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Topic: Shravakayana

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	Shravakayana (Mahayana) - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Shravakayana is one of the three yanas known to Mahayana Buddhism.
		Shravakayana is the path that meets the goals of a Sravaka-Buddha — an individual who achieves liberation as a result of listening to the teachings (or lineage) of a Bodhisattva Buddha.
		Sravaka-Buddhas are not able to turn the wheel of Dharma for the first time.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Shravakayana_%28Mahayana%29 (110 words)

	Hinayana
		The three classes of liberation are all identified as freedom from samsara.
		Shravakayana: The Hearer vehicle; practitioners are liberated as Shravaka Buddhas (Arhats).
		However, it is common for Buddhist schools today to replace the word with terms such as "Nikaya school" or "Shravakayana tradition" when referring to the Theravada and other schools of the past, since Hinayana has been seen to be offensive by the Theravada and their followers.
	pedia.newsfilter.co.uk /wikipedia/h/hi/hinayana.html (614 words)

	Hinayana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The use of Theravada is not correct either as the Theravada are not representative of the other early schools, despite having roots that go back to that time.
		Shravakayana is another term that has been used and would seem to be a useful one in that it, indicates the earlyness of most of the schools (Shravaka means hearer [of the Buddha]), and it has no unfortunate connotations.
		Some remnants of these schools do still exist: the Geluk School of Tibetan Buddhism still use a Sarvastivada vinaya, and Chinese schools use one from the Dharmagupta school.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/h/hi/hinayana.html (342 words)

	Buddhism on the Silk Road
		In the Shravakayana, the name for a person on the path to enlightenment; often used for the previous lives of the Buddha.
		In the Shravakayana, the Sangha is the community of Buddhist monks.
		In the Shravakayana they generally recount the words of the Buddha, while in the Mahayana the main speaker is often a bodhisattva.
	idp.bl.uk /chapters/topics/buddhism/glossary.html (1348 words)

	hinayana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		These three classes of liberation are all identified as freedom from samsara.
		However the term is still in current use to describe traditions that aspire to Arhatship, especially in some Tibetan Buddhist circles because they inherited texts and teachings from all of the 'yanas' and simply adopted the terminology of the Mahayana Sutras.
		Many Buddhist schools today are adopting the terms "Nikaya" or "Shravakayana" when referring to the Theravada and other schools of the past, since Hinayana has been seen to be offensive by the Theravada and their followers, while some modern Mahayana Buddhists insist this was never the purpose of the term.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Hinayana.html (619 words)

	Sarnath (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In the 7th_century by the time Hsuan Tsang visited from China, he found 30 monasteries and 3000 monks living at Sarnath.
		Sarnath became a major centre of the Sammatiya school of Buddhism (one of the early Buddhist schools of the Shravakayana (formerly known as the hinayana).
		However the presence of images of Heruka and Tara indicate that Vajrayana Buddhism was also practiced here.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/s/sa/sarnath.html (572 words)

	E-sangha, Buddhist Forum and Buddhism Forum > Is The Dharma Worth Fighting For?
		It is perfectly appropriate to refer to Theravada as a Shravakayana school, since it is arose directly from those scriptures, and since the general goal of a Theravadin is stream entry, arhatship and cessation; and not full awakening via the bodhisattva's path, and non-abiding nirvana.
		Shravakayana, though less familiar than the ugly hinayana, is still a derisive polemical word that carries the same derisive, disparaging polemical baggage as does the word hinayana, by your own admission.
		The problem is that you insist on, as part of general discourse, in using offensive, inaccurate polemical, derisive and divisive epithets to refer to the Theravada, which are offensive, and which inappropriately color the discourse.
	www.lioncity.net /buddhism/lofiversion/index.php/t6131-150.html (15317 words)

	E-sangha, Buddhist Forum and Buddhism Forum -> The 18 Shravakayana/nikaya Schools
		Though I must admit I prefer the use of Shravakayana, as it avoids the feeling of being dependent upon 'texts', and focuses more on a practical transmission of Dhamma teaching, ie listening, though of course the negligable difference's between written transmission and oral transmission can be argued also.
		But to split hairs further , from the Shravakayana perspective, it could also be considered a 'Greater Vehicle' [as the Mahayana still continue to use this label, which was originaly used to exalt themselves over the 'Hinayana'], so they could just as easily claim the label Mahayana for themselves.
		Theravada is also not a good substitute for the derogatory epithet hinayana, given that the baggage that goes with the term hinayana is not appropriate to the Theravada, and given that Theravada refers to a specific school.
	www.lioncity.net /buddhism/index.php?showtopic=5103 (4243 words)

