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Topic: Shtadlan

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	Israel's Starry-Eyed Foreign Policy - Middle East Quarterly - June 1994
		Drawing, presumably, on the institution of the broker--a figure familiar from Jewish commercial activity--Jewish diplomacy sought to cultivate influential intermediaries in contacts with "the prince." The shtadlan might be a well-connected, assimilated Jew or a well-disposed gentile.
		The most noteworthy use of the shtadlan device by the State of Israel comes in the shape of the American-Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC).
		The shtadlan device enabled Israel to piggyback on the colossal power of the United States to the extent that Arab leaders (such as Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1967, Saddam Husayn in 1991) identified Israel with its superpower patron.
	www.meforum.org /article/221 (7005 words)

	Child Support - Slavery - Men's News Daily™
		He will therefore, in Jewish terms, be reduced to a shtadlan, for the non-custodial slaves of the family court system have already entered shtadlanut (see explanation below).
		Shtadlanut is based on negotiations between an individual, who is agile of tongue and quick to act and knows how to behave with tyrants, and a ruler, who has the power to order matters at will and under whose patronage the Jews live.
		In return for the concession he requests, the shtadlan offers the rulers material benefits and unrestricted loyalty.
	www.mensnewsdaily.com /archive/letters/02/reader032102.htm (994 words)

	Mail-Jewish Volume 48 Number 78
		A shtadlan has ALWAYS been a "court Jew" who is the obsequious fixer for the sake of his fellow Jews and kisses the hand of the ruling parties in the local area, esp. in Europe.
		In short and in conclusion: shtadlan has utterly and absolutely nothing to do with the German Staat.
		The shtadlan has been a feature of Jewish life for many centuries and in many countries.
	www.ottmall.com /mj_ht_arch/v48/mj_v48i78.html (1570 words)

	The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Germany
		The Jewish community, or kahal, was mostly autonomous – sometimes the ruler of the surrounding city would set limits on inhabitants of the ghetto, and they would always impose a heavy tax burden, but the collecting of taxes and enforcing of population quotas was all done by the Jewish governing board, the kehilla.
		Any interaction with non-Jewish rulers, businessmen, or neighbors was handled by the shtadlan, a community representative
		The collective isolation of the Jews also led to the rise of Yiddish.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/vjw/germany.html (4137 words)

	Kesher Talk
		The leader of the Tunisian Jewish community is an associate of the country’s autocratic leader and sometimes prefers a Friday-night drink rather than a Sabbath meal.
		Roger Bismuth is the modern-day version of the shtadlan, a Hebrew term given to the Jewish leaders in 18th century Europe who functioned as important interlocutors between the community and the government.
		Bin Ali had angered foreign governments by telling them the explosion was nothing more than a car accident.
	www.hfienberg.com /kesher/2004/04/jews-in-odd-places-tunisia-leader-of.html (280 words)

	Manfred and Anne Lehmann Foundation
		After the latter's death, Rav Sherer has become the shining example of a shtadlan (public servant) concerned with the fate of every Jew.
		The work started by Mike Tress during the war—when rescue work was so essential for the survival of Jewry, especially Torah Jewry—and continued to this day by Rav Moshe Sherer, is of historic proportions.
		In those days, rescue work was not institutionalized by professionals as it is today, but was entirely based on individual efforts, in the old shtadlan tradition.
	www.manfredlehmann.com /sieg269.html (1690 words)

	Genealogy.com: The Jewish-baltic family Keilmann of Riga/Livland
		He had two sons: Feibus Elias (nee 1773 in Schlock, dies 1826 in Schlock) and Noa Elias (nee 1781 in Schlock.
		).He was the Shtadlan of the jewish community of Sloca/Schlock.
		Marcus Keilmann (nee 1797 in Schlock/Courland, dies January 10 1875 in Riga), Itzig/Isaak Feibus Keilmann (nee 1800 in Schlock, dies between 1855/1860 in Riga), Jette Keilmann (nee 1805) and Terze (Terese ?
	www.genealogy.com /genealogy/users/d/u/p/Robert-A-Dupuis (515 words)

