—The Fateful Moment Describe?
		The Tokyo war trial (International Military Tribunal for the Far East, 1946-48) was set up on the basis of Article 10 of the Potsdam Declaration which provided for strict justice to be meted out to war criminals.
		The Tokyo Tribunal deliberately didn't prosecute Showa Tenno (Emperor Hirohito) based on calculations by the United States and others.
		But the film only refers to this as an expression of Tojo's loyalty to the Emperor, and evades touching on the war responsibility of Showa Tenno (Emperor Hirohito) which was revealed by chance by what Tojo had said.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/55a/413.html (1685 words)

	Culture Corner - The Era System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The next Emperor was Emperor Hirohito (as an aside - the Emperor is simply known as Tenno (Emperor) in Japan and hardly any Japanese know what his actual name is).
		The era of Emperor Hirohito was called Showa (ironically, the wa character means peace).
		To further complicate matters, upon death an emperor is referred to by his era name - and so we have Showa Tenno or Emperor Showa.
	www.thumper.co.uk /JSS/Feb2000/page-2.htm (440 words)

	Binghamton Univ. Libraries: Japanese New Aquisitions September 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Tenno to oken o kangaeru dai 1-kan : Jinrui shakai no naka no tenno to oken
		Tenno to oken o kangaeru dai 10-kan : O o meguru shisen
		Tenno to oken o kangaeru dai 2-kan: Tochi to kenryoku
	library.lib.binghamton.edu /subjects/asian/jpnnewbookalert_03_september.htm (162 words)

	History Department at Binghamton University
		I wish to work with students on topics related to Japan and East Asia, and I particularly welcome applications from students interested in studying modern Japanese political, diplomatic, and military history.
		My current research centers on the Asia-Pacific War and its aftermath, Western images of the Showa emperor Hirohito, and Japanese constitutional thought.
		"Rekishi no nazo toshite no Showa tenno [The Showa Emperor as an Historical Enigma]," bibliographical essay in Nenpo: Nihon gendaishi 1998, No. 4 (Tokyo: Gendai Shiryo Shuppan, 1998), pp.
	history.binghamton.edu /faculty/bix.htm (311 words)

	Boston Review: microprose reviews
		After the end of World War II, Japan's Emperor Hirohito was not called to the Tokyo war crimes trial.
		Instead, countless of his associates in government and the military (sometimes coached by lawyers for the Allied Powers) produced testimony that deflected any blame from the Showa Tenno and onto the military.
		Hirohito remained a figurehead until his death in 1989, and he went to the grave generally seen as the victim of a rapacious military.
	www.bostonreview.net /BR26.3/microprose.html (1361 words)

	Japan, Inc. - The Emperor System and Japan's Royal Family (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Allied G.I.'s seeking to bring home war prizes with the Chrysanthemum often had to wait while the symbol was obliterated.
		Japanese Emperors: B.C. Japan's royalty traces its descendancy from Jimmu, circa 660 B.C. The list shows Japan's ruling Emperors and eight ruling Empresses from Jimmu 660 B.C. to Akihito 1996 A.D. Heisei Tenno, Japan's Emperor Akihito, calls his reign Heisei, meaning "the achievement of complete peace on earth and in the heavens".
		LIST OF EMPERORS PAST AND PRESENT: Emperors were, and are known by the name, or names of their reigns.
	209.238.252.57 /public/JapanIncorporated/postwar/japemps.htm (800 words)

	LISTSERV 14.4
		Re Going Round The Bend (WAS: Formations was Body Counts) (26 lines)
		Re: Showa Tenno Dokuhakuroku-Terasaki Hidenari, Goyogakkari Nikki (67 lines)
		Your Hit Parade (was pop music in WWII)
	listserv.acsu.buffalo.edu /cgi-bin/wa?A1=ind9912e&L=wwii-l (336 words)

	Japan
		25 Dec 1926 - 8 Jan 1989 Showa
		(b) 1936 - 1945: Dai Nippon Teikoku Tenno ("Tenno [Emperor] of the Great Empire of Japan");
		(c) from 1947: Nippon Koku Tenno ("Tenno [Emperor] of Japan").
	www.worldstatesmen.org /Japan.htm (6018 words)

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