	The Three Main Approaches in Buddhism - An Introduction by HH Shamarpa Rinpoche
		In the first approach, the Shravakayana, the two major schools of thought are the Vaibashika and the Sautrantika systems.
		As in the Shravakayana, there are two stages of development: intellectual analysis which is followed by cultivating a new way of perceiving reality, so that full realization of this approach is achieved.
		Practitioners contemplate the twelve phases of the process of dependent occurrence in their order of arising, that is, basic unawareness, actions and the karma they accrue, habitual patterns that colour consciousness, and so on.
	www.kagyu-asia.com /t_3approaches.html (877 words)

	vitalcoaching.com - Hinayana - Spiritual development
		Shravakayana: The Hearer vehicle; practitioners are liberated as Shravaka Arhats.
		The use of Theravada is not correct either as the Theravada are not representative of the other early schools; and indeed almost every modern school has roots that go back to those early schools.
		Shravakayana is another term that has been used and initially appears to be a useful one in that it appears to indicate the earliness of most of the schools (Shravaka means hearer [of the Buddha]), and it has no unfortunate connotations in the dictionaries.
	www.vitalcoaching.com /spirit/buddhism/hinayana.htm (1148 words)

	Beliefnet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Although the historical record is somewhat cloudy it seems that the term Shravakayana predates the term Hinayana.
		The followers of the Shravakayana felt that realistically the average person had no hope of attaining the enlightenment of a Buddha and rather than teach should "listen" and strive for the attainment of an Arhant.
		Shravakayana seems like a much less loaded term than Hinayana for non Mahayana schools.
	about.beliefnet.com /boards/message_list.asp?pageID=3&discussionID=75091&messages_per_page=4 (396 words)

	Zhyisil Chokyi Ghatsal - Dharma Shop
		The first of the yanas is the Shravakayana, the vehicle of the hearers, and the main teaching of the Shravakayana is the view of selflessness; the view of the emptiness of the self of the individual.
		In this division, the lesser would be the Shravakayana and the Pratyekabuddhayana and of course Mahayana, the greater.
		Then there is the division into three: the Shravakayana and the Pratyekabuddhayana into the Hinayana, second the Mahayana and third the Vajrayana.
	www.greatliberation.org /dharmashop/excerpts/bk24ex.htm (808 words)

	The Doctrines of Buddhism
		The scriptures of the Shravakayana are the tripitaka, the "three baskets".
		The Shravakayana included several schools, only one of which, the Theravada, survives to the present day.
		The practices of the Vajrayana are known as yoga, and are distinguished from earlier practices by the recitation of mantras, and hand-gestures called mudras, as well as other ritual activities.
	idp.bl.uk /chapters/topics/buddhism/background/doctrines.html (816 words)

	Yana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Firstly is the three yanas from the point of view of the Mahayana which classified earlier teachings as culminating in the lesser goals of Arahant or Solitary Buddha (Pratyekabuddha), that is an indidividual who achieves liberation, but does not teach other beings.
		Shravakayana: The Hearer vehicle; practitioners are liberated as Arahants - originally the term Arahant was virtually equivalent to Buddha, but over time it became degraded until it was seen as a distinctly inferior attainment.
		Pratyekayana: The Solitary vehicle; practitioners are liberated as Pratyeka Buddhas, that is solitary buddhas who do not pass on their insights.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/yana (713 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		After His Enlightenment, the Buddha teaches for forty-five years: The First Turning Teachings of the Shravakayana, the Second and Third Turning Teachings of the Mahayana, as well as the esoteric teachings of the Tantras.
		In order to demonstrate the truth of impermanence, the Buddha passes into Nirvana at Kushinagara, India, urging the Sangha, the community of his disciples, to preserve his teachings and pursue Enlightenment.
		500 Arhats assemble to recite the general teachings of the Shravakayana, while Bodhisattvas assemble to preserve the Mahayana teachings, including both the Sutrayana and the Mantrayana.
	www.nyingma.org /yd/bkth2.html (848 words)

	Beliefnet.com
		It is an important part of Mahayana doctrine that it is asserted that the Nirvana of a Shravakayana follower is only the elimanation of the emotional afflictions and the end of rebirth.
		When a Bodhisattva resolves not to enter into Nirvana the Nirvana that is refered to is the Nirvana of a Shravakayana follower.
		The Mahayana asserts that Buddhas are capable of endless teaching activities to benefit beings while a Shravakayana Arhat "abides" in a sort of blissful limbo until being awoken by the Buddhas and eventually lead to the Mahayana path.
	about.beliefnet.com /boards/message_list.asp?pageID=2&discussionID=71060&messages_per_page=4 (1106 words)

	Yana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Firstly is the three yanas from the point of view of the Mahayana which paths to liberation as culminating one of three manners:
		Shravakayana: The Hearer vehicle: A path that meets the goals of a Sravaka Buddha – an individual who achieves liberation as a result of listening to the teachings (or lineage) of a Bodhisattva Buddha.
		Sravakabuddhas are not able to turn the wheel of Dharma for the first time.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/ya/Yana.htm (674 words)