	JewishGates.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		To a certain extent, they had no choice because all cities required that Jews live in designated segregated parts of the towns, called ghettos.
		In most communities the leader, called shtadlan, was usually a wealthier person who had either survived a previous expulsion or was known by the majority of new-comers as a leader.
		In many of the communities that had reestablished themselves after an earlier expulsion, leadership became largely a function of wealth.
	www.jewishgates.com /file.asp?File_ID=71 (942 words)

	Cycles of Identity \| The Jewish Community and Me
		The institutions of the organized Jewish community were in the best position to try and fight for Jewish rights.
		Sometimes this was done through the services of a specific Jewish official, often known as a shtadlan, who worked as a kind of lobbyist for Jewish rights with the outside authorities.
		Sometimes communities took steps to avoid friction and minimize tension with economic competitors by limiting their economic activity to certain fields.
	www.jafi.org.il /education/identity/1-5.html (1685 words)

	Halachah in Brief #77
		Others claimed that since this person had murdered a Jew, and was therefore liable for the death penalty, not only was it prohibited to save him, a relative of the original victim (the go’el hadam) could have actually turned him over to the authorities (ordinarily the crime of mesirah).
		In the event, the efforts of the shtadlan, the person attempting to save him, were unsuccessful, and the man was hanged.
		Havvot Yair says that he decided nevertheless to ponder the issue, which he divides into two components.
	www.rjconline.org /hib77.htm (958 words)

	A 'Shtadlan' for our times - Jewish Media Resources
		A 'Shtadlan' for our times - Jewish Media Resources
		Tens of thousands of New Yorkers stood outside in sweltering heat for hours this past Monday to pay tribute to Rabbi Moshe Sherer.
		His methods were those of the traditional Jewish shtadlan (government intercessor): subtlety, non-confrontation and absolute integrity.
	www.jewishmediaresources.com /article/37 (999 words)

	Brzeziny, Poland [Pages 78-83] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He was the community's representative in the government offices and also a kind of shtadlan [intermediary] with the landowner.
		The kahal also maintained a royfe [health practitioner], who treated poor sick people at the expense of the community, a barber, a midwife, and a pharmacist.
		The Va'ad Haglil had a district rov (Av-Bes-Din Haglil [chief judge] of the district), a government shtadlan [intermediary], a writer, shamesim [sextons] and a treasurer.
	www.jewishgen.org /yizkor/brzeziny/brz078.html (4880 words)

	WashingtonPost.com: Fallen Pillars: U.S. Policy towards Palestine and Israel since 1945
		In this quest the elitists of AC would try to deal with the huge problems posed by the massive influx of often illiterate and isolated Eastern European Jews in a subtle and soft-spoken way.
		Its central strategy was to employ the medieval Jewish tradition of the shtadlan, the "court Jew" who served as adviser to goyim (non-Jewish) governments and powerful families.
		These were wealthy and talented Jews who had earned the trust of gentile masters and in turn could influence them on behalf of the Jewish community.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fallenpillars.htm (8060 words)

	Ciechanowiec, Poland (pages 3-36 English) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Polish translation was prepared by the Shtadlan (intercessor or representative of the Jewish community vis-a-vis the authorities) Nissan Judkowski.
		What we do know is that when the poll tax was divided in 1733 and 1739, the Wysokie community was already attached to Ciechanowiec.
		In 1730 mention is made of Reb Nissan Yehuda (Judkowski) as the Shtadlan of the Ciechanowiec community.
	www.jewishgen.org /yizkor/Ciechanowiec/cie003e.html (7963 words)

	JewishGates.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A decidedly dynastic attitude led them to prefer marriages with the families of other Court Jews and to attempt to secure their positions for their descendants.
		Thanks to his privileged position, the Court Jew was often able to act as shtadlan for the Jewish groups; frequently he was the head of the community and could procure the right to establish new settlements and prepare the way for emancipation.
		The Jewish community had mixed feelings about the Court Jew.
	www.jewishgates.com /file.asp?File_ID=53 (523 words)

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