	The Buddhism of Khotan
		Inscriptions in the Kharosthi script indicate that Buddhism first arrived in Khotan from the west, over the Pamirs, helped by the flourishing of trade along the Silk Road and the growing power of the Kushana empire in the second and third centuries CE.
		The Buddhism of this period would have been Shravakayana.
		However, all of the surviving Khotanese Buddhist literature dates from a later period, from the seventh to tenth centuries CE.
	idp.bl.uk /chapters/topics/buddhism/khotanese/khotanese.html (548 words)

	Oxherding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The ten oxherding pictures, a well-known Zen representation of training of the mind, are so basic that it could be considered fundamental to all schools of Buddhism.
		A deeper way of looking at it is in terms of spiritual development from Shravakayana to Maha Ati.
		In the Tibetan tradition there is an analogy of elephant herding but it refers largely only to the practice of shamatha.
	www.beezone.com /TrungpasOxherding.html (211 words)

	Wikinfo \| Vajrayana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Vajrayāna Buddhism is last of three great waves in the development of Buddhism, the previous two being known as Hinayana (or Shravakayana), and Mahayana.
		Also known as Tantrayana for it's association with tantric texts and practices, and as Mantrayana for it's use of mantra.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Vajrayana (829 words)

	Kagyu Samye Dzong Edinburgh - Buddhism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Buddha taught the whole corpus of teachings, encompassing what has today come to be known as the Three Yanas (vehicles), or cycles of the buddhist teachings.
		Traditionally, the Three Yanas are: the Shravakayana (vehicle of the hearers), Pratyekabuddhayana (vehicle of the solitary realizers), and Bodhisattvayana (vehicle of the mahayana).
		However, the three are today more commonly known among the Tibetan buddhists to be composed of the Hinayana (basic vehicle), Mahayana (great vehicle), and Vajrayana (indestructible vehicle).
	www.edinburgh.samye.org /buddhism.htm (831 words)

	Shravakayana Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
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	www.karr.net /search/encyclopedia/Shravakayana (141 words)

	Chinese Buddhism on the Silk Road
		The Han emperor Mingdi (who reigned from 57/58 to 75/76 CE) is said by tradition to have been a devotee of both Buddhism and Daoism, and to have sent emissaries to India in search of Buddhist texts.
		Buddhist missionaries were at work in China, translating Buddhist Shravakayana texts into Chinese, from the middle of the first century CE onwards.
		Towards the end of this century, the first translations of Mahayana texts into Chinese were made under the translator Lokashema.
	idp.bl.uk /chapters/topics/buddhism/chinese/chinese.html (564 words)

	Asian Art and Architecture: Art & Design 382/582
		Most of what I describe will be Theravada, the one of the 17 shravakayana sects to survive and flourish up to today, and provide us a full account of that time.
		Shravakayana The Buddhism we have been discussing to this point and for a while yet is the Buddhism of the sravaka (deciples), which seems to be close to the original faith.
		The Maurya Period is a general designation for art of South Asia during the span of the Maurya Empire, which lasted from 322 to 185 BCE.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~tart/arth382/lecture5.html (7091 words)

	Buddhism and Transmissions - Overview of Buddhism
		About 2500 years ago, the historical Buddha Shakyamuni gave many different types of teachings to sentient beings with different capacities on how to end their suffering.
		Buddha's disciples later systematized these teachings into three major categories: Shravakayana (the vehicle for the hearers), Pratyekabuddhayana (the vehicle for the solitary realizers) and Bodhisattvayana (Mahayana - the vehicle for Bodhisattvas).
		The Theravada tradition, characterized by Shravakayana teachings is well preserved in some Southeast Asian countries.
	utbf.org /en/tradition (295 words)

	bullsearch01 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		You are inspired by unmistakable and logical conclusions rather than by blind faith.
		This corresponds to the Shravakayana and Pratyekabuddhayana paths.
		You are startled at perceiving the bull and then, because there is no longer any mystery, you wonder if it is really there; you perceive its insubstantial quality.
	www.bakers64.freeserve.co.uk /bullsearch01.htm (665 words)

	Tibetan Glossary
		Shantideva Eight century Indian master, author of Bodhicharyavatara, Bodhisattva's Way of Life.
		Shravakayana Literally 'Vehicle of the Hearers': those disciples of the Buddha whose goal is personal liberation from the suffering of samsara.
		sutra The exoteric teachings spoken by the Buddha, found in both the Shravakayana and Mahayana.
	www.mysticfire.com /ntsc/76376/glossary.html?cart=982790008917808 (1112 words)

	mangala.com -- studiemateriale
		Now as far as Buddhism in general is concerned, one can categorize it in many many ways.
		One way of categorizing it can be dividing it into Shravakayana Path and Mahayana Path.
		It is another approach that’s called Mahayana, but it is always based on the previous one, Shravakayana.
	www.mangala.dk /Heart%20of%20Buddhism.htm (5881 words)

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